A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on Knowledge and Practice Regarding Safe Medication Administration Among Staff Nurses Working in Selected Hospital at Chennai

Safe medication administration is an important and potentially challenging nursing responsibility. Medication administration helps to promote the health and prevent the disease of the patient. Nurses should follow the guideline principles while administering medication to the patient to prevent medication error. Medication errors as any preventable event that may cause inappropriate medication use and patient safety. The nurses should follow the three checks and follow the rights and be sure to document the procedure. A study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on knowledge and practice regarding safe medication administration among staff nurses working in selected hospital at Chennai. The hypothesis of this study was there is a significant association between the planned teaching programme with knowledge and practice regarding safe medication administration among staff nurses. Extensive review of literature facilitates the investigator to collect the relevant information of facts to support the study. The conceptual framework of this study was based on modified model of Ernestine Widenbach’s helping art of clinical nursing theory. The study was conducted by adopting a pre experimental one group pre test post test design. Thirty staff nurses who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected by purposive sampling technique. Each day the investigator collected data from 4-5 staff nurses to assess the level of knowledge and practice regarding safe medication administration. A structured questionnaire was distributed to the staff nurses to assess the pretest level of knowledge and practice regarding safe medication administration among staff nurses. Then followed by a planned teaching programme regarding safe medication administration and drug calculations were educated to staff nurses. A post test was conducted to assess the level of knowledge and practice with the same questionnaire provided in the pre test. Analysis revealed that the paired ‘t’ test value of knowledge was 20.13 highly significant at the level of p<0.001. Thus it indicates the effectiveness of planned teaching programme and level of knowledge regarding safe medication administration among staff nurses. Analysis revealed that the paired ‘t’ test value of practice was 22.10 highly significant at the level of p<0.001. Thus it indicates the effectiveness of planned teaching programme and level of practice regarding safe medication administration among staff nurses. The correlation coefficient of posttest level knowledge and practice was 1.002, it reveals there is positive correlation. It indicates the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on increasing the level of knowledge and practice regarding safe medication administration

Post war economic development through sustainability development

Sri Lanka the former Ceylon has now returned back to its peaceful phase after quite a long period of civil war which had slowed down the growth of the nation and since the beginning of the post war era the government has taken initiatives for nation's development. As the world resources are getting depleted and the human wants are growing unlimited, it has become a need for every nation to use its resources efficiently. And sir Lanka has sharply recognized this need and is on its track now. The present paper attempts to reveal an overview on the topic ' Post war economic development1 focusing on the area of sustainability developments - Sri Lanka has immense untapped renewable sources of energy from biomass, wind, hydro, wave, ocean etc. President Rajapaksa has set National Energy Policy to promote energy efficiency since his reign. Initiatives are undertaken to generate 50% of total power through these indigenous resources by 2015. Since GHG emission from Sri Lanka is low, it has gained attention from UN FCCC and Annex 1 countries for implementing CDM projects. The ending of the war has developed more interest among investors now. At present 45 COM projects are being developed which has a capacity to eliminate 134,000 tones of C02. Experts estimate that Sri Lanka can earn 2,500 million rupees by trading around 2.5 million tones of C02 emission annually. Sri Lanka has rich natural resources of tea, coconut and rubber. With regards to tea, sustainability methods are set to efficiently use them and to improve their quality-methods for soil protection; implementing low pollution processing activities and banning chemicals that cause ozone layer depletion are some of them. Apart from these natural resources the beauty of the nation by itself acts as source for attracting tourist. Sustainability tourism is quite flourishing in the post war era. It meets three important criteria 1.Provision for employment. 2. Conserve the environment. 3. Provision of maximum joy for tourist. To conclude, efficient utilization of the natural resources available and also sustaining them can help Sri Lanka have a good future

How involved are husbands in antenatal care? the perspective of women availing antenatal services at a maternity hospital in rural South Karnataka, India

Background: Male involvement in maternal health is associated with significant positive health outcomes in the mother. We aimed to assess the antenatal womens’ perception of their husbands’ involvement in antenatal care in a maternity hospital in rural Karnataka, India.Methods: 200 pregnant women in a maternity hospital in Karnataka were interviewed using a semi-structured pilot tested questionnaire on their perception about their husbands’ participation in antenatal care.Results: The mean score of women’s perception of husband’s awareness of antenatal care was 10.1±2.2 out of a maximum of 12, while that of husband’s attitude to antenatal care was 7.7±1.4 out of a maximum of 9 and of husband’s participation was 21.7±5.4 out of a maximum of 30. The score of perception of husband’s awareness was significantly higher among multigravidae and among women who had a planned pregnancy. The score of perception of husband’s attitude was significantly higher among women from nuclear families, multigravidae, those with a living child and those with no complications in the current pregnancy. The score of perception of husband’s participation was significantly higher among women with no complications in the current pregnancy.Conclusions: Husbands play a vital role in the antenatal care of their wives. This should be harnessed by health care workers by providing health education to them, encouraging husbands to accompany their wives to antenatal checkups and labour and promptly communicating clinical findings to them

