FReD: The floral reflectance spectra database

Floral reflectance measurements are of great value to researchers who need consider the real colour of flowers, for example in the context of how the flowers appear to their pollinators. We have thus developed the Floral Reflectance Database (FReD) to assist these researchers, gathering together floral reflectance data in a publicly available, searchable online database. The first version of the database is now available online at "http://www.reflectance.co.uk":http://www.reflectance.co.uk. We anticipate that this resource will be of interest to researchers working on flower colour and animal vision

CLAN POLITICS: A CRITICAL ROLE IN RESOLVING MUSLIM CONFLICT IN THE PHILIPPINES

In 2019, after decades of peace negotiations between the government of the Philippines (GPH) and Muslim separatist groups, the Philippines launched the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM). However, in addition to the Moro separatist groups, clans also play a critical role in the region by dominating the political space. This thesis examines the contentious role of clan politics in the negotiations leading to the creation and implementation of the BARMM. It finds that clan politics contributed to the failure of past peace agreements due to corruption and inter-ethnic and intra-ethnic clan violence, often caused by land disputes and the quest for power and resources. Clan violence is also often associated with private armed groups (PAG). The Bangsamoro Organic Law (BOL), used to create the BARMM, addressed many issues related to clan politics. This is evident in the BARMM’s adoption of a parliamentary form of government, establishment of an internal and state audit system for accounting of government resources, and the disarmament of PAGs. However, the BARMM’s success may depend on the sustainment of programs stipulated in the BOL, the complete disarmament of the PAGs and the strengthening of regional and local government institutions.Colonel, Philippine ArmyApproved for public release. Distribution is unlimited

Identifying Opportunities for Collaboration Across the Social Sciences to Reach the 10-10-10: A Multilevel Approach.

BACKGROUND:The national and global strategy to combat HIV, often referred to as the "90-90-90," aims to diagnose 90% of people living with HIV, get 90% of those diagnosed onto antiretroviral treatment (ART), and achieve viral suppression in 90% of those on ART. The remaining 10-10-10 who will be undiagnosed, not on ART, or not virally suppressed, include vulnerable persons and populations most affected by social determinants of health. Given their foci on the social determinants of health at the individual, social, and structural levels, social scientists are in a prime position to help reach the 10-10-10. A potentially effective way for social scientists to achieve this goal is to examine the issues that affect the 10-10-10 using a multilevel framework, to understand at what levels their own approaches fit within such a multilevel framework, and to seek intentional collaborations with other social scientists who may work at different levels but whose approaches may complement their own within multilevel collaborations. APPROACH:The present article describes how a multilevel framework can guide collaboration across disciplines within the social sciences toward the common goal of reaching the 10-10-10. CONCLUSIONS:Within a multilevel framework, social scientists can work collaboratively to address the needs of individuals among the 10-10-10 within the social and structural contexts (eg, social norms, stigma, poverty, and barriers to care) that affect their health. Such an approach draws on the unique strengths and approaches of different social-science disciplines while also building capacity for individuals most affected by social determinants of health