Fluoride Iontophoresis Versus Topical Fluoride Application In The Treatment Of Dentine Hypersensitivity

iontophoresis on tooth hypersensitivity. Material and Methods: Test teeth received a 2% neutral solution of sodium fluoride using Desensitron II Iontophoresis device with current and the control teeth received the solution on the device without current. Thirteen patients comprising eight females and five males who complained of tooth hypersensitivity participated in the body. Results: The test teeth (with iontophoresis), showed a significant improvement in the reduction of hypersensitivity than the control teeth at Day 7 and at Day 14,

Freedom of Information and the Effect on Corporate Governance in Nigeria

With the passing into law of the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) by President Goodluck Ebele Jonathan in the year 2011, access to accurate information has become available. Anyone in Nigeria interested in any information from any public officer, agency or institution which not only has dealings with the public but also private companies has access to such information under the FOIA. The major setback with the Introduction of the Freedom of Information Act is that because of the Novelty of the law in Nigeria, majority of Nigerians do not know the power the Act has granted them in accessing information and being well informed about agencies and corporations of interest. One of the major constraints of corporate governance is the lack of transparency, disclosure and access to information which would help shareholders and investors make more informed decision as regards the companies they have dealings with. This paper will examine the effects of proper use of the Freedom of Information Act as regards corporate governance while also giving a comparative analysis of its use in countries with more advanced systems of similar Act. Keywords: Corporate Governance, Freedom of Information, Transparency, Disclosure obligations, whistleblower and Monitoring

Factors associated with the compliance of recommended first postnatal care services utilization among reproductive age women in Benin Republic: an analysis of 2011/2012 BDHS data

Background: High maternal and neonatal mortality persist in Benin republic. Rates of decline are slow and factors influencing PNC services utilization are not well known. This study aims to assess factors associated with PNC services utilization among mothers and their newborns with special focus on the recommendation 2 of WHO guidelines on postnatal care of the mother and the newborn.Methods: This study analysed Benin’s 2011/2012 DHS data. A total of 16,599 women were interviewed where 8,275 eligible for the present study. Multinomial logistic regression was applied.Results: While 68.42% of mothers and their newborns received at least one PNC visit over postnatal period, the percent of newborns and their mothers with appropriate first PNC check-up was low, 19.95%. Factors explaining PNC uptake were place of residence, ethnic group, occupation, ANC attendance, place of delivery, baby birth size, household wealth status, mass media use, and to a lesser extent education attainment. Accessibility, number of living children followed by the birth order number, and desire for pregnancy appeared to be specific determinants to appropriate first PNC check-up. Mothers who attended more frequently ANC services were more likely to receive PNC check-ups. Mothers who delivered at private health facility were more likely to receive PNC check-ups.Conclusions: To increase the achievement of the recommended WHO PNC frequency, there is a need to: address unmet needs for Family Planning in Benin; to expend health education and counselling to encourage ANC attendance supervise by skilled personnel

Dentine hypersensitivity: real or imagined

Background: Dentine hypersensitivity is a common presentation of cause of pain and or discomfort with mastication which has been shown to affect the quality of life of the affected individual. It is also a common cause of presentation at the dental clinics. However, the cause, diagnosis and possible management to give relief can be a dilemma for the clinician who at times may wonder if the sensation the individual is presenting with, is real or imagined.Aim: The purpose of this paper was to review dentine hypersensitivity in view of causes, diagnosis and management.Methodology: Articles used were found by searching the key words: dentine hypersensitivity, tooth wear lesions, desensitization, gingival recession, treatment of hypersensitivity.Result: There are a variety of causes of dentine hypersensitivity with a variety of ways to manage and provide adequate treatment, but the condition must be well understood.Conclusion: Many options of treatment are now available to eliminate the pain from dentine hypersensitivity and thus improving the quality of life of these patients because the sensitivity they experience is real.Keywords: dentine, hypersensitivity, tooth wear, desensitization, quality of lif

A longitudinal study of the prevalence of gingival bleeding among selected Nigerian pregnant women

