Introduction to Measurement with Theory

This working paper is the first draft of an overview and commentary on the papers to appear in a Macroeconomic Dynamics Special Issue on Measurement with Theory. The included papers in the special issue are part of a larger initiative to promote "measurement with theory" in economics and planned to appear as special issues of other journals. A later revised draft of this initial commentary is planned to appear as the introduction to the Macroeconomic Dynamics special issue, expected to appear in 2010.Measurement; index number theory; aggregation theory.

Correcting soil deficiencies for more and better forage from permanent pastures

Cover title.Includes bibliographical references

More efficient use of fertilizers

Cover title

Cockpit Ocular Recording System (CORS)

The overall goal was the development of a Cockpit Ocular Recording System (CORS). Four tasks were used: (1) the development of the system; (2) the experimentation and improvement of the system; (3) demonstrations of the working system; and (4) system documentation. Overall, the prototype represents a workable and flexibly designed CORS system. For the most part, the hardware use for the prototype system is off-the-shelf. All of the following software was developed specifically: (1) setup software that the user specifies the cockpit configuration and identifies possible areas in which the pilot will look; (2) sensing software which integrates the 60 Hz data from the oculometer and heat orientation sensing unit; (3) processing software which applies a spatiotemporal filter to the lookpoint data to determine fixation/dwell positions; (4) data recording output routines; and (5) playback software which allows the user to retrieve and analyze the data. Several experiments were performed to verify the system accuracy and quantify system deficiencies. These tests resulted in recommendations for any future system that might be constructed

An Environmental Impact Assessment of Perfluorocarbon Thermal Working Fluid Use On Board Crewed Spacecraft

The design and operation of crewed spacecraft requires identifying and evaluating chemical compounds that may present reactivity and compatibility risks with the environmental control and life support (ECLS) system. Such risks must be understood so that appropriate design and operational controls, including specifying containment levels, can be instituted or an appropriate substitute material selected. Operational experience acquired during the International Space Station (ISS) program has found that understanding ECLS system and environmental impact presented by thermal control system working fluids is imperative to safely operating any crewed space exploration vehicle. Perfluorocarbon fluids are used as working fluids in thermal control fluid loops on board the ISS. Also, payload hardware developers have identified perfluorocarbon fluids as preferred thermal control working fluids. Interest in using perfluorocarbon fluids as thermal control system working fluids for future crewed space vehicles and outposts is high. Potential hazards associated with perfluorocarbon fluids are discussed with specific attention given to engineering assessment of ECLS system compatibility, compatibility testing results, and spacecraft environmental impact. Considerations for perfluorocarbon fluid use on crewed spacecraft and outposts are summarized

Deep ocean disposal of sewage sludge off Orange County, California: a research plan

Even though the discharge of sludge into the ocean via an outfall is not now permitted, this research plan has been prepared to show what could be learned with a full scale experimental sludge discharge of 150 dry tons/day by the County Sanitation Districts of Orange County into deep water (over 1000 feet). To provide a wide range of inputs and evaluation, a broad-based Research Planning Committee was established to advise the Environmental Quality Laboratory on the overall content and details of the research plan. Two meetings were held at EQL on: March 4-5, 1982: The entire Committee July 19-20, 1982: A working subgroup of the Committee The entire Committee is listed in Appendix B, with footnotes to indicate meeting attendance. Those unable to come to a meeting were asked to comment on the drafts by mail or telephone. We gratefully acknowledge the members of the Research Planning Committee for their generous help in formulating the research tasks and reviewing report drafts

Temperature Dependence of Blue Phosphorescent Cyclometalated Ir(III) Complexes

The photophysical properties for a series of facial (fac) cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes (fac-Ir(C^N)_3 (C^N = 2-phenylpyridyl (ppy), 2-(4,6-difluorophenyl)pyridyl (F2ppy), 1-phenylpyrazolyl (ppz), 1-(2,4-difluorophenyl)pyrazolyl) (F2ppz), and 1-(2-(9,9′-dimethylfluorenyl))pyrazolyl (flz)), fac-Ir(C^N)_2(C^N′) (C^N = ppz or F2ppz and C^N′ = ppy or F2ppy), and fac-Ir(CC′)_3 (C^C′ = 1-phenyl-3-methylbenzimidazolyl (pmb)) have been studied in dilute 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF) solution in a temperature range of 77−378 K. Photoluminescent quantum yields (Φ) for the 10 compounds at room temperature vary between near zero and unity, whereas all emit with high efficiency at low temperature (77 K). The quantum yield for fac-Ir(ppy)_3 (Φ = 0.97) is temperature-independent. For the other complexes, the temperature-dependent data indicates that the luminescent efficiency is primarily determined by thermal deactivation to a nonradiative state. Activation energies and rate constants for both radiative and nonradiative processes were obtained using a Boltzmann analysis of the temperature-dependent luminescent decay data. Activation energies to the nonradiative state are found to range between 1600 and 4800 cm^−1. The pre-exponential factors for deactivation are large for complexes with C^N ligands (1011−1013 s^−1) and significantly smaller for fac-Ir(pmb)_3 (109 s^−1). The kinetic parameters for decay and results from density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the triplet state are consistent with a nonradiative process involving Ir−N (Ir−C for fac-Ir(pmb)_3) bond rupture leading to a five-coordinate species that has triplet metal-centered (^3MC) character. Linear correlations are observed between the activation energy and the energy difference calculated for the emissive and ^3MC states. The energy level for the ^3MC state is estimated to lie between 21700 and 24000 cm^−1 for the fac-Ir(C^N)_3 complexes and at 28000 cm^−1 for fac-Ir(pmb)_3