Analysis of a Group of Failing Retaining Walls and Remediation Measures

This study investigates the reasons of excessive movements of a group of reinforced-concrete retaining walls with a total length of over 300 meters, constructed in 2000 in Kocaeli, Turkey. The contractor had documented the construction stages in sufficient detail. Evaluation of available documents, field observations and engineering analysis has shown that the factor of safety for the walls was around one. In other words, the walls were slowly failing. Engineering errors on calculation of earth pressures and the use of wrong backfill were identified as the primary reasons. The factor of safety of the failing walls was significantly improved by using the combination treatment of backfill replacement, base enlargement, post-construction shear key enclosure and drainage improvement

Mitigation of Adverse Vibrations in Nearby Structures Arising from a Large Forge Hammer

This study is concerned in developing a rapid solution of unwanted vibrations arising from a forging facility in Düzce Industrial Park (DIP), Turkey. A site visit revealed that the foundation of the impact hammer was constructed based on judgment. After collecting the relevant data to the extend possible, the system was modeled with two single degrees of freedom having two masses and two springs without any appreciable damping. The results of the analysis indicated that the best solution would be to improve the foundation soil or support the machine on piles, which was unacceptable to the owner because of the backup of the orders. The short-term solution was to use the vibration absorber approach in the reverse order by assuming the foundation slab to be protected from vibrations and by assuming the machine to act as a vibration isolator block. In other words, the foundation amplitude was reduced by allowing the machine to have higher amplitude. This was done by reducing the springs between the foundation and the machine, which was completed in six hours. Amplitude of the foundation displacement is reduced by 50% while the amplitude of the machine is allowed to increase about 85%, which was acceptable for both the owner and the DIP authority

Reduction of Liquefaction Susceptibility Under Existing Structures by Permeation Grouting

1999 Izmit earthquake has shown that a vast number of buildings were built over liquefiable silty soils in Adapazari, Turkey. Most of these buildings have been classified as “moderately” damaged, and mitigation of the liquefaction risk has been made mandatory before these structures are reoccupied. A literature review revealed that low pressure permeation grouting has been used successfully for this purpose. The effectiveness of this method is investigated in this study through geophysical measurements before and after the soil improvement at four different sites in downtown Adapazari . The results of this study indicate that the shear wave velocity of the improved soil is increased approximately twofold and the shear modulus of the improved soil is increased more than threefold. Improvements imparted to the soil are sufficient to reduce the liquefaction risk substantially. These findings are in line with the results reported in the literature. It appears that low permeation grouting is capable of reducing liquefaction risk under existing structures rapidly and at low cost

CUTTING ROOM SOFTWARE: ENHANCING EFFICIENCY IN GARMENT PRODUCTION

The rapid growth of the ready-to-wear industry has created a need for continuous improvement, along with the necessity to shorten production times and increase quality. The processes in this industry comprise a series of sequential activities carried out by machines and workers in a specific order. Particularly before cutting, checking model information is critically important. However, the various document formats used in the industry and the software employed to manage this data can complicate the work for personnel. In this context, there is a need for user-friendly software to enhance operational efficiency and minimize errors. This research aims to develop software focused on cutting processes. The developed software allows users to quickly and effectively access model and fabric information, measurement charts, and warehouse data, while simplifying complex processes. Additionally, its simple interface enables use without the need for special training and allows for the remote management of processes. As a result, the software aims to increase operational efficiency while reducing errors and workload

Relationship Between Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease And Hyperandrogenemia In Adolescents With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is common in adults with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and several studies on adults have investigated its influencing factors. However, factors associated with NAFLD in adolescents with PCOS remain unknown. Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the presence of NAFLD in adolescents with PCOS using the noninvasive methods of vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) and ultrasonography (USG), along with assessing NAFLD-related metabolic and hormonal risk factors. Methods: This study included patients aged 12-18 years who were diagnosed with PCOS according to the Rotterdam criteria. The control group included young women with similar age and body mass index (BMI) z scores, who had menstruated regularly for more than 2 years. Patients with PCOS were divided into hyperandrogenemia and nonhyperandrogenemia groups based on serum androgen level. USG was performed on all patients to evaluate the presence of hepatic steatosis. Liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) were assessed using VCTE (Fibroscan). Clinical, laboratory, and radiological data were compared between groups. Results: This study included 124 adolescent girls aged 12-18 years (61 with PCOS, 63 controls). BMI z scores were similar between groups. Waist circumference and total cholesterol, triglyceride, and alanine aminotransferase levels were higher in the PCOS versus the control group. The presence of hepatic steatosis on USG was similar between groups. However, the rate of hepatic steatosis on USG was higher in patients with hyperandrogenic PCOS (P0.01). LSM and CAP measurements were similar between groups. Conclusion: No increase in prevalence of NAFLD was observed among adolescents with PCOS. However, hyperandrogenemia is a risk factor for NAFLD. Therefore, adolescents with PCOS and elevated androgen level should be screened for NAFLD.CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PEDIATRIC

Kendine ait bir ölüm: Uyanış, Sırça Fanus ve Hedda Gabler eserlerinde benliğin yeniden doğuşunun psikanalitik okuması

İntihar teması insan doğasının karmaşıklığını anlamayı sağlayan bir konu olmuştur. İntihar fikri veya eylemi, bireyin varoluşsal sorgulamalarını keşfetmeye ilişkin bireyin varoluşunu çelişkili bir şekilde kanıtlayan bir yöntemdir. Edebiyat tarihi boyunca intihar, antik Yunan trajedilerinden ve Shakespeare'in kahramanlık motifi içeren intiharlarından modern dönem eserlerine kadar sık rastlanan temel bir konu haline gelmiştir. Özellikle edebiyatta kadın intiharları; toplumsal baskılar, trajik aşk ve ruhsal sorunların yol açtığı kimlik arayışının trajik bir sonucu olarak yorumlanmıştır. Benzer şekilde, bu teze konu olan kadın ana karakterlerin, benlik arayışları ve kendini keşfetmeleri sonucunda kendilerine ait bir ölüm tasarladıkları düşünülmektedir. Ancak, yaşadıkları acılar kendi benliğini keşfetme yolculuğunda deneyimledikleri geçici bir süreçtir ve gerçek benliklerini keşfetmek amacıyla kahramanlık unsurları içeren içsel yolculuklarında ilerlemektedirler. Bu tezin amacı, teze konu olan kadın karakterlerin kendilerini keşfetme yolculuklarını ve benlik arayışlarına devam etme biçimlerini, gerçek benliğe ve yeniden doğuşa doğru ilerlemelerini bireyleşme süreci açısından incelemektir.Suicide is a theme that allows one to understand the complexities of human nature. Contemplation or committing suicide is a way to explore one's existential questionings, and it can serve as a means to assert their existence in a paradoxical way. Throughout the history of literature, suicide has been a prevalent theme, from the ancient Greek tragedies and Shakespearean heroic suicides to modern works. Female suicide in literature, in particular, has been considered a tragic result of the quest for identity triggered by societal constraints, tragic love, and mental problems. Similarly, the female protagonists that are subject to this thesis have been considered to have designed a death of their own as a result of their search for identity and self-discovery. However, their suffering is a temporary stage during their journey of self-discovery, and they advance in their heroic inner journey toward their authentic self. This thesis aims to discuss the journey of self-discovery of the female protagonists who are subject to this thesis and how they navigate their quest for identity by examining their progression towards self-authenticity and rebirth through the individuation process

Assessment of oral manifestations in pediatric patients with celiac disease in relation to marsh types

To investigate the presence of molar-incisor hypoplasia and recurrent aphthous ulcers, the level of caries experience, and oral hygiene status, and to measure salivary flow rate, salivary buffer capacity, and salivary cariogenic microflora with Marsh types. A single-blind, prospective clinical study with 62 pediatric patients diagnosed with celiac disease with 64 controls. Clinical identification of molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) was followed according to the European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry criteria. DMFS and dfs index were used for the caries experience of each child. The clinical diagnosis of RAU was present or not. Oral hygiene was surveyed by recording the OHI-S and the CRT® Bacteria and Buffer Test was used to examine the cariogenic microflora of each child. The prevalence of MIH was 61% and the number of recurrent aphthous ulcers were significantly higher in children with celiac disease. There was no statistically significant difference in the CD group, when DMFS, dfs, and MIH parameters were investigated according to dietary compliance. Higher dietary compliance resulted in better oral hygiene status. There was an inverse relationship between the duration of celiac diagnosis and the presence of MIH. A positive relation was found between the duration of the disease and the severity of MIH. In addition to the higher S. mutans counts, the salivary flow rate was very low in children with celiac disease, indicating a positive correlation between poor dietary compliance and poorer oral hygiene. In children, enamel defects and recurrent mucosal lesions may be a sign of celiac disease. Higher numbers of dental caries in permanent teeth of children with celiac disease may be related to Marsh 2 type. The pediatricians and/or pediatric gastroenterologists should refer the chin with celiac disease to the pediatric dentist for the accurate treatment of intraoral manifestations of the disease itself

Perceived parental power, parental behavior and adolescent conformity to parents

Using symbolic interaction as a theoretical framework, this study examined the relationships between parental behaviors, parental power and adolescent conformity. In contrast to the negative bias in most social psychological research, a positive conceptualization of conformity was provided. For example, conformity to parents by youth was viewed as an important component of instrumental or social competence. Two research models were developed in order to satisfy the purposes of this investigation. Model 1 was concerned with the individual predictive capacities of parental behavior variables and dimensions of parental power. Model 2, on the other hand, was concerned with the contingent impact of parental power on the relationship between parental behaviors and adolescent conformity to parents. The sample for this study consisted of 437 adolescents enrolled in a rural high school in East Tennessee. There were 188 males and 249 females who were primarily white, Protestant and middle-class. The data was gathered through a self-report questionnaire. The results for the first model indicated that parental support, legitimate power, coercive power, and expert power were positively related to adolescent conformity to parents, with legitimate power being the strongest predictor. For model 2, the results supported the expectation that the effectiveness of parental behaviors in promoting conformity to parents would be enhanced by high levels of perceived parental power, and diminish under low levels. It was found that parental induction and coercion were significant predictors of conformity under high levels of perceived parental power, but not significant under low levels. Parental support also demonstrated a similar pattern with the exception of the father/son dyad. The most important theoretical and practical implications of this study involved the contingent impact of perceived parental power. Given the significance of the power issue, it was suggested that future research on parental predictors of adolescent outcomes include parental power in their models. The results also highlighted the need for considering the role of perceived parental power in family therapy and parent education programs

Application of biopolymer in turbidity removal and sludge settling behaviour of travertine-processing wastewater: Performance optimization using response surface methodology (RSM)

A flocculation process was performed to treat travertine-processing effluents with a high concentration of suspended solids using an eco-friendly biopolymer. The experiments were conducted through a standard jar test procedure to optimize the process parameters for sludge volume index (SVI) and turbidity removal. The effects of mixing time, suspension pH, and polymer dosage on treatment efficiency were investigated using central composite design, a standard technique in response surface methodology. The constructed response model was tested using the analysis of variance (ANOVA). Using the Design-Expert tool, the coefficients of regression models were computed. The Fischer value (F-value) was used to evaluate the significance and validity of the predicted model, while the coefficient of determination (R2) was applied to estimate the model significance by comparing the predicted data with the measured data. The optimized parameters obtained were polymer dose of 276.20 mg/L, suspension pH of 8.60, and mixing time of 4.20 min. The optimal SVI and turbidity values obtained were 1.36 mL/g and 2.99 NTU, respectively. Additionally, R2 values for SVI and turbidity were determined as 0.9337 and 0.8654, respectively. Also, the difference between adjusted R2 values and predicted R2 was less than 0.2. Validation tests showed that the response surface methodology is an effective method for optimizing the flocculation mechanism

DESIGN OF ELECTRONICALLY CONTROLLED JACQUARD MACHINE FOR MULTI-SHED WEAVING MACHINES

The Jacquard shed opening system, which makes it possible to open the shed by controlling the warp threads in groups and obtain different designs and shapes, differs from other shed opening systems in that each group of warp threads and each of them can be controlled as needed. The various warp movements, which are limited by the number of frames in other shedding systems, are limited by the number of sinkers in the Jacquard system. Since all known Jacquard shedding systems are designed for operation with single shed weaving machines, they cannot be used for shedding on multiple weaving machines. In this study, a new electronically controlled jacquard machine for multiple shed weaving machines was developed, which eliminates this problem and enables the opening of the weaving compartments by controlling the warp threads individually in multiple shed weaving machines, thus allowing the weaving of all known jacquard fabric patterns. The technological and kinematic schemes of the jacquard machine were prepared taking into account the type of fabric to be produced, the operating principles of the weft insertion and shedding mechanisms to be used in the machine to be developed, and the expectations for improving the technical and economic indicators of the machine. The electronically controlled pattern reading system, which consists of modules in the machine, converts the electronic data into mechanical data to ensure shedding. In the cam shedding mechanism, which transmits motion to the knives in the form of a stepped shaft in the multiple weaving machine, the warp threads are placed on the knives so that they can move vertically. They are controlled by specially structured sinkers which, in contact with the blades, move from the lower to the upper state with the help of the blades and from the upper to the lower state with the help of springs. When the warp threads are to remain in the upper position according to the pattern, the sinkers are interlocked by electromagnets to form an undulating nozzle corresponding to the fabric pattern. By arranging the interlocking projections along the sinker, it is possible to match the density of the sinker to the density of the warp threads. Since the machine allows weaving of all known jacquard fabrics, the problem of not being able to produce weaves other than the rag foot weave, which is considered one of the major drawbacks of multiple shed weaving machines, has been solved