Track E Implementation Science, Health Systems and Economics

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138412/1/jia218443.pd

Effect of Skin Sensitizers on Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression and Nitric Oxide Production in Skin Dendritic Cells: Role of Different Immunosuppressive Drugs

Nitric oxide (NO) is involved in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions, namely in allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). However, the mechanism by which NO acts in ACD remains elusive. The present study focuses on the effects of different contact sensitizers (2,4-dinitrofluorbenzene, 1,4-phenylenediamine, nickel sulfate), the inactive analogue of DNFB, 2,4-dichloronitrobenzene, and two irritants (sodium dodecyl sulphate and benzalkonium chloride) on the expression of the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and NO production in skin dendritic cells. It was also studied the role of different immunosuppressive drugs on iNOS expression and NO production. Only nickel sulfate increased the expression of iNOS and NO production being these effects inhibited by dexamathasone. In contrast, cyclosporin A and sirolimus, two other immunosuppressive drugs tested, did not affect iNOS expression triggered by nickel

What's wrong with democracy at the moment, and why it matters for research and education

The article provides historical and political background to contemporary issues facing education and research. In doing so, it argues that there has been a fundamental inversion of democracy. What this means is that instead of democracy providing a political framework for the voices of people, it is employed as a cover for the interests of the wealthy. The article explores this inversion, drawing upon the theoretical insights of the Annaliste school of history and its contemporary expression in the work of such people as David Harvey and Immanuel Wallerstein. It is argued that, rather than an effective public historically emerging, there is what Walter Lipmann in 1927 called a 'phantom public' whose views, beliefs and conduct are open to manipulation. He called it the 'manufacture of consent'. The article explores the implications of the transformations of the economic and political scenes in conjunction with this shaping of public opinion for both research and education