AN INSIGHT TO THE SYNTHETICALLY OBTAINED TRIAZOLE POSSESSING NUMEROUS BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES

Heterocyclic chemistry is fundamental to biology and medicine. It is not implausible to say that we are living in the age of heterocyclic chemistry. It constitutes a large group of organic molecules exhibiting a wide range of biological activities which is the basis of life and society. The majority of pharmaceutical products that mimic natural products with biological activity are heterocyclic in nature. Azoles, five-membered heterocyclic compounds with two or three nitrogen atoms, constitute a large group of organic substances exhibiting a wide range of biological activities. Triazole, a five-membered azole nucleus composed of three nitrogen atoms and two carbon atom is found to possess enormous biological activity such as anti-HIV, anti-HBV, antibacterial, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, CNS stimulant, antifungal and antituberculosis activities. Moreover, triazole nucleus is found in many drugs such as anastrozole, estazolam, ribavirin and triazolam. Here in this review article we have reported the recent development in the pharmacological activity of some newly synthesized triazole derivatives

An Evaluation of the Malaysian Padi and Rice Market Structure, Conduct and Performance

It has always been alleged that the padi market is monopoly-monopsonistic in structure, inclUding the traders to behave collusively and unethically, thus reaping excessively high profit margins. However, the market in reality is competitive but the existence of credit-tie has defied the benefits of a competitive market from being passed on to the farmers. The instability of the rice market and the pressure of the fixed minimum support and ceiling prices, forced the traders to indulge in various malpractices to maintain their profit margin. Though on the whole, the profit made by the traders is reasonable, the evidence of unethical behaviour suggests that the profit earned is higher than it should be under a fair marketing practic

Perbandingan pengkonsepan mengenai unsur kimia bagi pelajar Malaysia dan pelajar United Kingdom

Artikel melaporkan pengkonsepan pelajar sekolah menengah mengenai konsep unsur dan membandingkan dengan respon kajian yang dilaporkan oleh Briggs dan Holding (1986) yang dijalankan di United Kingdom. Sejumlah dua ratus orang pelajar tingkatan empat daripada enam bulah sekolah di daerah Johar Bahru lelah dipilih secara ramdom mudah untuk dibandingkan dengan respon pelajar gred 10 di United Kingdom. Instrumen kajian menggunakan soal selidik yang dibina oleh Briggs dan Holding. Dapatan menunjukkan bahawa ramai pelajar Malaysia dan United Kingdom mempunyai pengkonsepan alternatif terhadap konsep-konsep yang dikaji dan terdapat juga sedikit bukti yang menunjukkan perbezaan pengkonsepan antara pelajar Malaysia dan pelajar United Kindom dalam memahaminya. Diharap kajian ini akan membuka lembaran baru kepada penyelidik bagi mengkaji bagaimana pelajar memamahi konsep-konsep sains yang sukar daripada perspektif bahasa dan budaya

Negative Selection in Social Insects

Eusociality, characterized by cooperative brood care, and reproductive division of labor, evolved independently in insects. The evolution of eusociality has been hypothesized to lead to differences in the extent of both positive and negative selection. While population genomics studies of eusocial insects have so far focused on positive selection, there have been fewer studies on negative selection in social insects, and its relationship to the evolution of caste-biased genes. To address this knowledge gap, our research estimated the extent of negative selection in honey bees, bumblebees, and paper wasps. We show a significant negative correlation between increasing social complexity and negative selection, suggesting effective population size affects the strength of negative selection. We identified a significantly stronger negative selection in queen traits relative to worker traits in honey bees. Lastly, we observe stronger negative selection in drone traits relative to queen traits in honeybees, possible due to the haplodiploidy system

