3D simulations of vertical displacement events in tokamaks: A benchmark of M3D-C1^1, NIMROD and JOREK

In recent years, the nonlinear 3D magnetohydrodynamic codes JOREK, M3D-C$^1$ and NIMROD developed the capability of modelling realistic 3D vertical displacement events (VDEs) including resistive walls. In this paper, a comprehensive 3D VDE benchmark is presented between these state of the art codes. The simulated case is based on an experimental NSTX plasma but with a simplified rectangular wall. In spite of pronounced differences between physics models and numerical methods, the comparison shows very good agreement in the relevant quantities used to characterize disruptions such as the 3D wall forces and energy decay. This benchmark does not only bring confidence regarding the use of the mentioned codes for disruption studies, but also shows differences with respect to the used models (e.g. reduced versus full MHD models). The simulations show important 3D features for a NSTX plasma such as the self-consistent evolution of the halo current and the origin of the wall forces. In contrast to other reduced MHD models based on an ordering in the aspect ratio, the ansatz based JOREK reduced MHD model allows capturing the 3D dynamics even in the spherical tokamak limit considered here

Effect of environmental assessment on primary energy of modular prefabricated panel for building renovation in Portugal

While facing increasingly strict regulations regarding energy efficiency, the construction sector should also adopt sustainable solutions in terms of new constructions and renovations of buildings. In particular, energy renovation of existing buildings has specific technical and economic constraints that are generally addressed through implementation of new materials and building integrated systems, whose environmental impact should be considered when assessing the most adequate solution. Within the context of the More-Connect Project, which aims to develop modular prefabricated solutions for energy renovation of buildings, several renovation scenarios for a pilot building in Portugal were assessed using a methodology to compare the cost-effectiveness of renovation measures. The article explores the use of lifecycle assessment to analyse the effect of considering embodied primary energy in cost-effectiveness calculations.The MORE-CONNECT project is funded by the European Commission within the framework of the Horizon 2020 program

Desarrollo de un ambiente docente e investigativo en servocontrol digital para robótica experimental

Se describe el desarrollo de un ambiente para la enseñanza y la investigación sobre servomecanismos digitales aplicados a la robótica y al control industrial experimental. Se expone la elección del controlador y los diagramas en bloque y funcional del sistema expresado en transformadas de Laplace (L) y Z. Se detalla la implementación tecnológica junto al programa en Visual Basic interactivo para el usuario conducente a obtener un banco de ensayos de laboratorio, y se presenta la metodología de diseño del filtro y del control digital junto con las simulaciones del diagrama de Bode y las transformadas de L y Z en Matlab y Simulink. En el proyecto se aplicó fundamentalmente ingeniería nativa multidisciplinaria: informática, electrónica y mecánica. El sistema se encuentra operativo comprobándose con su funcionamiento en tiempo real en el banco de ensayos y en el robot RSA 2 los algoritmos y simulaciones implementados en una PC estándar.Eje: Informática educativaRed de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

Desarrollo de un ambiente docente e investigativo en servocontrol digital para robótica experimental

Se describe el desarrollo de un ambiente para la enseñanza y la investigación sobre servomecanismos digitales aplicados a la robótica y al control industrial experimental. Se expone la elección del controlador y los diagramas en bloque y funcional del sistema expresado en transformadas de Laplace (L) y Z. Se detalla la implementación tecnológica junto al programa en Visual Basic interactivo para el usuario conducente a obtener un banco de ensayos de laboratorio, y se presenta la metodología de diseño del filtro y del control digital junto con las simulaciones del diagrama de Bode y las transformadas de L y Z en Matlab y Simulink. En el proyecto se aplicó fundamentalmente ingeniería nativa multidisciplinaria: informática, electrónica y mecánica. El sistema se encuentra operativo comprobándose con su funcionamiento en tiempo real en el banco de ensayos y en el robot RSA 2 los algoritmos y simulaciones implementados en una PC estándar.Eje: Informática educativaRed de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

Axisymmetric simulations of vertical displacement events in tokamaks: A benchmark of M3D-C1, NIMROD and JOREK

A benchmark exercise for the modeling of vertical displacement events(VDEs) is presented and applied to the 3D nonlinear magneto-hydrodynamic codesM3D-C1, JOREK and NIMROD. The simulations are based on a vertically unstableNSTX equilibrium enclosed by an axisymmetric resistive wall with rectangular crosssection. A linear dependence of the linear VDE growth rates on the resistivity ofthe wall is recovered for sufficiently large wall conductivity and small temperatures inthe open field line region. The benchmark results show good agreement between theVDE growth rates obtained from linear NIMROD and M3D-C1simulations as wellas from the linear phase of axisymmetric nonlinear JOREK, NIMROD and M3D-C1simulations. Axisymmetric nonlinear simulations of a full VDE performed with thethree codes are compared and excellent agreement is found regarding plasma locationand plasma currents as well as eddy and halo currents in the wall.</p