Prirodna hrana acipenser persicus gajenog u ribnjačkim jezerima

A study on live food in Acipenser persicus rearing ponds was carried out In four rearing ponds; two in the Shahid Beheshti hatchery and two ponds in the Yousefpour hatchery. Samples were collected from three points in each pond on a weekly basis. Samples were collected using plankton nets (mesh size 50 µm), Ruthner sampler and Ekman grab. Zooplankton and benthic samples were fixed in 4 % formalin solution for later analysis. Zooplankton species identified in water samples collected at all four ponds belonged mainly to two phyla; Arthropoda and Rotifera. Total abundance of zooplankton species was estimated 87576 individuals L-1 in the Yousefpour hatchery and 136626 individuals L-1 in the Shahid Beheshti hatchery. Insect larvae, oligochaeta worms and mollusks were found in the sediment samples collected from the Yousefpour hatchery while sediment samples collected from the Shahid Beheshti hatchery contained only insect larvae and oligochaeta worms. The total abundance of benthic organisms was 0.343 g m-2 in the Yousefpour hatchery and 1.28 g m-2 in the Shahid Beheshti hatchery. Condition factor in fishes ranged from 0.29-0.54 in the Yousefpour hatchery and from 0.30-0.47 in the Shahid Beheshti hatchery

Temporal change in maternal dietary intake during pregnancy and lactation between and within 2 pregnancy cohorts assembled in the United Kingdom

Background: The association between maternal and infant dietary exposures and risk of allergic disease development is an area of considerable scientific uncertainty. Objective: This study aims to compare dietary habits during pregnancy and lactation in two pre-birth cohorts from the same location approximately 10 years apart, a timeframe characterised by changes in government dietary advice. Methods: The FAIR cohort is an unselected birth cohort born between 2001-2002. The 3rd generation cohort was born between 2010-2018. Both cohorts were established on the Isle of Wight (UK) to investigate prevalence of allergic diseases. Nutrition and allergy data was collected prospectively from recruitment and throughout the infant’s early life. Here we present dietary data collected in the third trimester of pregnancy and at three months of age. Differences between cohorts were tested using t-tests, Wilcoxon rank sum tests, chi-squared and Fisher’s exact tests. Results: Data was available for 1331 participants (969 FAIR and 362 3rd generation). The proportion of mothers that reported excluding peanuts during pregnancy was significantly lower for the 3rd generation compared to the FAIR cohort (16.0% vs. 55.6%, p < 0.01). Cohort membership, primiparity, and maternal education were significantly associated with excluding peanuts during pregnancy (p < 0.01). The proportion of mothers who reported excluding any foods during breastfeeding was significantly lower for the 3rd generation compared to the FAIR cohort (22.8% vs. 43.4%, p < 0.01). Conclusion: Maternal exclusion of peanut during pregnancy was lower for mothers giving birth between 2012-2018, compared to mothers giving birth between 2001-2002

Organotin (IV) derivative of Piperic acid and Phenylthioacetic acid: Synthesis, Crystal structure, Spectroscopic characterizations and Biological activities