LTE-advanced, and the way forward

Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-Advanced) is the next step in LTE evolution and allows operators to improve network performance and service capabilities through smooth deployment of new techniques and technologies. LTE-Advanced uses some new features on top of the existing LTE standards and protocols to provide better user experience and higher throughputs. Some of the most significant features introduced in LTE-Advanced are carrier aggregation, enhancements in heterogeneous networks, coordinated multi-point transmission and reception, enhanced Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) usage and deployment of relay nodes in the radio network. This paper presents an overview of the key features and functionalities of the LTE-Advanced radio access network supported by simulation results, and provides discussion on the current challenges, roadmap and the way forward from LTE-Advanced toward future mobile communications systems

Exploiting peer group concept for adaptive and highly available services

This paper presents a prototype for redundant, highly available and fault tolerant peer to peer framework for data management. Peer to peer computing is gaining importance due to its flexible organization, lack of central authority, distribution of functionality to participating nodes and ability to utilize unused computational resources. Emergence of GRID computing has provided much needed infrastructure and administrative domain for peer to peer computing. The components of this framework exploit peer group concept to scope service and information search, arrange services and information in a coherent manner, provide selective redundancy and ensure availability in face of failure and high load conditions. A prototype system has been implemented using JXTA peer to peer technology and XML is used for service description and interfaces, allowing peers to communicate with services implemented in various platforms including web services and JINI services. It utilizes code mobility to achieve role interchange among services and ensure dynamic group membership. Security is ensured by using Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) to implement group level security policies for membership and service access.Comment: The Paper Consists of 5 pages, 6 figures submitted in Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics, 24-28 March 2003 La Jolla California. CHEP0

Do Online Courses Provide an Equal Educational Value Compared to In-Person Classroom Teaching? Evidence from US Survey Data using Quantile Regression

Education has traditionally been classroom-oriented with a gradual growth of online courses in recent times. However, the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically accelerated the shift to online classes. Associated with this learning format is the question: what do people think about the educational value of an online course compared to a course taken in-person in a classroom? This paper addresses the question and presents a Bayesian quantile analysis of public opinion using a nationally representative survey data from the United States. Our findings show that previous participation in online courses and full-time employment status favor the educational value of online courses. We also find that the older demographic and females have a greater propensity for online education. In contrast, highly educated individuals have a lower willingness towards online education vis-\`a-vis traditional classes. Besides, covariate effects show heterogeneity across quantiles which cannot be captured using probit or logit models.Comment: 20 pages, 1 figur

Role Of Total Quality Management In Service Innovations: An Empirical Study Of Pakistans Financial Services Firms

This empirical study examines the relationship between total quality management (TQM) and service innovation as well as the relationship between service innovation and service quality in the Pakistans financial services industry. Most of the past research linked innovation performance with subjective performance of the firm. But, this study empirically evaluates the effect of innovation performance on firms judgmental performance (Service quality).There were 190 respondents from financial service firms in Pakistan. Multiple regression analysis was used to observe the connection between TQM, service innovation practices and service quality. A model is proposed based on theoretical considerations, connecting TQM constructs to the service innovation and to the service quality construct. The theoretical construct explains the connection among TQM practices, service innovation practices and service quality. The tri-dimensional relationship bridges the gap between TQM, service innovation and service quality and shows the importance of TQM in explaining the relationship between service innovation and service quality. This research also integrates the connection among TQM implementation, Service innovation practices and service quality. Data analysis shows that TQM implementation has a positive and significant impact on service innovation as well service quality. It has contributed in confirming that TQM practices deployed in a financial service firm in Pakistan has positive impact on service innovation and service quality

Interlinking Service Delivery Innovation And Service Quality: A Conceptual Framework

The purpose of writing this paper is to present the relationship between service delivery innovation and service quality in service organizations and to establish a research conceptual framework about this relationship. There are few studies that illustrate the relationship between service delivery innovation and its impact on service quality. This paper theoretically examines the antecedents and consequences of service delivery innovation and its influence on service quality. Authors suggest that customer service is an important mediator between service delivery innovation and service quality which affects the service quality of a firm. The recommended framework and its relationships with service quality present practical guidance for service managers to observe their service delivery in an effort to improve service quality by delivering superior customer service for their customers in a distinctive manner that leads to enhances firm’s competitiveness