Inequality in carbon emissions at sub-national level in India.

YesIn this study using standard measures of inequality such as Gini coefficient, Kakwani Index, coefficient of variation and Theil Index we examine inequality in carbon emissions for the years 2000-09 at the sub-national level covering 17 major states of India. At the outset, in order to estimate sub-national inequality in carbon emissions we also estimated total carbon emissions for each state for the above years using IPCC Reference Approach. Our findings showed that per capita carbon emissions were highest in the low income resource rich states and lower in the high income more developed states. The inequality in carbon emissions as demonstrated by Gini coefficients has increased over the years indicating that it is the poorer states which have to bear the burden

How solid are the BRICS? An economic overview

Ye

Economic reforms, growth and well-being: evidence from India

yThis study examined economic well-being of sub-national units in India since the economic reforms. For this purpose, the study constructed well-being index for 17 major states of India for the period 1981–2011 based on five broad dimensions. Our results showed that the economic well-being of states has declined since the reforms. The interstate disparities have increased and the states (except Punjab and West Bengal) which performed well prior to the reforms continued to perform well in the post-reform years too. In addition, our regression results for the high well-being and low well-being states revealed that the reforms have benefited more developed high well-being states, rather than low well-being states. While human capital was found significantly and positively related to per capita incomes in both groups of the states, financial development was positively related in high well-being states, but a negative association was visible in the low well-being states

Financial integration of South Asia: an exploratory study.

YesThis study examines extent of financial cooperation in the South Asia region. This region although heterogeneous in terms of size, political ideologies and level of development yet shares similar historical and cultural closeness, poverty and low level of human development. Further, we also examined the likely factors influencing financial integration in the region. Overall, the results show that among the economic and political factors trade, income levels and political stability are the most important factors in influencing South Asian financial cooperation. The results also strongly support the view that countries more open and integrated through trade are more integrated financially

Does trade liberalization promote regional disparities? Evidence from a multiregional CGE model of India

YesOver last few decades, there has been a growing interest among researchers in understanding the link between trade liberalization and regional disparities within the context of an individual country. In this study, we develop the first ever single-country multiregional Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model for the Indian economy to investigate this linkage. Overall our results suggest that, in the short run, trade liberalization has a beneficial impact on the rich and fast-growing middle-income states and a marginal or negative impact on the poor states

Financial inclusion: understanding concept, barriers and measurement

YesThis chapter examines the conceptual and measurement issues involving financial inclusion. Rest of the chapter is organised as follows. Section 2 defines the concept of financial inclusion. Section 3 briefly discusses the barriers to financial inclusion. The next section outlines measurement issues and data sources involving financial inclusion. Finally, the last section of the study concludes

Financial development, economic growth and human capital accumulation: what is the link?

YesA number of studies have explored the factors influencing financial development. Among them are national legal origin, settler mortality hypothesis, institutional factors, political factors, macroeconomic policies including capital account openness, social capital and also cultural factors. The relationship between financial development, human capital and economic growth, although acknowledged in the theoretical literature remains less explored at the empirical level. In this study we examine interaction between financial development, human capital and economic growth. The study aims to understand and examine how financial development is related to human capital accumulation and economic growth in a unified framework. In a cross-country panel data context using rigourous econometric techniques we examine these questions

Evaluation of anxiolytic properties of BacoMind extract of plant Bacopa monnieri Linn. in comparison with diazepam in rodent model

Background: Anxiety is a state characterized by somatic, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral components, associated with significant disability. The pharmacotherapy for anxiety remains limited for achievable safety and tolerability of the medicines. Benzodiazepines use associated with side effects like psychomotor impairment and addiction liability. Due to the ADRs associated with antianxiety drugs, the drug trials have focused on screening herbal medicines that are reportedly used in the treatment of anxiety and which have minimal side effects.Methods: The anxiolytic activity was examined by using the elevated plus maze (EPM) and open field test (OFT), forty Albino wistar strain rats of both sex of weighing 120 to 200 g were divided into four groups of ten rats each.. Group 1 received vehicle (normal saline); group 2 received diazepam (1 mg/kg); groups 3 and 4 received BacoMind™, 30 and 60 mg/kg oral, respectively.Results: Rats treated with diazepam (1 mg/kg, p.o.) showed significant (p<0.001) increase in the percentage of open arms entries and time spent whereas, in closed arm the number of entries and time spent were significantly (p<0.05) decreased. Intraperitonial administration of BacoMind™ extract of plant Bacopa monnieri Linn. exhibited significant (p<0.05) increase in the number of open arm entries and time spent with significant (p<0.05) reduction in number of entries and time spent in the closed arm as compared to group 1. BacoMind™ treated rats also produced significant increase in the number of rearings (p<0.05), assisted rearings and number of squares crossed (p<0.01).Conclusions: BacoMind™ extract of plant Bacopa monnieri Linn possess significant anxiolytic activity in the rats. It can be a promising anxiolytic agent

For investigate the role of ultrasound and platelets count as an important marker for the diagnosis and prognosis of dengue patients

Background: Dengue is although self limiting viral disease but if severe complications take place than it becomes lethal. Plasma leakage is main pathology which results in fluid deposits in various organs. This plasma leakage is related to platelet count. Most important thing in treating dengue patient is to know the complications at the earliest. And ultrasound is the most sensitive and easily approachable, cost effective investigation for detecting the complications.Methods: This cross-sectional observational pilot study was carried out in the department of radiodiagnosis, pandit bhagwat dayal Sharma institute of medical sciences, Rohtak. One hundred and two patients with serologically confirmed dengue fever were included in this study. Ultrasound examinations were carried out by ultrasound machine with 5-13 MHZ probe by radiologists. Abdomen and thorax scanning were done thoroughly. Important findings like Gall bladder thickening hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, free fluid which are pathological markers for dengue were specially seen. Then these findings are relate to the age group and platelet count.Results: By applying chi square test we found that there is statistically difference in number of patients in age group 16-30 yrs having gall bladder wall thickening, hepatomegaly, free fluid, splenomegaly and pleural effusion as compared to other age groups (p<0.05) an also in patients having less than 20,000 platelets, only gall bladder thickening, ascites and hepatomegaly were statistically more significant as compared to other groups having more number of platelets (p<0.05).Conclusions: So, ultrasound and platelet count are important markers for diagnosis and prognosis of dengue patients. Ultrasound and Platelets count are important markers for the diagnosis as well as prognosis of dengue patients

Gouty Tophi - Uncommon Entity on Cytology

Gouty tophi are nodular masses of monosodium urate crystals deposited in soft tissues, common sites being fingers, toes, bursae of elbows and helix of ears. Rarely tophi can develop without acute gouty arthritis. Here we report such a clinically unsuspected case of gouty tophi, which presented with a soft tissue swelling on elbow, but was diagnosed as gouty tophi on FNAC