KCS34 evaluation for WHR in cement industry

The simple Kalina cycle system 34 (KCS34)- has been studied to perform energy cogeneration from the waste heat recovery (WHR) in preheater cement industries. The preheater available energy was considered from a 5000 tc/day cement production capacity. Thermodynamic and simplified exergoeconomic models were developed in the Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software. Several cycle thermodynamic parameters as ammonia-water mixture concentration and turbine operating pressure were wide-ranging in order to maximize the cycle thermal efficiency aiming to minimize the electricity generation cost. The temperature-entropy KCS34schematics were shown for different best results aiming to understand which set of parameters targets the maximum KCS34performance. The produced power, the thermal cycle efficiency, the exergetic efficiency and the exergoeconomic electricity specific cost were plotted for the different ranges of the independent parameters. The optimum results for a range specific investment price were presented. The main conclusions indicate that in the range of the studied parameters the turbine operating pressure caused a generated power variation greater than the ammonia-water mixture concentration in the KCS34performance. It was also possible to conclude that the KCS34is competitive with the existing electricity prices. In this case the KC proved to be applicable for WHR in the cement industry

Experimental Determination of the Convective Coefficient of Heat Transfer Using the Global Capacitance Method

The heat transfer coefficient (h) is an extremely important variable in the evaluation of convective heat transfer, however, its determination is a great challenge due to the various factors that influence it: fluid viscosity, fluid density, specific heat of the fluid, thermal conductivity of the fluid, coefficient of volumetric expansion, fluid velocity. The objective of this work is the experimental determination of the convective heat transfer coefficient by means of the global capacitance method. Three test bodies, two cylindrical bodies and one spherical body were used. These specimens were individually heated in a stove, and heating was monitored by means of a thermocouple and a data logger. The results showed a good concordance between the values of h obtained experimentally and the literature

The immunogenetic diversity of the HLA system in Mexico correlates with underlying population genetic structure

We studied HLA class I (HLA-A, -B) and class II (HLA-DRB1, -DQB1) allele groups and alleles by PCR-SSP based typing in a total of 15,318 mixed ancestry Mexicans from all the states of the country divided into 78 sample sets, providing information regarding allelic and haplotypic frequencies and their linkage disequilibrium, as well as admixture estimates and genetic substructure. We identified the presence of 4268 unique HLA extended haplotypes across Mexico and find that the ten most frequent (HF > 1%) HLA haplotypes with significant linkage disequilibrium (Δ’≥0.1) in Mexico (accounting for 20% of the haplotypic diversity of the country) are of primarily Native American ancestry (A*02~B*39~DRB1*04~DQB1*03:02, A*02~B*35~DRB1*08~DQB1*04, A*68~B*39~DRB1*04~DQB1*03:02, A*02~B*35~DRB1*04~DQB1*03:02, A*24~B*39~DRB1*14~DQB1*03:01, A*24~B*35~DRB1*04~DQB1*03:02, A*24~B*39~DRB1*04~DQB1*03:02, A*02~B*40:02~DRB1*04~DQB1*03:02, A*68~B*35~DRB1*04~DQB1*03:02, A*02~B*15:01~DRB1*04~DQB1*03:02). Admixture estimates obtained by a maximum likelihood method using HLA-A/-B/-DRB1 as genetic estimators revealed that the main genetic components in Mexico as a whole are Native American (ranging from 37.8% in the northern part of the country to 81.5% in the southeastern region) and European (ranging from 11.5% in the southeast to 62.6% in northern Mexico). African admixture ranged from 0.0 to 12.7% not following any specific pattern. We were able to detect three major immunogenetic clusters correlating with genetic diversity and differential admixture within Mexico: North, Central and Southeast, which is in accordance with previous reports using genome-wide data. Our findings provide insights into the population immunogenetic substructure of the whole country and add to the knowledge of mixed ancestry Latin American population genetics, important for disease association studies, detection of demographic signatures on population variation and improved allocation of public health resources.1 Introduction 2 Subjects, materials and methods 2.1 Subjects 2.2 HLA typing 2.3 Statistical analysis 2.3.1 HLA allelic and haplotypic diversity 2.3.2 Admixture proportions calculations 2.3.3 Genetic diversity and genetic substructure assessment 3 Results 3.1 HLA allele groups 3.2 Haplotypic diversity 3.3 Admixture estimates 3.4 Genetic diversity and genetic substructure assessment 4 Discussion 4.1 Admixture estimates in Mexican populations and immunogenetic diversity 4.2 The Native American immunogenetic component in Mexican populations 4.3 Implications of the study of alleles and haplotypes of the HLA system in Mexican populations and final considerations 5 Conclusio

Cardiac myosin activation with omecamtiv mecarbil in systolic heart failure

BACKGROUND The selective cardiac myosin activator omecamtiv mecarbil has been shown to improve cardiac function in patients with heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction. Its effect on cardiovascular outcomes is unknown. METHODS We randomly assigned 8256 patients (inpatients and outpatients) with symptomatic chronic heart failure and an ejection fraction of 35% or less to receive omecamtiv mecarbil (using pharmacokinetic-guided doses of 25 mg, 37.5 mg, or 50 mg twice daily) or placebo, in addition to standard heart-failure therapy. The primary outcome was a composite of a first heart-failure event (hospitalization or urgent visit for heart failure) or death from cardiovascular causes. RESULTS During a median of 21.8 months, a primary-outcome event occurred in 1523 of 4120 patients (37.0%) in the omecamtiv mecarbil group and in 1607 of 4112 patients (39.1%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.86 to 0.99; P = 0.03). A total of 808 patients (19.6%) and 798 patients (19.4%), respectively, died from cardiovascular causes (hazard ratio, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.92 to 1.11). There was no significant difference between groups in the change from baseline on the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire total symptom score. At week 24, the change from baseline for the median N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide level was 10% lower in the omecamtiv mecarbil group than in the placebo group; the median cardiac troponin I level was 4 ng per liter higher. The frequency of cardiac ischemic and ventricular arrhythmia events was similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Among patients with heart failure and a reduced ejection, those who received omecamtiv mecarbil had a lower incidence of a composite of a heart-failure event or death from cardiovascular causes than those who received placebo. (Funded by Amgen and others; GALACTIC-HF ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02929329; EudraCT number, 2016 -002299-28.)