Ankara-Sakarya Greenway Planning

Greenways have many distinct functions. The purposes of greenways may generally be described as the: protection of biological diversity, to establish connections between habitats, to supply the orientation of urban development and the development of recreational uses and tourism throughout rural and urban landscapes and also to preserve both historical and cultural sources and ecological assets. Greenway is the creation of an outdoor green zone, which atteches settlements to each other either in rural and urban environments and people with nature, and which may be considered as a connection between different settlements. Greenways are green connections in the form of linear parks, open spaces, protected nature reserves located within cities, or rural settlements, in which people will enjoy to be, and where they may carry out certain activities. Some of these may be at local scale, and some atregional or national scale. Some appear in towns-villages, some in cities, and some in both. While some greenways are used for recreational and tourism-related purposes, others may be used for ecological, aesthetical purposes or for the purpose of environmental management. The purpose of the Ankara-Sakarya Greenway proposal is to evaluate this national route consisting Ayaş, Beypazarı, Güdül, Çayırhan, Nallıhan, Göynük, Mudurnu, Taraklı and their close vicinity, which is extremely rich in terms of historical, natural and cultural assets, through an integrated planning approach. The successful examples of greenway planning, which allows various usages through approaching the natural and cultural environment as a whole, may be seen in American and European cities, particularly since recent years. When examples supported by the European Greenway Association, such as Krakow – Vienna Greenway Planning, Poland – Slovakia – Ukraine Green Way Planning, Amber Greenway Planning, etc., are examined, it can be clearly observed that greenways not only allow conscious decisions to be given concerning the sustainable usage of historical, cultural and natural sources, but also are important tools for regional development, they also enable the diversification of tourism and recreational usages. Furthermore, if public participation can be ensured during the inventory, planning, implementation and management stages of the effort, it would enable activities towards contributing to the improvement and orientation of the human resources capacity in the region. By the greenway that was proposed from Ankara to Sakarya, preservation and development of environmental, historical, cultural, natural and social assets of the area, it is aimed for the development of recreational usages throughout the rural and urban landscape, diversification of tourism, development of traditional values through approaching them with scientific methods, upon determining the agricultural production potential, and protection of historical, cultural and natural sources. Ankara - Sakarya Greenway Planning primarily involves the formation of a comprehensive inventory of the area’s natural, historical and cultural assets, through an integrated approach. Through the inventory study to be carried out concerning determined fields throughout the effort, the concept of greenway and the purpose and stages of the project was shared with the people to be affected from the application and public participation to the design of draft project was ensured. Another important purpose of the project, is to handle the Ankara-Sakarya Greenway Project, which is aimed to be conducted as a further comprehensive and international project by the work team in question, as a pioneer effort on the scale of the City of Ankara. The purpose is, to protect biological diversity in the area, which covers an important portion of the Silk Road, to establish connections between habitats, to develop recreational uses and tourism activities throughout the rural and urban landscape and to protect historical, cultural and ecological activities

GREENWAYS AND THE URBAN FORM: CITY OF ANKARA, TURKEY

A greenway is a linear open space established along either a natural corridor, such as a riverfront, stream valley, or ridgeline, or overland along a railroad right-of-way converted to recreational use, a canal, scenic rood, or other route. It is any natural or landscaped course for pedestrian or bicycle passage. An open-space connector linking parks, nature reserves, cultural features, or historic sites with each other and with populated areas (Little, 1995; Miller et al., 1998; Viles and Rosier, 2001). A greenway is a connector; a pattern of protected lands linking other protected lands such as natural features or historic sites into a greater whole. According to Fabos and Ahern (1996), greenways are urban riversides, recreational paths and trails, ecologically significant natural corridors, scenic and historic roads and comprehensive regional green infrastructures incorporating elements from all the previous four. The system can be defined as a connected and integrated system of mostly linear, rear-natural and cultural areas which remained as almost undeveloped corridors passing through the human-altered landscape. In the 1980’s, increased interest in open-space conservation converged with the growing popularity of outdoor recreation, resulting in many new greenway projects along with vigorous support across the country (Little, 1995). As the loss of open space has become increasingly apparent on the national level and particularly striking in many urban areas, interest in all types of land conservation has risen to an unprecedented level. At the same time, the cost of land in many places especially in metropolitan areas has continued to rise while federal funding for land conservation has plummeted. Land protection has thus become increasingly difficult in many parts of country. Greenways are a partial solution to this problem because they often require less than traditional, non linear parks, especially when recreation is the primary focus. One estimate put the number of greenways existing in the United States at 1989 at over 250. The actual number of greenways may be much higher, since many protected linear open spaces that lack organized management, administration, or publicity often go unrecognized. The term greenway can usually be applied to many linear open spaces that have, not traditionally been so named. Dozens of greenway projects are now under way across the country in urban, suburban and rural settings. Notable efforts with a strong recreational focus, but which also involve land protection, are taking place in San Francisco, where the Bay Trail and The Bay Area Ridge Trail trace concentric rings around San Francisco Bay; along the Chattanooga River in Chattanooga, Tennessee; from New York City to Albany and beyond along the Hudson River, and in Boston, where the Bay Circuit Trail encircles the metropolitan area much as Frederic Law Olmsted’s Emerald Necklace encircled the inner city over a century ago. Several coordinated urban greenway networks are now under way that stresses both recreation and conservation in cities like Boulder, Colorado; Davis, California; and North Carolina. The state of Maryland has launched a statewide greenways program that seeks to combine water resource and habitat protection. In Texas, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is working to secure a major wildlife corridor along 250 miles of the lower Rio Grande (Smith and Helmund, 1993)

