Growth Control of Microbial in Miscible Cutting Fluids Using Ultraviolet Radiation

Considering the issues involved in industrial cutting and machining systems, and, in particular, the problems arising from the use of cutting fluids in these systems, this study presents the results of an analysis that points to a safe and efficient way to reduce contaminated microbial cutting fluids using ultraviolet radiation. The study proposes a transmitter system of simple ultraviolet radiation, safe and easy to obtain. The results of this study showed that the action of ultraviolet radiation on microorganisms in metalworking fluids is very effective and leads to a significant reduction of the load of microorganisms. In addition, no changes were observed during the experimental period that would lead to impairments in the performance of the activities of the cutting fluid used. Given the results, we can conclude that the use of ultraviolet radiation in the prevention and control of contamination is an important contribution to the durability of cutting fluids in machining and grinding operations

AMΦ from BALB/c mice display higher production of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) than AMΦ from Swiss mice after 7 days of <i>R</i>. <i>oryzae</i> pulmonary infection.

(A) Total fungal load. (B) NO, (C) H2O2, (D) TNF-α, and (E) IL-10 levels in cell-free supernatants of AMΦ from Swiss or BALB/c mice co-cultured with heat-killed spores of R. oryzae. The infected group comprised mice inoculated intratracheally with 2 ×106 spores of R. oryzae and evaluated after 7 and 30 days. Significant differences relative to infected samples compared to different times post-infection (letters) and to different strains (*) are indicated. Student´s t-test; n = 5–7; *p < 0.05, **p< 0.01, ***p< 0.001.</p

Increased PMΦ production of H₂O₂ by peritoneal macrophages (PMΦ) at the end of disseminated infection is related to efficient fungal clearance in BALB/c mice.

(A) Total fungal load (B) Nitric oxide (NO), (C) hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), (D) tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and (E) interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels in cell-free supernatants of PMΦ from Swiss or BALB/c mice co-cultured with heat-killed spores of R. oryzae. Linear regression analysis between H2O2 levels and total fungal load in BALB/c (F) and Swiss (G) mice. The infected group was composed of mice inoculated intravenously with 3 × 104 spores of R. oryzae and evaluated after 7 and 30 days. Any significant differences relative to infected samples compared to different times post-infection (letters) and different strains (*) are indicated. Student’s t-test; n = 5–7; *p < 0.05, **p< 0.01, ***p< 0.001.</p

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Peritoneal and alveolar macrophages from naïve Swiss and BALB/c mice react differently to heat-killed <i>R</i>. <i>oryzae</i>.

(A) Nitric oxide (NO), (B) hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), (C) tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and (D) interleukin 10 (IL-10) levels in cell-free supernatants of peritoneal macrophages (PMΦ). (E) NO (F) H2O2, and (G) TNF-α levels in cell-free supernatants of alveolar macrophages (AMΦ) of non-infected Swiss, and BALB/c mice co-cultured or not co-cultured with heat-killed spores of R. oryzae. Student’s t-test; n = 5–7; *p < 0.05, **p< 0.01, ***p< 0.001.</p