Objective: To assess the prevalence of gingival bleeding following gentle periodontal probing during pregnancy as compared to after child birth in the same set of women. Method: Three hundred and eighty-four consecutive pregnant women in third trimester were selected at the antenatal clinics of Adeoyo Maternity Hospital, and the University College Hospital, both in the city of Ibadan, south western part of Nigeria. An 18-item questionnaire was administered on the subjects to obtain information on their use of oral contraceptive prior to getting pregnant, their experiencing gingival bleeding at any point in time before or during pregnancy and their methods of oral hygiene procedure. This was followed by intra-oral examination to assess the presence or absence of gingival bleeding, which was determined by gentle probing of the gingival crevice with a Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) probe. The appearance of bleeding within 10 seconds indicates a positive score. The same set of women were re-examined at two other occasions following child birth. Result: Seventy-two (20.9%) of the subjects reported that they had been experiencing gingival bleeding during toothbrushing before the study. Two-hundred and sixty-one of the subjects bled during pregnancy and this reduced to 192 and 127 at the 6th and 14th week post-partum examination respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the gingival bleeding on probing during pregnancy in comparison to the 6th and 14th week postpartum periods respectively (p = 0.000). Conclusion: The study shows that pregnancy must have played a major role in the tendency for the gingiva to bleed as there was statistically significant reduction in gingival bleeding following parturition

Comparative study of cervical-vaginal microbial flora changes in women using Cu-T380A contraceptive device and LNG-IUS in Ibadan: a two-centre clinical COHORT study

Background: Intrauterine devices cause various changes in the female genital tract which might result in altered microbial flora and risk of genital infections. The aim of this study was to determine the change in bacterial flora of women using Copper-bearing T380A and levonorgestrel intrauterine system and the risk of genital infections.Methods: This was a two-center clinical cohort study of women using Cu-T380A IUD and LNG-IUS in Ibadan, Nigeria. The study was conducted from March to August, 2016 and it involved 130 women (66 Cu-T380A and 64 LNG-IUS) at 2 family planning clinics in Ibadan, Nigeria. The clients were clinically assessed before admission into the study and high vaginal and endocervical swabs were taken before insertion of the devices, and at 3 and 6months after insertion.Results: Fifty-seven clients with LNG and 63 with copper T380A completed the study. The mean age in LNG-IUS was 34.4years (SD= 6.3) and Cu-T380A was 35.4 years (SD=5.6). All participants had one sexual partner. There was no previous or current STIs/PID at recruitment. The organisms isolated included coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CNS), Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp, Escherichia coli, Candida spp, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Klebsiella spp. Cu-T380A women had an increase or persistence of CNS, Staphylococci, Klebsiella and Candida at 3 months while in the LNG-IUS group only CNS increased. The HVS revealed that participants with Cu-T380A had higher risks (33.3%) for asymptomatic genital infections than the LNG-IUS (5.3%) group at 6 months (p value <0.001).Conclusions: Cu-T380A has a higher likelihood of altering the microbial flora in the cervix and vagina and therefore encouraging the growth of a variety of other organisms compared to LNG-IUS

Managing Major Early (Primary) Postpartum Haemorrhage in Developing Countries

Major primary postpartum haemorrhage continues to top the list of causes of maternal mortality worldwide. Delays in the correction of hypovolaemia, diagnosis and treatment of bleeding disorders and initiation of surgery are preventable factors responsible for majority of the deaths. The situation is worse in the developing countries where more deaths are reported due to poor facilities, lack of manpower and delay in seeking expert management. The clinical state of the patient rather than the amount of blood loss should guide the clinician to the urgency of resuscitation. The first priority is to rapidly correct hypovolaemia with crystalloids and red blood cells. It is probably safer to avoid the use of colloids as it has been found to be associated with an increased risk of maternal death. The use of blood components will depend on platelet count, coagulation tests, haematocrit and fibrinogen concentration. The various medical and surgical management modalities that are useful when there is a poor response to oxytocics are presented. Procedures that are possible in developing countries have been highlighted, with an emphasis on surgical intervention measures that are likely alternatives to hysterectomy. The role of intervention radiology in modern obstetrics is also discussed. Key Words: Postpartum Haemorrhage, Labour, Maternal Death [Trop J Obstet Gynaecol, 2003, 20: 144-152