Well-being of suckling calves under two different rearing systems: case study in the central milk basin of Argentina

En el presente trabajo se llevo a cabo un estudio de caso con enfoque cuantitativo. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el bienestar en teneros lechales durante la época invernal bajo dos diferentes sistemas de crianza, que se utilizan en la zona. Los terneros, se alojaron en dos sistemas: en estaca los machos y en jaula las hembras. Los animales recibieron dos tomas diarias de leche (4 l/día), balanceado iniciador y agua ad libitum. Se registraron pesos iníciales y finales. La ganancia de peso se analizó mediante técnicas estadísticas descriptivas. Se tomaron muestra de saliva para determinar cortisol (CS) en cuatro momentos del día. Los datos fueron analizados para detectar variaciones horarias. El CS no mostró fluctuaciones diarias. Durante quince días y día por medio, se registraron las conductas: parado, echado, comiendo y otras. La metodología de observación y registro utilizada fue el muestreo de barrido a intervalos regulares. Los datos de analizaron con la prueba del c2. El efecto tratamiento fue significativo sobre el comportamiento (p<0,01). Los animales de los dos sistemas gastaron el 50% del tiempo en la conducta de reposo.Well-being of suckling calves under two different rearing systems. Case study in the central milk basin of Argentina. In this paper we conducted a case study with quantitative approach. The aim of this study was to assess welfare in suckling calves during the winter season under two different rearing systems, which are used in the area. Calves were housed in two systems: a stake in males and females cage. All animals received 4 L milk per day, in two servings. Water and a commercial starter were offered ad libitum. Initial and final weights were recorded, weight gain was analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques. Saliva samples were taken at four times over the day, to analyze saliva cortisol (SC). Data were analyzed for time variations. Neither daily fluctuations in SC concentrations nor system effects were detected in SC concentrations. Different behaviors: standing, lying, eating and "others" were observed every other day over a fortnight. Scan sampling at regular intervals was utilized. Data were analyzed by a c2 test. Systems effects were observed on behavioral conducts (p<0.01). Animals in both systems spent 50% of their time lying.Fil: Leva, Paula Edit. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: García, M. S.. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Toffoli Arnaudo, Guillermo Daniel. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Rodríguez, A. G.. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Rey, Florencia. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Single nucleotide polymorphism-based genome-wide chromosome copy change, loss of heterozygosity, and aneuploidy in Barrett's esophagus neoplastic progression.

Chromosome copy gain, loss, and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) involving most chromosomes have been reported in many cancers; however, less is known about chromosome instability in premalignant conditions. 17p LOH and DNA content abnormalities have been previously reported to predict progression from Barrett's esophagus (BE) to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA). Here, we evaluated genome-wide chromosomal instability in multiple stages of BE and EA in whole biopsies. Forty-two patients were selected to represent different stages of progression from BE to EA. Whole BE or EA biopsies were minced, and aliquots were processed for flow cytometry and genotyped with a paired constitutive control for each patient using 33,423 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). Copy gains, losses, and LOH increased in frequency and size between early- and late-stage BE (P 30% in early and late stages, respectively. A set of statistically significant events was unique to either early or late, or both, stages, including previously reported and novel abnormalities. The total number of SNP alterations was highly correlated with DNA content aneuploidy and was sensitive and specific to identify patients with concurrent EA (empirical receiver operating characteristic area under the curve = 0.91). With the exception of 9p LOH, most copy gains, losses, and LOH detected in early stages of BE were smaller than those detected in later stages, and few chromosomal events were common in all stages of progression. Measures of chromosomal instability can be quantified in whole biopsies using SNP-based genotyping and have potential to be an integrated platform for cancer risk stratification in BE

Brazil's Emerging Roadmap for Internet Governance

Thesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2014This thesis is an examination of the roadmap Brazil is drawing to govern the Internet domestically, and potentially extend to other countries and the international system as a whole. This map includes the development of institutions and regulations to govern the infrastructure and information communications technology (ICT) used collectively and individually by Brazilian citizens. The principal means of depicting this roadmap are an exploration of the Marco Civil da Internet, a Bill of Rights for the Internet, and the Comitê Gestor da Internet, an Internet Steering Committee that governs and administers aspects of the country's national network. Through this examination of two principal examples and a number of secondary ones, Brazil's shows how to connect technical codes with political ideals to govern the new realities of the information age. To explain how this coexistence of political and technical ideals translates to policy objectives, this thesis will examine the legal code and history of the Marco Civil, the membership and objectives of the CGI, and the tenets created by the CGI instilled in the bill that now governs Brazil's Internet today. It also integrates the work of scholars that have developed theories to explain how governments collaborate with citizens through democratic, multistakeholder models that manage these new systems through technical means, such as the coordination and assignment of root level domains or the changeover to IPv6. The Internet is a revolutionary new mechanism to achieve objectives such as to innovate and develop economies, ensure security, network neutrality, freedom of expression, privacy and human rights. By constructing and administering ICT infrastructure through a revolutionary democratic model enabled by the strongest network possible, the Marco Civil contains both technical and political elements to build and maintain a stronger civil society, democratic system and economy simultaneously. This is what makes these new Brazilian regulations and institutions revolutionary, pioneering examples of how to approach our new reality

