840 research outputs found
Vegetation Structure of Mangrove Ecosystems in Panama
Mangroves provide important habitat for terrestrial and marine wildlife. They buffer shorelines from flooding and sequester excess nutrients and pollutants in runoff before reaching rivers and oceans. Mangroves provide a wintering habitat for migratory bird species. These habitats are being rapidly lost to coastal development. This research focused on assessing the vegetation structure of mangrove ecosystems in Panama
Electromagnetic proton form factors in large QCD
The electromagnetic form factors of the proton are obtained using a
particular realization of QCD in the large limit (),
which sums up the infinite number of zero-width resonances to yield an Euler's
Beta function (Dual-). The form factors and
, as well as agree very well with reanalyzed space-like
data in the whole range of momentum transfer. In addition, the predicted ratio
is in good agreement with recent polarization transfer
measurements at Jefferson Lab.Comment: 10 page
Neutron Structure Functions
Neutron structure functions can be extracted from proton and deuteron data
and a representation of the deuteron structure. This procedure does not require
DIS approximations or quark structure assumptions. We find that the results
depend critically on properly accounting for the Q^2 dependence of proton and
deuteron data. We interpolate the data to fixed Q^2, and extract the ratio of
neutron to proton structure functions. The extracted ratio decreases with
increasing x, up to x \approx 0.9, while there are no data available to
constrain the behavior at larger x.Comment: 16 pages, 6 figure
Reporting Evaluation Results of Extension Programs 1
The literature on reporting evaluation results reveals there are but a few hard and fast rules about how one should accomplish this task. However, the literature does provide many suggestions that appear to be logical in most reporting situations. This document will discuss steps that should help one report evaluation findings effectively to various audiences. AUDIENCES OF EVALUATION RESULTS It is important for the evaluator or the educator (they may be the same) to deliberately identify those who can make use of the evaluation results. This includes people in supervision, administration, program participants, advisory groups and funders of the program, both private and public. The general public are important stakeholders if the program is supported by public funds. Lobbyists and aides to public policy and decision makers are key people to keep informed of program results. METHODS USED TO COMMUNICATE EVALUATION RESULTS Evaluation reports are generally communicated either orally or in some written report. Whichever method you choose to use, there are several factors that should be considered before the report is prepared. Audience Learn as much as possible about your audience. Most people can be divided into "readers" or "listeners," and some are both. Have some understanding of the amount of knowledge the audience has of the program. Different audiences want different information; know who wants what. Consider the education level of your audience. Keep in mind the cultural background of those interested in the report. The audience's profession or occupation is a key to enhancing understandability of the report. Credibility Data should be objective. Data should tell what was found. Cover the major points only. Presentation Good speaking and writing skills should be used but be yourself. Organize the report in a format that is easy to follow. Data Present data in a way that the audience can understand what was found. Report On the Most Important The busy administrator or policy maker generally is not interested in listening to or reading about all the details of a program. Therefore, report on the most important programs and/or the most important parts of a program (Kuipers, 1992). Report Often Many programs are complex and have many components. Many public agencies have several different programs. Again, according to SPECIFIC METHODS OF REPORTING Reporting with formal documents seems to be the most widely used means to communicate evaluation results. Other methods of communicating evaluation results in writing include the use of newspapers and magazines. For example, Extension agents might utilize a newspaper column to communicate to the general public the success of a local program. An exhibit using posters, with written information and pictures revealing before and after conditions, is also an excellent way to report evaluation results
Wroclaw neutrino event generator
A neutrino event generator developed by the Wroclaw Neutrino Group is
described. The physical models included in the generator are discussed and
illustrated with the results of simulations. The considered processes are
quasi-elastic scattering and pion production modelled by combining the
resonance excitation and deep inelastic scattering.Comment: Talk given at 2nd Scandanavian Neutrino Workshop (SNOW 2006),
Stockholm, Sweden, 2-6 May 2006. 3 pages, 6 figure
Two-Boson Exchange Physics: A Brief Review
Current status of the two-boson exchange contributions to elastic
electron-proton scattering, both for parity conserving and parity-violating, is
briefly reviewed. How the discrepancy in the extraction of elastic nucleon form
factors between unpolarized Rosenbluth and polarization transfer experiments
can be understood, in large part, by the two-photon exchange corrections is
discussed. We also illustrate how the measurement of the ratio between
positron-proton and electron-proton scattering can be used to differentiate
different models of two-photon exchange. For the parity-violating
electron-proton scattering, the interest is on how the two-boson exchange
(TBE), \gamma Z-exchange in particular, could affect the extraction of the
long-sought strangeness form factors. Various calculations all indicate that
the magnitudes of effect of TBE on the extraction of strangeness form factors
is small, though can be large percentage-wise in certain kinematics.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, prepared for Proceedings of the fifth
Asia-Pacific Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics (APFB2011), Seoul,
Korea, August 22-26, 2011, to appear in Few-Body Systems, November 201
All electromagnetic form factors
The electromagnetic form factors of spin-1/2 particles are known, but due to
historical reasons only half of them are found in many textbooks. Given the
importance of the general result, its model independence, its connection to
discrete symmetries and their violations we made an effort to derive and
present the general result based only on the knowledge of Dirac equation. We
discuss the phenomenology connected directly with the form factors, and spin
precession in external fields including time reversal violating terms. We apply
the formalism to spin-flip synchrotron radiation and suggest pedagogical
projects.Comment: Latex, 22 page
Hadrons in the Nuclear Medium
Quantum Chromodynamics, the microscopic theory of strong interactions, has
not yet been applied to the calculation of nuclear wave functions. However, it
certainly provokes a number of specific questions and suggests the existence of
novel phenomena in nuclear physics which are not part of the the traditional
framework of the meson-nucleon description of nuclei. Many of these phenomena
are related to high nuclear densities and the role of color in nucleonic
interactions. Quantum fluctuations in the spatial separation between nucleons
may lead to local high density configurations of cold nuclear matter in nuclei,
up to four times larger than typical nuclear densities. We argue here that
experiments utilizing the higher energies available upon completion of the
Jefferson Laboratory energy upgrade will be able to probe the quark-gluon
structure of such high density configurations and therefore elucidate the
fundamental nature of nuclear matter. We review three key experimental
programs: quasi-elastic electro-disintegration of light nuclei, deep inelastic
scattering from nuclei at , and the measurement of tagged structure
functions. These interrelated programs are all aimed at the exploration of the
quark structure of high density nuclear configurations.
The study of the QCD dynamics of elementary hard processes is another
important research direction and nuclei provide a unique avenue to explore
these dynamics. We argue that the use of nuclear targets and large values of
momentum transfer at would allow us to determine whether the physics of the
nucleon form factors is dominated by spatially small configurations of three
quarks.Comment: 52 pages IOP style LaTex file and 20 eps figure
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