Efficient File Sharing Mechanism In P2P Using Energy Efficient Clustering Mechanism

Effective and secured file sharing is the essential factor in real time networks. Common distributed network environment faces numerous problems in existing file sharing mechanism. In this research paper we have proposed a novel approach using Trust based Energy Efficient Clustering Mechanism by using firefly algorithm to improve the throughput. The proposed architecture has been designed with four phases for effective file sharing in P2P networks. In the first stage an Energy Efficient Clustering Mechanism with Firefly calculation has been introduced. A vitality proficient Clustering calculation with ideal parameters is intended for decreasing the vitality utilization and drawing out the framework lifetime. The second part of system focuses on Routing and accurate reputation framework. The third phase implements the Security Trust that can distinguish and shield fair associates from attack. In the last stage File Replications are identified and replicas are removed. This four stage framework shows drastic improvements in low delay, high speed, high efficiency Throughput when compared to existing framework. The results indicate that the time consumed by proposed method is very less when compared with existing algorithms

A Mobility and Execution Time Aware Task Offloading in Mobile Cloud Computing

Nowadays, mobile devices perform almost all tasks that can be performed by a computer but empties the battery and consumes memory. It is not necessary to execute the tasks on mobile devices; instead, it is executed in the far-away cloud. To save battery energy, the tasks are offloaded and hopped through several access points to reach the cloud and executed which increased the execution time of the task. Therefore, to save execution time and energy, the tasks are offloaded to a nearby cloudlet and as the device moves, the cloudlet and mobile device are disconnected. The mobile device is connected to the next cloudlet; while the offloaded tasks are partially executed in the previous cloudlet  VM migrates to the new cloudlet. The previous cloudlet examined the remaining execution time of the task. If it is less than the connection time, the task is finished and the result is transferred to the new cloudlet; otherwise, the task is offloaded to the new cloudlet. It is seen that the mobility and execution time aware task offloading model reduces the execution time and power consumption by 21-40% and 26-34% approximately to the existing mobility-aware offloading approach

