298 research outputs found
Intraoperative high resolution duplex imaging during carotid endarterectomy: Which abnormalities require surgical correction?
Objectives:This study evaluates high resolution, duplex ultrasound imaging for quality control of carotid endarterectomy in order to determine which technical factors were linked to residual stenosis and to define duplex criteria for reexploration.Design, material and methods:A consecutive series of 100 patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy were evaluated. Duplex imaging was performed prior to wound closure and repeated at 6–8 weeks postoperatively. Stenoses were classified as non-significant, moderate or severe based on duplex criteria. Intimal flaps, shelves, kinks, clamp damage and fronds were identified by ultrasound imaging.Results:Five moderate stenoses were noted in the proximal endarterectomy site (PES), and at follow-up three had resolved. Adherent fronds were detected in 83% of vessels and resolved in all but three cases. At the distal endarterectomy site there were 10 severe and 12 moderate stenoses. Intimal flaps were associated with an increased incidence of residual stenosis (p = 0.010).Conclusions:We conclude that severe stenoses with an intimal flap should be corrected immediately. Further data is required to establish the significance of kinks. Residual intimal flaps in the PES appear to remodel. The role of completion duplex may lie in the modification of surgical technique to eradicate anatomical and haemodynamic imperfections
Relativistic ponderomotive force, uphill acceleration, and transition to chaos
Starting from a covariant cycle-averaged Lagrangian the relativistic
oscillation center equation of motion of a point charge is deduced and
analytical formulae for the ponderomotive force in a travelling wave of
arbitrary strength are presented. It is further shown that the ponderomotive
forces for transverse and longitudinal waves are different; in the latter,
uphill acceleration can occur. In a standing wave there exists a threshold
intensity above which, owing to transition to chaos, the secular motion can no
longer be described by a regular ponderomotive force.
PACS number(s): 52.20.Dq,05.45.+b,52.35.Mw,52.60.+hComment: 8 pages, RevTeX, 3 figures in PostScript, see also
http://www.physik.th-darmstadt.de/tqe
Mathematics of Gravitational Lensing: Multiple Imaging and Magnification
The mathematical theory of gravitational lensing has revealed many generic
and global properties. Beginning with multiple imaging, we review
Morse-theoretic image counting formulas and lower bound results, and
complex-algebraic upper bounds in the case of single and multiple lens planes.
We discuss recent advances in the mathematics of stochastic lensing, discussing
a general formula for the global expected number of minimum lensed images as
well as asymptotic formulas for the probability densities of the microlensing
random time delay functions, random lensing maps, and random shear, and an
asymptotic expression for the global expected number of micro-minima. Multiple
imaging in optical geometry and a spacetime setting are treated. We review
global magnification relation results for model-dependent scenarios and cover
recent developments on universal local magnification relations for higher order
caustics.Comment: 25 pages, 4 figures. Invited review submitted for special issue of
General Relativity and Gravitatio
(In)finite extent of stationary perfect fluids in Newtonian theory
For stationary, barotropic fluids in Newtonian gravity we give simple
criteria on the equation of state and the "law of motion" which guarantee
finite or infinite extent of the fluid region (providing a priori estimates for
the corresponding stationary Newton-Euler system). Under more restrictive
conditions, we can also exclude the presence of "hollow" configurations. Our
main result, which does not assume axial symmetry, uses the virial theorem as
the key ingredient and generalises a known result in the static case. In the
axially symmetric case stronger results are obtained and examples are
discussed.Comment: Corrections according to the version accepted by Ann. Henri Poincar
Computation of the winding number diffusion rate due to the cosmological sphaleron
A detailed quantitative analysis of the transition process mediated by a
sphaleron type non-Abelian gauge field configuration in a static Einstein
universe is carried out. By examining spectra of the fluctuation operators and
applying the zeta function regularization scheme, a closed analytical
expression for the transition rate at the one-loop level is derived. This is a
unique example of an exact solution for a sphaleron model in spacetime
dimensions.Comment: Some style corrections suggested by the referee are introduced
(mainly in Sec.II), one reference added. To appear in Phys.Rev.D 29 pages,
LaTeX, 3 Postscript figures, uses epsf.st
The EAGLE concept - A vision of a future European Land Monitoring Framework
Abstract. This paper describes the EAGLE concept, an object-oriented data model for land moni-toring. It highlights the background situation in the field of land monitoring, identifies the team in-volved, explains the technical and strategic considerations behind the concept, describes the cur-rent status of the harmonization and the developments made and outlines the future activities and requirements. After the structure and the content of the data model and matrix are explained, ex-amples are given on how to use the matrix. Besides its possible function as a semantic translation tool between different classification systems, it also can help to analyze class definitions to find semantic gaps, overlaps and inconsistencies and can serve as data model for new mapping initia-tives. On the long-term, the EAGLE concept aims at sketching a vision of a future integrated and harmonized European land monitoring system, which is designed to store all kinds of environmen-tally relevant information on the Earth´s surface, coming from both national and European data sources. Being still in the state of development, some first applications and test cases are under way. This paper also dedicates a chapter referring to the context between the concept and remote sensing in general as well as the relation between land monitoring and the principles of the Euro
The Baryon asymmetry in the Standard Model with a low cut-off
We study the generation of the baryon asymmetry in a variant of the standard
model, where the Higgs field is stabilized by a dimension-six interaction.
Analyzing the one-loop potential, we find a strong first order electroweak
phase transition for Higgs masses up to at least 170 GeV. Dimension-six
operators induce also new sources of CP violation. We compute the baryon
asymmetry in the WKB approximation. Novel source terms in the transport
equations enhance the generated baryon asymmetry. For a wide range of
parameters the model predicts a baryon asymmetry close to the observed value.Comment: 22 pages, latex, 6 figure
A strongly first order electroweak phase transition from strong symmetry-breaking interactions
We argue that a strongly first order electroweak phase transition is natural
in the presence of strong symmetry-breaking interactions, such as technicolor.
We demonstrate this using an effective linear scalar theory of the
symmetry-breaking sector.Comment: LaTex, 15 pages, 3 figures in EPS format. Phys. Rev. D approved
Typographically Correct version, minor grammatical change
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