Three new organotin (IV) derivatives have been prepared from piperic and phenylthio acetic acids, the former is obtained by hydrolysis of piperine, which is extracted from black pepper. The three complexes {[n-Bu2SnO2C-(CH=CH)2-C7H5O2]2O}2 1, {[n-Bu2SnO2C-CH2-S-C6H4]2O}2 2, and [Ph3SnO2C-(CH=CH)2-C7H5O2]n 3, have been characterized by IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic techniques. Single crystal diffraction studies were made to determine the structures of the three compounds 1, 2 and 3. Compounds 1 and 2 crystallize in the triclinic system (P\-1), and the respective cell parameters (Å, °) [a = 10.4427 (19), b = 12.881 (2), c= 15.991 (3), a= 76.840 (7), b= 85.130 (6), g= 87.278 (6), and [a = 12.237 (3),  b = 12.580 (3),  c= 13.507 (3), a= 91.146 (8),  b= 104.916 (8), g= 111.307 (8)]. Compound 3 crystallizes in the Monoclinic system (P21/c) with the cell parameters (Å, °) [a= 12.982 (3), b= 11.282 (2), c= 18.528 (4) and b (°) = 108.572 (7)]. The title compounds were evaluated for their biological activities against a range of cancer cell lines (BT-474, MDA-MB-231, AU565), Chronic myeloid leukemia cell line (K562), Lung cancer cell line (H460) and normal cell line 3T3 mouse fibroblast. Especially complexes 1 and 3 (derivatives of the piperic acid), i.e. Pipericcarboxylate triphenyltin [Ph3SnO2C-(CH=CH) 2-C7H5O2]n and {[n-Bu2SnO2C-(CH=CH)2-C7H5O2]2O}2 were most active against all cancer cell lines. These compounds were also active against 3T3 normal cell line, but the IC50 values were high as compared to cancer cell lines

Folk Knowledge and Perceptions about the Use of Wild Fruits and Vegetables–Cross-Cultural Knowledge in the Pipli Pahar Reserved Forest of Okara, Pakistan

\ua9 2024 by the authors.Wild fruits and vegetables (WFVs) have been vital to local communities for centuries and make an important contribution to daily life and income. However, traditional knowledge of the use of wild fruits is at risk of being lost due to inadequate documentation. This study aimed to secure this knowledge through intermittent field visits and a semi-structured questionnaire. Using various ethnobotanical data analysis tools and SPSS (IBM 25), this study identified 65 WFV species (52 genera and 29 families). These species, mostly consumed as vegetables (49%) or fruits (43%), were predominantly herbaceous (48%) in wild and semi-wild habitats (67%). 20 WFVs were known to local communities (highest RFC), Phoenix sylvestris stood out as the most utilized species (highest UV). Surprisingly, only 23% of the WFVs were sold at markets. The survey identified 21 unique WFVs that are rarely documented for human consumption in Pakistan (e.g., Ehretia obtusifolia, Euploca strigosa, Brassica juncea, Cleome brachycarpa, Gymnosporia royleana, Cucumis maderaspatanus, Croton bonplandianus, Euphorbia prostrata, Vachellia nilotica, Pongamia pinnata, Grewia asiatica, Malvastrum coromandelianum, Morus serrata, Argemone mexicana, Bambusa vulgaris, Echinochloa colonum, Solanum virginianum, Physalis angulata, Withania somnifera, Zygophyllum creticum, and Peganum harmala), as well as 14 novel uses and five novel edible parts. Despite their ecological importance, the use of WFVs has declined because local people are unaware of their cultural and economic value. Preservation of traditional knowledge through education on conservation and utilization could boost economies and livelihoods in this and similar areas worldwide

Comparison of plankton and benthic organisms diversity and density in sturgeon hatcheries and assessing their effects on condition factor in sturgeon fingerlings

Phytoplankton and benthic organisms diversity and density were studied in six sturgeon rearing ponds in the Yousefpour and Shahid Beheshti hatcheries from 22 April to 1 July 2001. We used Ruttner sampler, plankton net with a mesh size of 50 microns and Ekman grab to sample the organisms on a weekly basis and fixed the samples in formalin solution 4% and then identified 22 genera of phytoplanktons for the three ponds in the Yousefpour hatchery and another 21 genera for the three ponds in the Shahid Beheshti hatchery. Planktons from the phyra Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta, Chrysophyta, Cryptophyta and Euglenophyta were present in the ponds. Schroederia sp. of the phyla Chlorophyta was the dominant species identified. We observed 2 x 106 and 1 x 106 cells of phytoplanktons per milliliter of pond water in the Yousefpour and Shahid Beheshti hatcheries respectively. The zooplankton phyla Arthropoda and Rotifera were represented with 9 genera in the two hatcheries showing a density of 36937 and 46603 zooplanktons per liter of water in the Yousefpour and Shahid Beheshti hatcheries respectively. Insect larvae and oligochaeta worms were the benthic organisms common to both hatcheries and mollusks were present only in the Yousefpour hatchery. The average benthic biomass was 1.58±0.19 and 2.16±0.75 g/m2 in the Yousefpour and Shahid Beheshti hatcheries respectively. The condition factor in sturgeon fingerlings of the Yousefpour hatchery varied from 0.294 to 0.554 while that of sturgeon fingerlings of the Shahid Beheshti hatchery were 0.297 to 0.6

Possibility of using fresh water rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus for feeding Persian sturgeon Acipenser persicus

Acipenser persicus, one of the native Species living in the southern part of the Caspian Sea, has high Percentage of larval mortality. Therefor to decrease the rate of mortality of larvae survival and to increase to regenerate properly during the active feeding process of fish larvae, while under artificial reproduction they were fed withe fresh water rotifer. Four types of feeding treatments were applied as follow: Treatment 1: Similar to normal process, first withe Artemia cyst then withe Daphnia Treatment 2: Mixture of Artemia, Rotifer and Daphnia; Treatment 3 freshwater Rotifera ;Treatment 4: fresh water Rotifer enriched with Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid- 6- Palmytat).Three replicates were used for each treatment. In the process of each observation 45 larvae in containers withe 100 liter capacity filled with 30 liters of water, after 8 days of external feeding process, were inspected closely, during which , they were under biometric measurement once every two days. Larvae were fed Four times a day at a rate of 25% of their body weight. The average temperature estimation was 22.5±0.5 centigrade, pH .of water being 85±0.1 while Oxygen proved to be 9.58±0.2 mg/l. At the end of the observation, the profile fatty acids of the remains were studied. The growth factors, the mouth size of the larvae and the expansion of the mouth size compared to the total length of the larvae during the whole observation were inspected. Credibility of data designated was examined by Shapiro Wilks test. Specific growth rate (SGR), weight growth (WG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were contemplated by one-way analysis test, and significant difference Tukey's test. The most notable diversity was evident between treatment 2, whose indicative factors were in the following order: 4.65± 0.06, 45.18±0.66, 4/48 ± 0/07 and treatment 4 whose indicative factors showed the following results: 10.47±0.04, 124.42±0.62, 1.51±0/008.For the determination of fatness rate and weight gains, Kruskal Valis and Man vit ni test were used .In this part of study , the highest diversity fatness appeared to be between treatment 4 ,reflecting 0.79±0.07 and treatment 2 showing the result 0.62±0.05.The highest gain was related to treatment 4, whit the rate of 99.33±0/68 mgr and the lowest gain occurred in treatment 2 white the rate 62.36 ± 0.65 mgr. This study also revealed that, the survival ratio connected with treatments 3 and 4, compared treatments 1 and 2, were significantly different. The profile of fatty acids also showed much higher percentage of PUFA and HUFA in treatments 3 and 4, than those in other treatments. Furthermore Brachionus calyciflorus proved to be a proper food supply for larvae. Therefore by building suitable pools next to the work side, other kinds of species fresh water rotifer could also be used as food improvements for feeding larvae

Heavy Quark Solitons: Strangeness and Symmetry Breaking

We discuss the generalization of the Callan-Klebanov model to the case of heavy quark baryons. The light flavor group is considered to be $SU(3)$ and the limit of heavy spin symmetry is taken. The presence of the Wess-Zumino-Witten term permits the neat development of a picture , at the collective level, of a light diquark bound to a ``heavy" quark with decoupled spin degree of freedom. The consequences of $SU(3)$ symmetry breaking are discussed in detail. We point out that the $SU(3)$ mass splittings of the heavy baryons essentially measure the ``low energy" physics once more and that the comparison with experiment is satisfactory.Comment: 17 pages, RevTEX. Minor typos corrected and new references adde