Resignificación de la experiencia de vida en adultos mayores afectados por tres tipos de desastre en Chile

In diesem Beitrag befassen wir uns mit der Analyse krisenhafter Lebensumstände für ältere Menschen. Wir gehen dabei davon aus, dass diese Umstände eine Umbewertung von Lebenserfahrungen aufseiten dieser Personengruppe nach sich ziehen, d.h. wir verstehen "Umbewertung" als einen Prozess, Lebensweisen nach Krisen neu auszurichten. Mittels einer inhaltsanalytischen Herangehensweise und unter Nutzung der Methode des ständigen Vergleichens haben wir die Erzählungen älterer Menschen mit Blick auf drei Arten von Naturkatastrophen untersucht: Umweltverschmutzung, Erdbeben und Vulkanausbrüche. Die Ergebnisse helfen, den Prozess der Umbewertung nach Krisen besser verstehen zu können.URN: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs160174In the present article we develop an analysis of the effects of crisis situations on older adults. We do this with the understanding that these types of events promote a re-signification of life experiences in this population. For the purposes of this study “re-signification” refers to a process of reassessing the ways of living as a response to a crisis. Through a content analysis and the constant comparative method, we analyzed the narratives of older adults affected by three kinds of disasters: environmental pollution, earthquake, and volcanic eruption. The results invite us to survey the re-signification process produced following these types of crisis situations.URN: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs160174El presente artículo desarrolla un análisis sobre los efectos que tienen en un grupo de adultos mayores chilenos, tres tipos de desastres. Dichos eventos, generan una resignificación de la experiencia de vida en los adultos mayores, en cuanto se presentan como eventos disruptivos que afectan su existencia y su posición en el mundo. De esta manera, surge la resignificación de sus redes y sentidos de vida. Por medio de un análisis de contenido, y utilizando algunos de los aportes del método comparativo constante, se analizan los discursos de los adultos mayores afectados por tres tipos de desastres: contaminación ambiental, terremoto y erupción volcánica. Los resultados nos invitan a observar los procesos de resignificación valorativa que se producen a raíz de estos eventos disruptivos.URN: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs16017

Resignificación de la experiencia de vida en adultos mayores afectados por tres tipos de desastre en Chile

El presente artículo desarrolla un análisis sobre los efectos que tienen en un grupo de adultos mayores chilenos, tres tipos de desastres. Dichos eventos, generan una resignificación de la experiencia de vida en los adultos mayores, en cuanto se presentan como eventos disruptivos que afectan su existencia y su posición en el mundo. De esta manera, surge la resignificación de sus redes y sentidos de vida. Por medio de un análisis de contenido, y utilizando algunos de los aportes del método comparativo constante, se analizan los discursos de los adultos mayores afectados por tres tipos de desastres: contaminación ambiental, terremoto y erupción volcánica. Los resultados nos invitan a observar los procesos de resignificación valorativa que se producen a raíz de estos eventos disruptivos.In the present article we develop an analysis of the effects of crisis situations on older adults. We do this with the understanding that these types of events promote a re-signification of life experiences in this population. For the purposes of this study "re-signification" refers to a process of reassessing the ways of living as a response to a crisis. Through a content analysis and the constant comparative method, we analyzed the narratives of older adults affected by three kinds of disasters: environmental pollution, earthquake, and volcanic eruption. The results invite us to survey the re-signification process produced following these types of crisis situations. (author's abstract)In diesem Beitrag befassen wir uns mit der Analyse krisenhafter Lebensumstände für ältere Menschen. Wir gehen dabei davon aus, dass diese Umstände eine Umbewertung von Lebenserfahrungen aufseiten dieser Personengruppe nach sich ziehen, d.h. wir verstehen "Umbewertung" als einen Prozess, Lebensweisen nach Krisen neu auszurichten. Mittels einer inhaltsanalytischen Herangehensweise und unter Nutzung der Methode des ständigen Vergleichens haben wir die Erzählungen älterer Menschen mit Blick auf drei Arten von Naturkatastrophen untersucht: Umweltverschmutzung, Erdbeben und Vulkanausbrüche. Die Ergebnisse helfen, den Prozess der Umbewertung nach Krisen besser verstehen zu können. (Autorenreferat

Gravitational deformation and inherited structural control on slope morphology in the subduction zone of north-central Chile (ca. 29-33 degrees S)

Subduction zones provide direct insight into plate boundary deformation and by studying these areas we better understand tectonic processes and variability over time. We studied the structure of the offshore subduction zone system of the Pampean flat-slab segment (ca. 29-33 degrees S) of the Chilean margin using seismic and bathymetric constraints. Here, we related and analysed the structural styles of the offshore and onshore western fore-arc. Overlying the acoustic top of the continental basement, two syn-extensional seismic sequences were recognised and correlated with onshore geological units and the Valparaiso Forearc Basin seismic sequences: (SII) Pliocene-Pleistocene and (SI) Miocene-Pliocene (Late Cretaceous (?) to Miocene-Pliocene) syn-extensional sequences. These sequences are separated by an unconformity (i.e. Valparaiso Unconformity). Seismic reflection data reveal that the eastward dipping extensional system (EI) recognised at the upper slope can be extended to the middle slope and controlled the accumulation of the older seismic package (SI). The westward dipping extensional system (EII) is essentially restricted to the middle slope. Here, EII cuts the eastward dipping extensional system (EI), preferentially parallel to the inclination of the older sequences (SI), and controlled a series of middle slope basins which are filled by the Pliocene-Pleistocene seismic sequence (SII). At the upper slope and in the western Coastal Cordillera, the SII sequence is controlled by eastward dipping faults (EII) which are the local reactivation of older extensional faults (EI). The tectonic boundary between the middle (eastern outermost forearc block) and upper continental slope (western coastal block) is a prominent system of trenchward dipping normal fault scarps (ca. 1 km offset) that resemble a major trenchward dipping extensional fault system. This prominent structural feature can be readily detected along the Chilean erosive margin as well as the two extensional sets (EI and EII). Evidence of slumping, thrusting, reactivated faults and mass transport deposits, were recognised in the slope domain and locally restricted to some eastern dipping faults. These features could be related to gravitational effects or slope deformation due to coseismic deformation. The regional inclination of the pre-Pliocene sequences favoured the gravitational collapse of the outermost forearc block. We propose that the structural configuration of the study area is dominantly controlled by tectonic erosion as well as the uplift of the Coastal Cordillera, which is partially controlled by pre-Pliocene architecture.Chilean National Science Cooperation (CONICYT) Chilean National Science Foundation (FONDECYT) 1130004 Chilean CEGA FONDAP CONICYT 1509001

Ticagrelor in patients with diabetes and stable coronary artery disease with a history of previous percutaneous coronary intervention (THEMIS-PCI) : a phase 3, placebo-controlled, randomised trial

Background: Patients with stable coronary artery disease and diabetes with previous percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), particularly those with previous stenting, are at high risk of ischaemic events. These patients are generally treated with aspirin. In this trial, we aimed to investigate if these patients would benefit from treatment with aspirin plus ticagrelor. Methods: The Effect of Ticagrelor on Health Outcomes in diabEtes Mellitus patients Intervention Study (THEMIS) was a phase 3 randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial, done in 1315 sites in 42 countries. Patients were eligible if 50 years or older, with type 2 diabetes, receiving anti-hyperglycaemic drugs for at least 6 months, with stable coronary artery disease, and one of three other mutually non-exclusive criteria: a history of previous PCI or of coronary artery bypass grafting, or documentation of angiographic stenosis of 50% or more in at least one coronary artery. Eligible patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to either ticagrelor or placebo, by use of an interactive voice-response or web-response system. The THEMIS-PCI trial comprised a prespecified subgroup of patients with previous PCI. The primary efficacy outcome was a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (measured in the intention-to-treat population). Findings: Between Feb 17, 2014, and May 24, 2016, 11 154 patients (58% of the overall THEMIS trial) with a history of previous PCI were enrolled in the THEMIS-PCI trial. Median follow-up was 3·3 years (IQR 2·8–3·8). In the previous PCI group, fewer patients receiving ticagrelor had a primary efficacy outcome event than in the placebo group (404 [7·3%] of 5558 vs 480 [8·6%] of 5596; HR 0·85 [95% CI 0·74–0·97], p=0·013). The same effect was not observed in patients without PCI (p=0·76, p interaction=0·16). The proportion of patients with cardiovascular death was similar in both treatment groups (174 [3·1%] with ticagrelor vs 183 (3·3%) with placebo; HR 0·96 [95% CI 0·78–1·18], p=0·68), as well as all-cause death (282 [5·1%] vs 323 [5·8%]; 0·88 [0·75–1·03], p=0·11). TIMI major bleeding occurred in 111 (2·0%) of 5536 patients receiving ticagrelor and 62 (1·1%) of 5564 patients receiving placebo (HR 2·03 [95% CI 1·48–2·76], p<0·0001), and fatal bleeding in 6 (0·1%) of 5536 patients with ticagrelor and 6 (0·1%) of 5564 with placebo (1·13 [0·36–3·50], p=0·83). Intracranial haemorrhage occurred in 33 (0·6%) and 31 (0·6%) patients (1·21 [0·74–1·97], p=0·45). Ticagrelor improved net clinical benefit: 519/5558 (9·3%) versus 617/5596 (11·0%), HR=0·85, 95% CI 0·75–0·95, p=0·005, in contrast to patients without PCI where it did not, p interaction=0·012. Benefit was present irrespective of time from most recent PCI. Interpretation: In patients with diabetes, stable coronary artery disease, and previous PCI, ticagrelor added to aspirin reduced cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and stroke, although with increased major bleeding. In that large, easily identified population, ticagrelor provided a favourable net clinical benefit (more than in patients without history of PCI). This effect shows that long-term therapy with ticagrelor in addition to aspirin should be considered in patients with diabetes and a history of PCI who have tolerated antiplatelet therapy, have high ischaemic risk, and low bleeding risk