Locally Adaptive Block Thresholding Method with Continuity Constraint

We present an algorithm that enables one to perform locally adaptive block thresholding, while maintaining image continuity. Images are divided into sub-images based some standard image attributes and thresholding technique is employed over the sub-images. The present algorithm makes use of the thresholds of neighboring sub-images to calculate a range of values. The image continuity is taken care by choosing the threshold of the sub-image under consideration to lie within the above range. After examining the average range values for various sub-image sizes of a variety of images, it was found that the range of acceptable threshold values is substantially high, justifying our assumption of exploiting the freedom of range for bringing out local details.Comment: 12 Pages, 4 figures, 1 Tabl

Techniques of Technological Forecasting

Technological forecasts can improve decisions through clearer delineation of future technological opportunities and threats. A review of the various methods applicable in thc area of technology is presented.The limitations of a particular technique must be clearly understood before it is applied. Some defence applications have also been discussed

The pressure-amorphized state in zirconium tungstate: a precursor to decomposition

In contrast to widely accepted view that pressure-induced amorphization arises due to kinetic hindrance of equilibrium phase transitions, here we provide evidence that the metastable pressure-amorphized state in zirconium tungstate is a precursor to decomposition of the compound into a mixture of simple oxides. This is from the volume collapse ΔV across amorphization, which is obtained for the first time by measuring linear dimensions of irreversibly amorphized samples during their recovery to the original cubic phase upon isochronal annealing up to 1000 K. The anomalously large ΔV of 25.7 ± 1.2% being the same as that expected for the decomposition indicates that this amorphous state is probably a precursor to kinetically hindered decomposition. A P–T diagram of the compound is also proposed

A New Subclass of Meromorphic Starlike Functions Associated with Q-Hypergeometric Functions

The fractional calculus operator has used in various field of sciences, GFT and in the engineering, if we extend the ordinary fractional calculus in the q-theory we get fractional q-calculus operator. In this paper by making use of fractional q-calculus operator we have introduced a new subclass of Meromorphic starlike functions N_q (? ,? ,?) defined in the open disk and determined coefficient estimate, neighbourhood result, subordination results, extreme points and partial sums for the functions belonging to this class

Surface optical Raman modes in InN nanostructures

Raman spectroscopic investigations are carried out on one-dimensional nanostructures of InN,such as nanowires and nanobelts synthesized by chemical vapor deposition. In addition to the optical phonons allowed by symmetry; A1, E1 and E2(high) modes, two additional Raman peaks are observed around 528 cm-1 and 560 cm-1 for these nanostructures. Calculations for the frequencies of surface optical (SO) phonon modes in InN nanostructures yield values close to those of the new Raman modes. A possible reason for large intensities for SO modes in these nanostructures is also discussed.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figures, Submitted in Journa

Off-Grid Energy Technologies Used in Rural Areas of India

Energy scenario in India is changing with a greater pace. Growth rate of villages has increased, likewise their energy demand. With the awareness of the decreasing natural resources, non conventional energy resources are gaining lots of interest in sparsely separated areas. The rural areas of India are having the huge scarcity of energy because of limited energy resources and Grid connectivity is not feasible due to economic factors and geographical situations. So we require to establish the off grid system for the benefit of the mass. Off-grid System's commissioning and operation done as indigenous unit, and free from grid related problems like frequency and voltage regulations and they provides flexible operation because their emphasis is on extraction of energy and conversion into useful work. This paper discusses the potential use of off-grid energy technologies as an alternative for grid extension. Off-grid Energy systems provide the solutions to the basic energy needs in the rural areas of India. These indigenously build plants are not connected to any electrical utility and can be connected with the micro grid for the better reliable operation. Due to small size their demand and load management would be easy. Off-grid system utilizes the solar thermal radiation, wind energy, geothermal energy, tidal wave, Biomass etc. There is numerous numbers of applications where we can use this energy and decrease the dependence on conventional grid