Instituciones, estructura económica y política económica: ¿Qué hay detrás de la inflación en América Latina?

In this paper we examine the importance of institutional arrangements and factors related to the economic structure to explain inflation outcomes in Latin America. We perform a dynamic panel data analysis with an ample set of variables that allowed us to consider the temporal dimension of the data, and to control for endogeneity. Results lead us to believe that institutional arrangements – other than central bank independence – have played an important role in terms of inflation outcomes in Latin America. Variables that may affect inflation via time consistency problems seem somewhat more relevant than those suggested by optimal tax considerations. In particular, the negative correlation between political constraints to changes in public policies and inflation in Latin America is quite suggestive. We find that less flexible exchange rate regimes, advances in structural policies, and better government institutions have contributed to the reduction in inflation rates in the region. Faster growing countries exhibited lower inflation rates. Openness to trade seems to be positively correlated with inflation, suggesting that more open economies are more exposed to external shocks, allowing countries to benefit in terms of importing lower international inflation rates in recent years. Other variables did not prove to be significant.Latin America, inflation, institutions, economic structure

Chemical Disinfectants for the Inactivation of the Emerging Foodborne Aichi Virus

Aichi virus (AiV) is an emerging virus responsible for gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide. Improved decontamination methods are being researched to control AiV spread. The effects of common hard surface disinfectants including benzalkonium chloride (BAC), potassium peroxymonosulfate (KPMS), tribasic sodium phosphate (TSP) as well as sodium metasilicate (SMS) and calcium hypochlorite (Ca(ClO)2) [calcium hypochlorite] against AiV need to be explored. The objective of this research was to determine their effects against AiV using suspension and carrier tests over various contact times at room temperature. Phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.2 as control), 0.64% BAC, 10% KPMS, 10% TSP, 0.16 and 0.3% NaOCl, 5 and 10% SMS, and 0.02 and 0.2% Ca(ClO)2 were mixed with equal volumes of AiV at ~ 5 log PFU/mL and treated at room temperature in suspension tests or on virus dried on formica coupons. At each time-point, treated viruses were initially serially diluted in cell-culture media containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), followed by dilutions in 2% FBS. Viral infectivity was assessed by plaque assays using confluent Vero host cells. Each duplicate treatment was replicated thrice, and data were statistically analyzed. AiV was found to be reduced to non-detectable levels by 10% KPMS after 30 s in suspension, as well as in clean and simulated dirty carrier tests, and with 10% TSP after 30 min in suspension, with minimal reduction by BAC after 3 h in suspension. Additionally, AiV was reduced to non-detectable levels after 2 and 5 min with both 5% and 10% SMS in suspension, respectively and with 10% SMS after 1 min in clean carrier tests, whereas 5% SMS had a 2.78 log reduction after 5 min. Ca(ClO)2 at 0.2% and 0.02% reduced AiV to non-detectable levels after 15 s in suspension and clean carrier tests. Under simulated dirty conditions after 5 min, a 0.76 log reduction with 5% SMS, and a 1.51 log reduction with 0.2% Ca(ClO)2 was obtained, while AiV was reduced by \u3e3 log after 1 min with 10% SMS. Overall, 10% KPMS and 10% SMS appear to be the most suitable among the tested compounds to inactive AiV, for routine decontamination purposes

Os usos contemporâneos da retórica fundacional latinoamericana no Brasil e Haiti

IX Congresso Brasileiro de Hispanistas realizado nos dias 22 a 25 agosto 2016O trabalho estuda a margem de não correspondência entre o discurso da nação e a prática de estado na representação literária do “fracasso” da vida nacional em dois romances latinoamericanos: Cidade de Deus (1997) de Paulo Lins e Bicentenaire (2004) do haitiano Lyonel Trouillot. O discurso homogêneo do “estadonação” do século XIX, no contexto contemporâneo pode ser reescrito como o “estado contra a nação”, no dizer do antropólogo e historiador haitiano Michel- Rolph Trouillot. Assim, o tempo da fundação da nação, como o “imaginado” em Anderson e a “nação narrada” em Bhabha, se opõe ao tempo do estado contemporâneo ao qual a ficção se refere. O uso contemporâneo de elementos retóricos dos discursos fundadores, por exemplo, de José Bonifácio de Andrada e ToussaintLouverture, respectivamente, serão atualizados e contrastados com a prática de estado no contexto do capitalismo periférico: no Brasil liberal da transição da ditatura militar à democracia e no Haiti liberal da democracia pósDuvalier. Ao focar os efeitos negativos do estado e poupar as explicações das causas e os posicionamentos apriorísticos neoliberal ou popularsocialista, cada romance simboliza no espaço urbano um antagonismo social que qualifica o estado político: o estado ausente no Brasil de Cidade de Deus, e o estado repressor em Haiti do Porto Príncipe. Assim, a obra literária se revela não só como a arte autônoma que constrói seus próprios conteúdos imanentes, mas como textodocumento com “especificidade” cultural, histórica e nacional e com a “universalidade” que “pratica” e “produz” a linguagem política da liberdade e justiça social comum à toda lógica ocidental que vai se contradizer na prática do estadoUNILA­-UNIOEST

La resolución de problemas matemáticos: una estrategia en el aula de clase

La resolución de problemas ha jugado un papel fundamental en el desarrollo de la matemática. Hoy día se reconoce ampliamente la importancia de la misma como una estrategia didáctica eficaz, y por esa razón es necesaria su aplicación en las aulas de clase. Lo anterior conlleva a que los estudiantes conozcan acerca de la diferencia entre ejercicio y problema, cómo fue la evolución de la resolución de problemas, algunos modelos y factores que intervienen en ella; además de resolver problemas que les permiten repasar conocimientos matemáticos adquiridos y activar procesos de pensamientos

Miriam Alves y Nancy Morejón: Dos caminos poéticos hacia la conciencia negra

En este trabajo analizo la relación entre expresión afrofemenina y la realidad editorial en la poesía de la brasileña Miriam Alves y la cubana Nancy Mojerón. La relación entre apoyo institucional, actividad editorial y discurso poético ponen a prueba interpretaciones meramente textual-simbólicas de aquella expresión. En efecto, los contextos editoriales de Cuba revolucionaria y Brasil posdictatorial revelan variaciones cualitativas a la hora de analizar los textos poéticos y sus formulaciones ideológicas.Palabras claves: Poesía, afrofemenino, institución, publicación

Diseño e implementación de una aplicación móvil para compartir fotos de manera contributiva

Throughout the following document, the concept for a photo-sharing mobile Application will be explained. Within its pages, the document demonstrates the development of an Application to create “social Events”, where users can create digital collaborative spaces to share their pictures, with other people who take part in the same event. The proposal is to be achieved by using the latest available technological tools for iOS development, as well as server Backend development. The fundamental requirements and specifications will be presented, as will all the considerations needed from the final user’s perspective, and all the technical issues regarding the design and development of the software Application. Parting from the initial presentation of the concept, going through the research phase and inspection of the required technologies, getting to the final design and implementation of the App, each stage is approached throughout the document in a way to give the reader a clear idea of the underlying motivation and philosophy adapted in the Project. In this manner, the reader is able to keep in mind this information, and will therefore be able to understand and justify the more practical and concrete sections of the Project. Finally it –the document- will present an overall evaluation including the initial goals set in contrast with the resulting software product. This is one in order to offer a list of possible future improvements that could in turn result in a better user experience, always in accordance to the initially stated philosophy and general purpose for the Application