Political and Economic Implications of Authoritarian Control of the Internet

Part 1: Themes and IssuesInternational audienceDuring the early days of the 2011 Egyptian Revolution, the Mubarak regime shut down all Egyptian Internet access with the exception of one service provider, Noor ADSL. Analysts have noted that President Mubarak, in attempting to restrict Internet access, suffered from the dictator’s digital dilemma, and have speculated that Noor’s exceptional treatment was due to its role as a telecommunications provider for the Egyptian Stock Exchange. This paper shows, through an analysis of events, that stock exchange connectivity could not have been the rationale for Noor’s continued services and that transaction cost economics, as described by North’s theory of the state, provides a more thorough explanation for Mubarak’s selective intervention with regard to Internet service. Decisions made during this series of events have implications beyond the Arab Spring. Insights are drawn from the particular case of Noor’s role in the Egyptian Revolution and, in the process, a model is developed for future examination of the general case of the potential for loss of critical Internet infrastructure service under authoritarian governments

Violencia hacia los adultos mayores

Obra colectiva que analiza la problemática de la violencia y los sujetos vulnerables desde un enfoque interdisciplinario.Fil: Arnaudo, Daniel. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Obaj, Jimena. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Lloveras, Nora. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Orlandi, Olga E. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Derech

Caracterización agroclimática y edafológica del centro de la provincia de Santa Fe

En la provincia de Santa Fe se encuentran representadas 5 ecoregiones. Chaco húmedo y seco, Espinal, Pampa, Delta e islas del Paraná (Figura 1). El presente trabajo describe los índices agroclimáticos y aptitud de los suelos para frutales en la ecoregión del Espinal incluyendo al esteel Albardón Costero. El Espinal (Figura 1) es una zona de transición o ecotono entre las ecoregiones Chaqueña y Pampeana, caracterizada por la presencia de bosques y sabanas; con ausencia total de especies del género Schinopsis. El estrato arbóreo es poco denso, en isletas o dispersos, presenta Algarrobos (Prosopis sp.), Ñandubay (Prosopis affinis), Quebracho blanco (Aspidosperma quebracho blanco), Caranday (Trithrinax campestris), Mistol (Zizyphus mistol), Chañar (Geoffroea decorticans), Espinillo (Acacia caven), Garabato (Acacia bonaerencis), Tusca (Acacia albacorticata). Son los más abundantes el “algarrobo negro” y el “ñandubay” que –por sobre explotaciónhan sido reemplazados por “chañarales” o “espinillares”. Los bosques remanentes son muy escasos y corresponden a algarrobales. Las comunidades herbáceas se integran en 4 tipos distintos: flechillares, praderas halófitas, espartillares y comunidades hidrófilas. Las sabanas graminosas están compuestas por aibe (Elionurus muticus), paja boba (Leptochloa chloridiformis), cola de liebre (Bothriochloa laguroides var. laguroides), Chloris canterae var. canterae, pasto puna (Jarava brachychaeta ) , flechilla (Nassella neesiana) (“”), flechilla mansa (Nassella hyalina plumerillo (Trichloris crinita) y pasto alambre (Sporobolus indicus). En los suelos bajos y cañadas que constituyen la prolongación austral de los Bajos Submeridionales hay “praderas saladas” de pelo de chancho (Distichlis spicata var. spicata) y “espartillares” (Spartina spartinae ) y “Aibales” (Elionurus muticus). En los cuerpos de agua dulce, charcos y lagunas ocurren verdolagales, rodeados por canutillares, allí el estrato arbóreo está ausente o muy disperso (Hilgert & DAngelo, 1996; Pensiero et al., 2005).Fil: Leva, P.. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: García, M.S.. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Toffoli Arnaudo, Guillermo Daniel. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Pilatti, Miguel Angel. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Alesso, Carlos Agustín. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentin

Determination of damage caused by different populations of Diloboderus abderus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) larvae on wheat

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most widely cultivated cereal crop worldwide because it is an important food source for humans. South America has long been associated with wheat production and export. Given the increased application of no till in the last decades, the scarabid Diloboderus abderus has become the main soil pest of this crop. The larvae of this insect (white grubs) feed on roots, causing plant weakening and death. The aim of this work was to determine the relationship between the soil population of D. abderus larvae and the number of established wheat plants. In a plot cultivated with the wheat cultivar Don Mario Algarrobo at a seeding rate of 130 kg ha-1 and with high population levels of this pest, 1-m2 sites with 20-39; 40-60; 80-100; 120-160 and or 200-240 plants were established. At the tillering phenological stage, the number of tillers per plant and of insect larvae in each subplot was counted. The results showed a significant reduction in plant density with increasing soil larval population. The crop counterbalanced the reduction in plant number by increasing the tiller number per unit area. The present work shows that population levels above 11 larvae m-2 generate a significant reduction in the number of wheat plants established in the crop.Fil: del Valle, Eleodoro Eduardo. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; ArgentinaFil: Mayer, Gabriel F.. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Mazuquín, Gabriel. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Nari, Pablo. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Toffoli Arnaudo, Guillermo Daniel. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Imvinkelried, Horacio Omar. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentin