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    Crecimiento y eficiencia de uso del nitr贸geno en ma铆z de regad铆o en una regi贸n semi谩rida seg煤n la fertilizaci贸n nitrogenada utilizada

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    The main groundwater pollution factor in irrigated maize production areas is leaching of nitrogen below the root zone. During the years 1999-2001, experiments were carried out on irrigated maize in the semiarid region of Castilla- La Mancha to evaluate the effect of nitrogen in the growth and yield of maize. Three rates of nitrogen were tested: No (0 kg N ha-1), Nop (175, 150 and 130 kg N ha-1 in 1999, 2000 and 2001, respectively), and Nc (300 kg N ha-1). A high initial level of residual soil NO-3 was found in the spring of 1999 as a consequence of fertilization carryover from the previous years. Although there was no plant response to N fertilization in 1999, significant responses were obtained during the following two years. Moreover, in 2000, the grain production did not show significant differences between Nop and Nc. However, in 2001, maize yield was slightly decreased due to an attempt to decrease the Nop to 130 kg N ha-1, showing significant differences with regard to Nc. The differences in grain yield among nitrogen levels were mainly due to a significant variation in maximum leaf area index, leaf area duration and crop growth rate. There was a decreasing pattern in nitrogen use efficiency values with increasing fertilizer rates, indicating that crop production could be sustained with lower fertilizer applications. Fertilizer practices must be revised in order to control and prevent insofar as possible water pollution in "La-Mancha Oriental" aquifer.El principal contaminante del agua subterr谩nea en las 谩reas de regad铆o cultivadas de ma铆z es la lixiviaci贸n del nitr贸geno. Durante los a帽os 1999 a 2001 se han realizado ensayos en ma铆z regado en la regi贸n semi谩rida de Castilla-La Mancha, con el objetivo de evaluar su producci贸n y crecimiento ante tres dosis de nitr贸geno: No (0 kg N ha-1), Nop (175, 150 y 130 kg N ha-1 en 1999, 2000 y 2001, respectivamente), y Nc (300 kg N ha-1). El alto nivel inicial de NO-3 residual en el suelo durante la primavera de 1999, consecuencia de la fertilizaci贸n anterior, propici贸 la falta de respuesta a la fertilizaci贸n con N. Sin embargo, se obtuvieron respuestas significativas los dos a帽os siguientes. Adem谩s, en el a帽o 2000, la producci贸n de grano no registr贸 diferencias significativas entre Nop y Nc. Sin embargo, disminuy贸 ligeramente la producci贸n en el a帽o 2001 al tratar de reducir la dosis 贸ptima a 130 kg N ha-1, presentando diferencias significativas respecto a Nc. Este hecho fue debido, principalmente, a una variaci贸n significativa en el 铆ndice de 谩rea foliar m谩ximo, la duraci贸n del 谩rea foliar y la tasa de crecimiento del cultivo. Las dosis m谩s elevadas de fertilizante originaron una disminuci贸n de la eficiencia de uso del nitr贸geno, por lo que la producci贸n podr铆a obtenerse con unos aportes menores de nitr贸geno. Se debe revisar la fertilizaci贸n para contribuir a controlar y prevenir, en la medida de lo posible, la contaminaci贸n en el acu铆fero de La Mancha Oriental

    Growth and nitrogen use efficiency of irrigated maize in a semiarid region as affected by nitrogen fertilization

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    The main groundwater pollution factor in irrigated maize production areas is leaching of nitrogen below the root zone. During the years 1999-2001, experiments were carried out on irrigated maize in the semiarid region of Castilla-La Mancha to evaluate the effect of nitrogen in the growth and yield of maize. Three rates of nitrogen were tested: No (0 kg N ha-1), Nop (175, 150 and 130 kg N ha-1 in 1999, 2000 and 2001, respectively), and Nc (300 kg N ha-1). A high initial level of residual soil NO3- was found in the spring of 1999 as a consequence of fertilization carryover from the previous years. Although there was no plant response to N fertilization in 1999, significant responses were obtained during the following two years. Moreover, in 2000, the grain production did not show significant differences between Nop and Nc. However, in 2001, maize yield was slightly decreased due to an attempt to decrease the Nop to 130 kg N ha-1, showing significant differences with regard to Nc. The differences in grain yield among nitrogen levels were mainly due to a significant variation in maximum leaf area index, leaf area duration and crop growth rate. There was a decreasing pattern in nitrogen use efficiency values with increasing fertilizer rates, indicating that crop production could be sustained with lower fertilizer applications. Fertilizer practices must be revised in order to control and prevent insofar as possible water pollution in "La-Mancha Oriental" aquiferEl principal contaminante del agua subterr谩nea en las 谩reas de regad铆o cultivadas de ma铆z es la lixiviaci贸n del nitr贸geno. Durante los a帽os 1999 a 2001 se han realizado ensayos en ma铆z regado en la regi贸n semi谩rida de Castilla-La Mancha, con el objetivo de evaluar su producci贸n y crecimiento ante tres dosis de nitr贸geno: No (0 kg N ha-1), Nop (175, 150 y 130 kg N ha-1 en 1999, 2000 y 2001, respectivamente), y Nc (300 kg N ha-1). El alto nivel inicial de NO3- residual en el suelo durante la primavera de 1999, consecuencia de la fertilizaci贸n anterior, propici贸 la falta de respuesta a la fertilizaci贸n con N. Sin embargo, se obtuvieron respuestas significativas los dos a帽os siguientes. Adem谩s, en el a帽o 2000, la producci贸n de grano no registr贸 diferencias significativas entre Nop y Nc. Sin embargo, disminuy贸 ligeramente la producci贸n en el a帽o 2001 al tratar de reducir la dosis 贸ptima a 130 kg N ha-1, presentando diferencias significativas respecto a Nc. Este hecho fue debido, principalmente, a una variaci贸n significativa en el 铆ndice de 谩rea foliar m谩ximo, la duraci贸n del 谩rea foliar y la tasa de crecimiento del cultivo. Las dosis m谩s elevadas de fertilizante originaron una disminuci贸n de la eficiencia de uso del nitr贸geno, por lo que la producci贸n podr铆a obtenerse con unos aportes menores de nitr贸geno. Se debe revisar la fertilizaci贸n para contribuir a controlar y prevenir, en la medida de lo posible, la contaminaci贸n en el acu铆fero de La Mancha Oriental
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