Effectiveness of Cinnamon Extract upon Blood Glucose Level of Diabetic Clients

An Experimental Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Cinnamon Extract Upon Blood Glucose Level of Diabetic Clients in Selected wards of Thiruverkadu Township, Chennai. OBJECTIVES: 1. To assess the blood glucose level of diabetic clients in control and experimental group before and after administration of cinnamon extract. 2. To assess the level of knowledge regarding diabetes mellitus in control and experimental group of diabetic clients. 3. To determine the effectiveness of cinnamon extract upon blood glucose level of diabetic clients in experimental group by comparing their blood glucose level before and after administration of cinnamon extract. 4. To assess the level of satisfaction regarding cinnamon extract upon blood glucose level of diabetic clients. 5. To find out the association between selected demographic variables and blood glucose level of diabetic clients in control and experimental group before and after administration of cinnamon extract. 6. To find out the association between selected clinical variables and blood glucose level of diabetic clients in control and experimental group before and after administration of cinnamon extract. The conceptual frame work was based on Modified King’s Goal Attainment model which was modified for the present study, and extensive review of literature and guidance by expert formed the foundation of development of the research tool. An experimental design was adopted for this study. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 30 in control group from keelayanambakkam and 30 in experimental group from mel ayanambakkam village. The blood glucose assessment chart, structured interview schedule for knowledge regarding diabetes mellitus and rating scale for level of satisfaction on administration of cinnamon extract were the tools used to collect data, after establishing validity and reliability. The main data collection was done after determining the feasibility and practicability through pilot study. The diabetic clients were identified by screening. The blood glucose level was checked for both control and experimental group before and after administration of cinnamon extract. The cinnamon extract was prepared by selecting good quality of cinnamon sundried and grounded. 2gm of cinnamon powder was added to 100ml of boiling water and then simmered for 20 minutes in a low flame, until it come to 50ml and the strained mixture is administered to the experimental group once a day after break fast for 30 days and their level of satisfaction on cinnamon extract administration was assessed . The data was tabulated and analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE STUDY: ❖ Significant percentage of the diabetic clients were in the age group of 41-50, 61-70 years (30.0%, 33.3%), illiterate (46.7%), housewives and unemployed (43.3%, 43.3%) in the control and experimental group respectively. Most of the diabetic clients belonged to Hindu religion (66.7%, 70%) and majority of the diabetic clients were married (86.7%, 80%), non- smoker (66.7%, 76.7%), regular drinker (30.0%, 80%), with no habit of tobacco chewing (66.7%, 80%) in the control and experimental group respectively. ❖ Significant percentage of the diabetic clients has been suffering from diabetes mellitus for a duration between 2-5years (43.3%, 33.3%),had body weight between 51-60kg (46.7%, 43.3%), with a height of 145-150cm (53.3%, 30%), with BMI between 22.6-29.9 (30%, 40%) in the control and experimental group respectively. Most of the diabetic clients had a family history of diabetes (60%, 60%), had no co-morbid illness (60%, 63.3%), on diabetic diet (63.3%, 70%), not performing exercise once a day(66.7%, 70%) and all of the diabetic clients were using oral hypoglycemic agents (100%, 100%), non-vegetarians (100%, 83.3%), in the control and experimental group respectively. ❖ Majority of the diabetic clients in the control and experimental group had mild level of fasting blood glucose(76.7%, 90%) and most of them had mild level of postprandial blood glucose (53.3%, 66.7%) before cinnamon extract administration. But there was a significant difference in the experimental group, all the diabetic clients had mild level of fasting blood glucose (100%) and majority of them had mild level of postprandial blood glucose (83.3%) after cinnamon extract administration. Whereas in control group most of the diabetic clients had mild level of fasting blood glucose (70%) and severe level of postprandial blood glucose (70%). This could be attributed to the effectiveness of cinnamon extract administration. ❖ Significant percentage of the diabetic clients had moderate level of overall knowledge (43.3%, 33.3%) and most of them had inadequate level of overall knowledge regarding diabetes mellitus (56.7%, 66.7%) in the control and experimental group respectively. ❖ In control group there was no significant difference in the mean and standard deviation of fasting blood glucose (M=173.23, 175.43 & SD=10.424, 10.190) and postprandial blood glucose (M=257.43, 264.63 & SD=28.426, 27.532) before and after cinnamon extract administration. Whereas experimental group showed a significant difference (p<0.001) in the mean and standard deviation of fasting blood glucose (M=170.40, 122.77 & SD=7.295, 7.253) and postprandial blood glucose (M=252.10, 167.10 & SD=26.519, 8.130) before and after administration of cinnamon extract and it can be attributed to the effectiveness of cinnamon extract administration. Hence the null hypothesis Ho1 was rejected. ❖ In Experimental group significant percentage of the diabetic clients were highly satisfied (40%) and most of the clients satisfied (60%) with the administration of cinnamon extract. ❖ There was a significant association between occupational status (p<0.01) of control group of diabetic clients and their post prandial blood glucose levels after administration of cinnamon extract. Hence the null hypothesis Ho2 is rejected with regard to occupational status. ❖ There was a significant association between the selected demographic variables of age (p<0.001) and post prandial blood glucose levels of diabetic clients before administration of cinnamon extract in experimental group. Hence the null hypothesis Ho2 is rejected with regard to age. ❖ There was a significant association between the selected clinical variables of height (p<0.05) and post prandial blood glucose levels of diabetic clients after administration of cinnamon extract in control group. Hence the null hypothesis Ho3 is rejected with regard to height. ❖ There was a significant association between the selected clinical variable duration of known period of diabetes (p<0.001) and post prandial blood glucose levels of diabetic clients before administration of cinnamon extract in experimental group. Hence the null hypothesis Ho3 is rejected with regard to duration of known period of diabetes. RECOMMENDATIONS: The researcher recommends the following studies in the field of nursing research: ❖ The same study could be conducted on larger samples for better generalization. ❖ The study could be replicated in different settings. ❖ Structured teaching programme can be conducted for the diabetic clients to improve their knowledge. ❖ A study could be conducted to assess the level of knowledge among nurses regarding the management of the clients with diabetes mellitus. ❖ A similar study can be conducted with other traditional medicines

Amblygaster indiana Mary, Balasubramanian, Selvaraju & Shiny, 2017, sp. nov.

