The optimal form of the scanning near-field optical microscopy probe

A theoretical approach to determine the optimal form of the near-field optical microscope probe is proposed. An analytical expression of the optimal probe form with subwavelength aperture has been obtained. The advantages of the probe with the optimal form are illustrated using numerical calculations. The conducted calculations show 10 times greater light throughput and the reception possibility of the more compactly localized light at the output probe aperture which could indicate better spatial resolution of the optical images in near-field optical technique using optimal probe.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figure

HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF MEDICAL LAW IN RUSSIA

Abstract. Health care as a set of measures of a political, socio-economic, scientific, medical and legal nature is aimed at preserving, maintaining and improving the health of each person, providing highly qualified and specialized therapeutic and preventive care. The article is devoted to the history of the development of medical law in Russia since the beginning of the 20th century. Scientific research is based on the materials recorded in the domestic and foreign legislative and doctrinal sources. When writing this paper, we used general scientific methods and private scientific (special) methods. We emphasized the importance of progressive development of the legislation in the field of healthcare during the Soviet period of historical development. We noted the influence of changes in the public and political life of the state on the legal doctrine and legislation. We substantiated the establishment of medical law as an independent branch of Russian law with regard to the formation of the World Health Organization as a specialized agency of the United Nations in 1946. We confirmed that many special laws were adopted in the field of health care in Russia due to the multifaceted political and socio-economic changes in the society as a whole, as well as the need for Russia's integration into the world community in the 1990s of the 20th century. We indicated that the acceleration in theformation of modern regulatory framework was put by the law enforcement practice with regard to an increase in the number of civil lawsuits for injury to health when seeking medical assistance, as well as improvement of the legal literacy of the population in the provision of medical services. We described the current state of Russian legislation in the field of health care and public health, consisting of a whole complex of the regulatory legal acts (federal laws (general and special), laws of the constituent entities of Russia and secondary legislation) determining the state policy in the field of health care and public health.Key words: medical law, health care, history, public health, medical assistance, legislation, the state

Arithmetic complexity via effective names for random sequences

We investigate enumerability properties for classes of sets which permit recursive, lexicographically increasing approximations, or left-r.e. sets. In addition to pinpointing the complexity of left-r.e. Martin-L\"{o}f, computably, Schnorr, and Kurtz random sets, weakly 1-generics and their complementary classes, we find that there exist characterizations of the third and fourth levels of the arithmetic hierarchy purely in terms of these notions. More generally, there exists an equivalence between arithmetic complexity and existence of numberings for classes of left-r.e. sets with shift-persistent elements. While some classes (such as Martin-L\"{o}f randoms and Kurtz non-randoms) have left-r.e. numberings, there is no canonical, or acceptable, left-r.e. numbering for any class of left-r.e. randoms. Finally, we note some fundamental differences between left-r.e. numberings for sets and reals

Structural Theory of Degrees of Unsolvability: Advances and Open Problems

© 2015, Springer Science+Business Media New York. Presented by the Program Committee of the Conference “Mal’tsev Readings

Definable relations in Turing degree structures

In this paper we investigate questions about the definability of classes of n-computably enumerable (c. e.) sets and degrees in the Ershov difference hierarchy. It is proved that the class of all c. e. sets is definable under the set inclusion ⊆ in all finite levels of the difference hierarchy. It is also proved the definability of all m-c. e. degrees in each higher level of the hierarchy. Besides, for each level n, n ≥ 2, of the hierarchy a definable non-trivial subset of n-c. e. degrees is established. © 2014 Allerton Press, Inc

METODA DIAGNOZOWANIA WYTRZYMAŁOŚCI MATERIAŁU WYPEŁNIAJĄCEGO Z WYKORZYSTANIEM SZEREGÓW CZASOWYCH

The method of forecasting of the filling concreting process according to the observational data of the stowing material’s state indices is carried out at earlier time series. The method of predicting the hardening process is based on pattern recognition methods. An algorithm for the case when the training set contains sets of time series of several classes is proposed.W pracy omówiono metodę prognozowania wypełnień w procesie betonowania, na podstawie danych obserwacyjnych stanu materiału sztauerskiego, w oparciu o zarejestrowane uprzednio szeregi czasowe. Zaproponowane rozwiązanie dotyczące procesu utwardzania bazuje na metodach rozpoznawania wzorców. Zaproponowano algorytm dla przypadku, gdy zestaw uczący zawiera zestawy szeregów czasowych dla kilku klas