296 research outputs found
Wavenumber Selection of Convection Rolls in a Box
The dynamics of twoâdimensional RayleighâBĂ©nard convection rolls are studied in a finite layer with noâslip, fixed temperature upper and lower boundaries and noâslip insulating side walls. The dominant mechanism controlling the number of rolls seen in the layer is an instability concentrated near the side walls. This mechanism significantly narrows the band of stable wavenumbers although it can take a time comparable to the long (horizontal) diffusion time scale to operate
Spin Signature of Nonlocal Correlation Binding in Metal-Organic Frameworks
We develop a proper nonempirical spin-density formalism for the van der Waals density functional (vdW-DF) method. We show that this generalization, termed svdW-DF, is firmly rooted in the single-particle nature of exchange and we test it on a range of spin systems. We investigate in detail the role of spin in the nonlocal correlation driven adsorption of H-2 and CO2 in the linear magnets Mn-MOF74, Fe-MOF74, Co-MOF74, and Ni-MOF74. In all cases, we find that spin plays a significant role during the adsorption process despite the general weakness of the molecular-magnetic responses. The case of CO2 adsorption in Ni-MOF74 is particularly interesting, as the inclusion of spin effects results in an increased attraction, opposite to what the diamagnetic nature of CO2 would suggest. We explain this counterintuitive result, tracking the behavior to a coincidental hybridization of the O p states with the Ni d states in the down-spin channel. More generally, by providing insight on nonlocal correlation in concert with spin effects, our nonempirical svdW-DF method opens the door for a deeper understanding of weak nonlocal magnetic interactions
Boundary Limitation of Wavenumbers in Taylor-Vortex Flow
We report experimental results for a boundary-mediated wavenumber-adjustment
mechanism and for a boundary-limited wavenumber-band of Taylor-vortex flow
(TVF). The system consists of fluid contained between two concentric cylinders
with the inner one rotating at an angular frequency . As observed
previously, the Eckhaus instability (a bulk instability) is observed and limits
the stable wavenumber band when the system is terminated axially by two rigid,
non-rotating plates. The band width is then of order at small
() and agrees well with
calculations based on the equations of motion over a wide -range.
When the cylinder axis is vertical and the upper liquid surface is free (i.e.
an air-liquid interface), vortices can be generated or expelled at the free
surface because there the phase of the structure is only weakly pinned. The
band of wavenumbers over which Taylor-vortex flow exists is then more narrow
than the stable band limited by the Eckhaus instability. At small
the boundary-mediated band-width is linear in . These results are
qualitatively consistent with theoretical predictions, but to our knowledge a
quantitative calculation for TVF with a free surface does not exist.Comment: 8 pages incl. 9 eps figures bitmap version of Fig
Network Rewiring of Homologous Recombination Enzymes during Mitotic Proliferation and Meiosis.
Homologous recombination (HR) is essential for high-fidelity DNA repair during mitotic proliferation and meiosis. Yet, context-specific modifications must tailor the recombination machinery to avoid (mitosis) or enforce (meiosis) the formation of reciprocal exchanges-crossovers-between recombining chromosomes. To obtain molecular insight into how crossover control is achieved, we affinity purified 7 DNA-processing enzymes that channel HR intermediates into crossovers or noncrossovers from vegetative cells or cells undergoing meiosis. Using mass spectrometry, we provide a global characterization of their composition and reveal mitosis- and meiosis-specific modules in the interaction networks. Functional analyses of meiosis-specific interactors of MutLÎł-Exo1 identified Rtk1, Caf120, and Chd1 as regulators of crossing-over. Chd1, which transiently associates with Exo1 at the prophase-to-metaphase I transition, enables the formation of MutLÎł-dependent crossovers through its conserved ability to bind and displace nucleosomes. Thus, rewiring of the HR network, coupled to chromatin remodeling, promotes context-specific control of the recombination outcome
Efficient Approaches for the Synthesis of Diverse α-Diazo Amides
Metal-catalysed carbenoid chemistry can be exploited for the synthesis of diverse ranges of small molecules from α-diazo carbonyl compounds. In this paper, three synthetic approaches to α-diazo amides are described, and their scope and limitations are determined. On the basis of these synthetic studies, recommendations are provided to assist the selection of the most appropriate approach for specific classes of product. The availability of practical and efficient syntheses of diverse α-diazo acetamides is expected to facilitate the discovery of many different classes of bioactive small molecules
'This is what democracy looks like' : New Labour's blind spot and peripheral vision
New Labour in government since 1997 has been roundly criticized for not possessing a clear, coherent and consistent democratic vision. The absence of such a grand vision has resulted, from this critical perspective, in an absence of 'joined-up' thinking about democracy in an evolving multi-level state. Tensions have been all too apparent between the government's desire to exert central direction - manifested in its most pathological form as 'control freakery' - and its democratising initiatives derived from 'third-way' obsessions with 'decentralising', 'empowering' and 'enabling'. The purpose of this article is to examine why New Labour displayed such apparently impaired democratic vision and why it appeared incapable of conceiving of democratic reform 'in the round'. This article seeks to explain these apparent paradoxes, however, through utilising the notion of 'macular degeneration'. In this analysis, the perceived democratic blind spot of New Labour at Westminster is connected to a democratic peripheral vision, which has envisaged innovative participatory and decentred initiatives in governance beyond Westminster
Efficient Algorithm on a Non-staggered Mesh for Simulating Rayleigh-Benard Convection in a Box
An efficient semi-implicit second-order-accurate finite-difference method is
described for studying incompressible Rayleigh-Benard convection in a box, with
sidewalls that are periodic, thermally insulated, or thermally conducting.
Operator-splitting and a projection method reduce the algorithm at each time
step to the solution of four Helmholtz equations and one Poisson equation, and
these are are solved by fast direct methods. The method is numerically stable
even though all field values are placed on a single non-staggered mesh
commensurate with the boundaries. The efficiency and accuracy of the method are
characterized for several representative convection problems.Comment: REVTeX, 30 pages, 5 figure
Internal accounting practices at Whitbread & Company c.1890-1925
This paper examines internal accounting practices at Whitbread & Company from c. 1890 to 1925. At this time, there was an increasing interest in cost accounting, but there is little detailed extant research on general internal accounting practices of firms. The brewing sector, we suggest, is a potentially fruitful realm to further our knowledge of this time. Drawing on the Whitbread brewery archival records, we chart the internal accounting practices of the company. Our findings reveal a stable set of accounting practices, focused mainly on bookkeeping, although the firmâs auditor produced some reports which may have been useful for management decision-making. We argue these practices were highly institutionalised, and seemingly resistant to external forces present in the companyâs environment
Access to print literacy for children and young people with visual impairment: findings from a review of literature
Impact of Dreissena fouling on the physiological condition of native and invasive bivalves : interspecific and temporal variations
The impact of Dreissena fouling on unionids
has hardly been studied in Europe, despite the fact
that in some ecosystems (e.g. Lake Balaton, Hungary)
infestations of several hundreds to a thousand individuals
per unionid have been observed. At present,
the zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha is a dominant
species in Lake Balaton and in the last decade three
other invasive bivalves were introduced, potentially
increasing the pressure on native unionid survival. We
examined whether the fouling of dreissenids (zebra
and quagga (D. rostriformis bugensis) mussels) has a
negative impact on native (Anodonta anatina, Unio
pictorum and U. tumidus) and invasive (Corbicula
fluminea and Sinanodonta woodiana) bivalves and
whether there are any interspecific and temporal
variations in fouling intensity and physiological
condition measured by standard condition index and
glycogen content. A significant negative impact was detected on native unionids only in July and September
(no impact was detected in May), when the fouling
rate was high. For invasive species, a significant
negative impact was detected on S. woodiana with a
high level of dressenid infestation; whereas no significant
impact was detected on C. fluminea. Overall, this
study confirms that Dreissena may threaten unionid
species including the invasive S. woodiana, although
high interspecific and temporal variations were
observed. This situation should be taken into account
in future ecological and conservational assessments
because species respond differently to Dreissena
fouling and effects seem to be more pronounced in
late summer/early autumn. In addition, this study
provides the first evidence that the invasive C.
fluminea appear to be less vulnerable to dressenid
fouling.The study was supported by the Hungarian Scientific Fund (KTIA-OTKA) under the contract No. CNK80140
- âŠ