&lt;i&gt;Amblygaster indiana&lt;/i&gt;, sp. nov. &lt;p&gt;(Figs. 1A, B; Table 1)&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Holotype.&lt;/b&gt; ZSI/ MBRC /540, 21 cm SL, Eraviputhenthurai landing center, (11&deg;15&rsquo;49.26&rdquo; N, 77&deg;08&rsquo;11.67&rdquo; E), west coast, India, collected, A. Arockiamary; 0 2 February, 2010.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Paratypes.&lt;/b&gt; ZSI/ MBRC /541, (29 cm SL), Eraviputhenthurai landing centre, west coast, India, collected A. Arockiamary, 0 5 February, 2010; FMS/ CASMB /1087 (22 cm SL), Eraviputhenthurai landing centre, west coast, India, collected A. Arockiamary, 18 February, 2010;FMS/ CASMB /1088 (28 cm SL), Eraviputhenthurai landing centre, west coast, India, collected A. Arockiamary &amp; S. Shanker, 18 February, 2010; JUDES /FSD/1529 (28.1 cm SL), Eraviputhenthurai fish market, west coast, India, collected A. Arockiamary &amp; S. Shanker, 27 March, 2010; JUDES /FSD/1530 (29.2 cm SL), Eraviputhenthurai fish market, west coast, India, collected A. Arockiamary &amp; S. Shanker, 18 February, 2010; SATYABHAMAU812 (27 cm SL), Eraviputhenthurai landing center, west coast, India, collected A. Arockiamary &amp; A. Shyni, 18 February, 2010; SATYABHAMAU 813 (29.3 cm SL), Eraviputhenthurai landing center, west coast, India, collected A. Arockiamary &amp; A. Shyni, 18 February, 2010; Parakkai-FTRC/ FSRS /1155 (29.3 cm SL), Eraviputhenthurai landing center, west coast, India, collected A. Arockiamary &amp; S. Shanker, 12 February, 2011; FTRC / FSRS / 1181 (29 cm SL), Eraviputhenthurai fish market, west coast, India, collected A. Arockiamary, 12 February, 2011; RC/ RGCA /2056 (29.1 cm SL), Eraviputhenthurai fish market, west coast, India, collected A. Arockiamary, 12 February, 2011; RC/ RGCA /2263 (27 cm SL), Eraviputhenthurai fish market, west coast, India, collected A. Arockiamary, 15 May, 2011.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Diagnosis.&lt;/b&gt; A large species of &lt;i&gt;Amblygaster&lt;/i&gt; with bluish body, green on dorsum, with silvery flanks. Posterior margin of opercle with two fleshy outgrowths (Fig. 5). Body deep and cylindrical, belly smooth and round, weakly keeled with eight circular-shaped pre-pelvic scutes; (Fig. 2). Branchiostegial rays 7 (Fig. 3); fronto-parietalstriae 7&ndash; 14 (Fig. 4); huge eyes (Fig. 6); upper jaw with median notch. Dorsal fin inserted at about midpoint of body; pelvic fins below dorsal fin base, fin rays 7; anal fin very short and inserted far posterior to dorsal fin base. Gill rakers 57&ndash; 63. Scales cycloid; posterior margin of scales striated with many vertical lines from anterior of scale extending to centre of scale.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Description&lt;/b&gt;. Dorsal fin rays 0, 17&ndash;19; anal fin rays 0, 17&ndash;19; pectoral fin rays 16; pelvic fin rays 7; upper gill rakers 13&ndash;14; lower gill rakers 44&ndash;49; fronto-parietal striae 7&ndash;14; branchiostegial rays 7; circular pre-pelvic scutes 8; lateral scales 40. Body elongated and cylindrical, belly rounded and weakly keeled; greatest depth 7.3&ndash;10.3 in SL; head length 5.9&ndash;8.3 in SL; eye 1.7&ndash;2.3 in SL; predorsal distance 11.0&ndash; 15.3 in SL; pre-pectoral distance 6.0&ndash; 8.6 in SL; pre-pelvic distance 12.0&ndash; 16.8 in SL; pre-anal distance 17.3&ndash;24.1 in SL (Table. 1).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Colour in life&lt;/i&gt; (Fig. 1 B): ground colour of body bluish green on dorsum with silvery flanks; dorsal fin with dark chromatophores on middle inter-radial membranes between branched rays, forming black blotches; caudal fin and mouth tips blackish, top of head greenish.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Distribution.&lt;/b&gt; The species has been collected in Eraviputhenthurai (fish market and landing centre) west coast of India.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;TABLE].&lt;/b&gt; Morphometric an&dstrok; meristic characters of holotype an&dstrok; paratypes of &lt;i&gt;Amblygaster indiana&lt;/i&gt; &lt;b&gt;sp nov.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Etymology.&lt;/b&gt; The species is named after India.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Comparisons.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;Amblygaster indiana&lt;/i&gt; can be distinguished from all other Amblygasters by its larger size and deep body. Another important difference between new species and other &lt;i&gt;Amblygaster&lt;/i&gt; spp. is the difference in the gap at the junction between right and left frontoparietal striae on the top of the head. In new species a wide gap is present between the left and right frontoparietal striae, compared a narrow gap in other &lt;i&gt;Amblygaster&lt;/i&gt; spp. In addition, the new species has eight circular shaped pre-pelvic scutes instead of prominent scutes in all other &lt;i&gt;Amblygaster&lt;/i&gt; spp. (Fig. 2A). The new species also has eight circular pre-pelvic scutes compared to 13 or more in all other &lt;i&gt;Amblygaster&lt;/i&gt; spp. Moreover, the new species has more gill rakers on the lower arch: 44&ndash;49 compared to 33&ndash; 43 in &lt;i&gt;A&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;sirm&lt;/i&gt;, 31&ndash;35 in &lt;i&gt;A&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;leiogaster&lt;/i&gt; and 26&ndash;31in &lt;i&gt;A&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;clupeoides&lt;/i&gt;. The new species has larger eyes when compared to the other species.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Remarks.&lt;/b&gt; The new species has been fished with &lt;i&gt;Amblygaster sirm&lt;/i&gt; in Eraviputhenthurai coastal zone and also along the zones of south west coast of India. This indicates that the new species exhibit schooling behavior. The proportions of fish catch of &lt;i&gt;Amblygaster indiana&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Amblygaster sirm&lt;/i&gt; is a ratio of 1 to 20. Gillnets and shore seines are used to catch &lt;i&gt;Amblygaster&lt;/i&gt; spp. along south west coastal zones&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Comparative material.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Amblygaster clupeoides&lt;/i&gt;: CAS / MBRC /618, 16 cm SL, Nagapattinam, east coast, India.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Amblygaster leiogaster&lt;/i&gt;: CAS / MBRC /517, 1.5 cm SL, Parangipettai,eastcoast, India.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Amblygaster sirm&lt;/i&gt;: CAS / MBRC /396, 13.7 cm SL, Parangipettai,eastcoast, India.&lt;/p&gt;Published as part of &lt;i&gt;Mary, Anthonipillai Arockia, Balasubramanian, Thngavelu, Selvaraju, Shanker &amp; Shiny, Anthonipillai, 2017, Description of a new species of clupeid fish, Amblygaster indiana (Clupeiformes: Clupeidae), off Eraviputhenthurai, west coast of India, pp. 461-468 in Zootaxa 4247 (4)&lt;/i&gt; on pages 464-468, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4247.4.7, &lt;a href="http://zenodo.org/record/438888"&gt;http://zenodo.org/record/438888&lt;/a&gt

Amblygaster Bleeker 1849

Genus &lt;i&gt;Amblygaster&lt;/i&gt; Bleeker, 1849 &lt;p&gt; Bleeker (1849) placed the genus &lt;i&gt;Amblygaster&lt;/i&gt; with three species in the family Clupeidae. &lt;i&gt;Amblygaster&lt;/i&gt; most closely resembles &lt;i&gt;Sardinella&lt;/i&gt; and was formerly considered a synonym. These two genera are distinguished as follows: &lt;i&gt;Amblygaster&lt;/i&gt; has a median series of pre-dorsal scales, whereas &lt;i&gt;Sardinella&lt;/i&gt; has two series of pre-dorsal scales, and the pattern of fronto-parietal striate on top of head differs between the two.&lt;/p&gt;Published as part of &lt;i&gt;Mary, Anthonipillai Arockia, Balasubramanian, Thngavelu, Selvaraju, Shanker &amp; Shiny, Anthonipillai, 2017, Description of a new species of clupeid fish, Amblygaster indiana (Clupeiformes: Clupeidae), off Eraviputhenthurai, west coast of India, pp. 461-468 in Zootaxa 4247 (4)&lt;/i&gt; on page 463, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4247.4.7, &lt;a href="http://zenodo.org/record/438888"&gt;http://zenodo.org/record/438888&lt;/a&gt