23,967 research outputs found
[Review of] Calvin Winslow, ed. Waterfront Workers: New Perspectives on Race and Class
Students of race and ethnic relations have used two perspectives to explain the effects of industrialization on dominant and subordinate relations. One view holds that the process of industrialization results in individuals becoming detached from associations based in race and ethnicity as their life chances are determined by their participation and position in the economic order. A second perspective suggests that industrialization inevitably leads to tension and hostility between groups because they are forced to compete for scarce resources. The articles in Waterfront Workers: New Perspectives on Race and Class attempt to bridge the gap between these conflicting perspectives by suggesting that both may apply, as longshoremen who are racially and ethnically different attempt to adjust to social changes in their occupational setting
THE FEDERAL SUGAR PROGRAM AND ITS IMPACT ON CONSUMERS
Agricultural and Food Policy,
Variation in a host-epiphyte relationship along a wave exposure gradient
The red alga Polysiphonia lanosa (L ) Tandy is an obligate epiphyte that primarily occurs on the fucoid brown algal basiphyte Ascophyllum nodosum (L) Le Jolis In the present study we examine how epiphytic interactions between P lanosa and A nodosum vary along a wave exposure gradient within the southern Gulf of Maine, USA P lanosa was most dense on protected shores, however because the stature of P lanosa was greater on exposed than on sheltered shores, greater biomass occurred In exposed habitats Epiphytlc P lanosa pnmanly attached to inlured vegetative bssue at exposed sites, while ~ t osc currence was primarily receptacular at sheltered sites A significantly stronger correlation was found between host receptacle abundance and epiphyte abundance at a protected low than an exposed site As a result, the distribution of epiphytes along the host S stlpe vanes at different sites We suggest that changes in the distribution and abundance of P lanosa across this wave exposure gradient are highly influenced by vanations in the distribution and persistence of suitable attachment sites on the host plant Because both the quantity and quality of attachment sites vanes w t h exposure, we hypothesize that d~fferenpt rocesses limit or de t e rm~neP lanosa populations in different locations In protected sites P lanosa may be limited by the presence of adequate substrata (inlured bssue and lateral pits) where successful recruitment may occur By contrast at exposed sites the supply of P lanosa sporelings, rather than quantity of appropnate substrata, may limlt population size
Lessons Learned about Change Capital in the Arts: Reflections on a four-year evaluation of Nonprofit Finance Fund's Leading for the Future initiative
This report takes stock of a four-year evaluation of Leading for the Future: Innovative Support for Artistic Excellence (LFF), an experimental 1 million in change capital, drawn down according to individual plans for change, and an additional 225,000 were awarded to organizations that made the most progress on their change efforts, for the purpose of advancing ongoing change efforts or seeding new plans.1 The 10 grantees invested LFF change capital in a wide variety of "business model transformations" ranging from building technologies with the potential to attract new donors and audiences, to experimenting with different models for touring, to investing in marketing and development capacities.NFF has previously published a series of working papers, case studies and video highlights from the LFF initiative, exploring the concepts of capital and financial reporting for capital, and documenting the 10 grantees' experiences.2 We will avoid citing the accomplishments and challenges of specific grantees in this report, and focus instead on program level issues and ideas that might be helpful to future investors of change capital. Indeed, the LFF initiative has played out against the backdrop of a national dialogue about capitalization in the nonprofit arts sector, both learning from, and contributing to, a good deal of productive thinking about capital.While the LFF initiative involved large grants, much was learned that might be of value to funders with more modest resources who are interested in exploring the role of capital in the artistic and financial health of the sector
Formation and X-ray emission from Hot Bubbles in Planetary Nebulae. I. Hot Bubble formation
We carry out high resolution two-dimensional radiation-hydrodynamic numerical
simulations to study the formation and evolution of hot bubbles inside
planetary nebulae (PNe). We take into account the evolution of the stellar
parameters, wind velocity and mass-loss rate from the final thermal pulses
during the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) through to the post-AGB stage for a
range of initial stellar masses. The instabilities that form at the interface
between the hot bubble and the swept-up AGB wind shell lead to hydrodynamical
interactions, photoevaporation flows and opacity variations. We explore the
effects of hydrodynamical mixing combined with thermal conduction at this
interface on the dynamics, photoionization, and emissivity of our models. We
find that even models without thermal conduction mix significant amounts of
mass into the hot bubble. When thermal conduction is not included, hot gas can
leak through the gaps between clumps and filaments in the broken swept-up AGB
shell and this depressurises the bubble. The inclusion of thermal conduction
evaporates and heats material from the clumpy shell, which expands to seal the
gaps, preventing a loss in bubble pressure. The dynamics of bubbles without
conduction is dominated by the thermal pressure of the thick photoionized
shell, while for bubbles with thermal conduction it is dominated by the hot,
shocked wind.Comment: 22 pages, 16 figures; Accepted for publication in MNRA
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