Dini Fanatizm Tarafından Zarar Görmüş Kültürel Mirasların İrdelenmesi: Palmyra Antik Kenti Örneği

Palmyra, antik zamanlarda Suriye'nin önemli bir dini ve ticaret merkeziydi ve 1980'de UNESCO tarafından Dünya Mirası Listesi'ne dâhil edildi. Palmyra'nın kökeni, Neolitik Çağ'a kadar uzanmaktadır. "Çölün gelini" veya "çölün incisi" olarak bilinen, karavanlarla ziyaret edilen şehir, Roma İmparatorluğu döneminde en görkemli zamanlarını yaşamıştır. O zamanların refahı sayesinde birçok heykel ve anıtsal yapılar inşa edilmiştir. Lakin Mayıs 2015'ten beri Orta Doğu'yu terörize eden Irak Şam İslam Devleti (IŞİD) isimli terör örgütü, kente büyük zararlar vermektedir. Sözde İslami terör örgütleri tarafından bu mirasların yıkılması, bozulması ya da yok edilmesinin sebebi ise, bu yapıların İslamın reddettiği ikonlaştırmayı temsil etmeleri olarak gösterilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Palmyra Antik Kenti hakkında toplanan bilgiler ve yıkım öncesi ve sonrasındaki koşullar değerlendirilerek sorunun önemi vurgulanmıştır

Use of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in Therapeutic Gardens

Introduction: Today there is an accumulation of literature providing evidence for long and short term beneficial effects of living close to nature on various different health conditions ranging from psychological to physical disorders including depression, heart problems and diabetes. The results of these researches have given rise to the promotion of therapeutic gardens in outdoor spaces of healthcare establishments such as children's hospitals, assisted-Hying houses, rehabilitation centers, and hospices. Objective: Therapeutic gardens are outdoor garden spaces that meet the needs of the users mainly for their psychological well-being and healing. Our focus in this study is the use and maintenance of medicinal and aromatic plants in therapeutic gardens. Our objectives are to review the literature on this topic, categorize the role of medicinal and aromatic plants as a design element, and provide medicinal and aromatic plants design guidelines for therapeutic gardens. Methods: Entire literature on the topic are reviewed. A sense-system used to categorize medicinal and aromatic plants for therapeutic gardens with respect to the purpose of garden use. Results and Discussion: Design guidelines are created to aid the planning of medicinal and aromatic plants in therapeutic gardens. Conclusion: Consequently, it is given that aromatic plants are a good attempt to improve the healing environment of therapeutic gardens from an aesthetic as well as medicinal standpoint and our design guidelines provide the landscape designer with essential ingredients to efficiently incorporate medicinal and aromatic plants in designing therapeutic gardens.Publisher's Versio

Views of Nursing Students on Basic Medical Sciences Courses

Background Basic Medical Sciences courses are theoretical and applied courses given in health sciences usually in the first or second year. This study determined the views of nursing students on basic medical sciences courses. Methods 332 students in their 2nd, 3rd, and 4th years between 6 and 26 February 2017 participated in this cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study. Data was collected using a form prepared by the researchers according to literature, questioning their socio-demographic characteristics and views on basic medical sciences courses. In statistical evaluation percentages, mean values, standard deviation, and one-way ANOVA test were used. In statistical evaluation, the level of statistical significance was accepted to be P < 0.05. Results The students stated that the courses on pharmacology and anatomy contributed to nursing education most. The students felt most sufficient in the anatomy and physiology courses. 53.6% of the students stated that basic medical sciences courses should be given by academicians in the field of nursing, 59.6% stated that these courses should be given with the help of mannequins or models. 51.5% of the students suggested that these courses should be evaluated through tests while 26.8% suggested that evaluation should be done through laboratory application. Conclusion The students’ views on the necessity of basic medical sciences courses were insufficient and that the students didn’t see themselves as proficient in those courses. It is suggested that the importance of basic medical sciences courses should be stressed starting from the first year, that these courses should be applied courses, and students should be asked for feedback on the effectiveness of these courses