Increasing predominance of G8P[8] species A rotaviruses in childrenadmitted to hospital with acute gastroenteritis in Thailand, 2010?2013

AbstractRotavirus A is a well-known etiological cause of acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children worldwide. In this study,we investigated the prevalence and distribution of RVA genotypes circulating in children with acute gastroenteritis in Thailandfrom 2010 to 2013. A total of 1,032 fecal specimens were collected from children with an age range from neonatal to 15years of age and tested for RVA by RT-PCR. Of these, 184 (17.8%) were positive for RVA. The highest detection rate of RVAwas found in children aged between 12 and 24 months. The G1P[8] genotype was identified as the most dominant genotype(57.6%), followed by G2P[4] (12.5%), G8P[8] (10.4%), G9P[8] (7.1%), G3P[8] (4.9%), G1P[4] (2.2%), G2P[8] (1.7%), andmixed-infections of G1 and G3 in combination with P[8] (0.5%). In addition, the uncommon human rotavirus strains G4P[6](1.1%), G9P[19] (0.5%), G12P[4] (0.5%), and G12P[6] (0.5%) were also detected in this study. Interestingly, the unusualG8P[8] strains were detected at a relatively high frequency, and phylogenetic analysis revealed that these G8 strains weregenetically closely related to bovine and bovine-like human G8 rotavirus strains reported previously from Thailand, Japan,Vietnam, India and Taiwan. These G8P[8] strains displayed the DS-1-like genotype constellation of G8-P[8]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A2-N2-T2-E2-H2 (in the order VP7-VP4-VP6-VP1-VP2-VP3-NSP1-NSP2-NSP3-NSP4-NSP5/6, respectively). Overall,the data indicated a high degree of diversity of RVA genotypes, with the emergence of several uncommon RVA strains inchildren with acute gastroenteritis in Thailand

Genetic recombination and genotype diversity of norovirus GI in children with acute gastroenteritis in Thailand, 2015-2021

Background: Human norovirus is a predominant etiological agent responsible for acute gastroenteritis across all age groups. Recently, norovirus recombinant strains have been reported as the cause of norovirus outbreaks in several settings and the strains that cause outbreaks mostly belong to the norovirus GII. However, yet, the norovirus GI recombinant strains have never been reported previously in Thailand. The aims of this study were to investigate the genetic recombination and genotype diversity of norovirus GI strains in children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand during a period of seven years from 2015 to 2021. Methods: A total of 2829 stool specimens were screened for norovirus GI by real-time PCR, and the polymerase and capsid genes were sequenced and analyzed. Results: Of 2829 specimens tested, 12 (0.4%) were positive for norovirus GI. Of these, 7 out of 12 (58.3%) strains were identified as norovirus GI recombinant strains. Among 7 norovirus GI recombinant strains, 3, 3, and 1 were identified as GI.3[P13], GI.5[P4], and GI.6[P11], respectively. The remaining five strains were identified as non-recombinant strains of the GI.4[P4], GI.5[P5], and GI.6[P6] genotypes. Conclusions: The findings highlight the genetic diversity and multiple intergenotype recombinant strains of norovirus GI circulating in children with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand from 2015 to 2021. The detection of multiple intergenotype norovirus GI recombinant strains further underscore the complexity of norovirus GI strains circulating in this region