26 research outputs found

    The use of silicon photomultipliers for very high energy gamma ray astronomy: the optical issues

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    International audienceDue to its sensitivity and speed, the detector still widely used in Cerenkov astrophysics experiments remains the Photo-Multiplier Tube (PMT). However, there are some disadvantages to the PMT technology: the rather poor quantum efficiency, the use of high voltages, the high cost when used in large number in a matrix arrangement and a subsequent large weight. Hence, we have investigated the possibility to design future Cerenkov telescope cameras based on solid state technology, specifically Geiger Avalanche PhotoDiodes (G-APD's). This paper describes our extensive simulations to design the optical setup to be employed with G-APD's. We also discuss the reflector configurations, pixel layouts, light concentrators, microlens arrays and spectral efficiencies to optimize light collection. The electronic aspects of our work were presented in a recent companion paper (Pellion et al., Exp. Astron. 27(3):187, 2010)

    Fragmentation of small carbon clusters, a review

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    An overview of the works devoted to fragmentation of small carbon clusters is given in a first part. Fragmentation of swift neutral and (multi) charged carbon clusters studied with the AGAT spectrometer is presented and discussed in a second part

    Investigation of critical parameters controlling the efficiency of associative ionization

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    This paper compiles our merged-beam experimental ïŹndings for the associative ionization (AI) process from charged reactants, with the aim of guiding future investigations with e.g. the double electrostatic ion storage ring DESIREE in Stockholm. A reinvestigation of the isotopic effect in H−(D−) + He+ collisions is presented, along with a review of H3 + and NO+ production by AI involving ion pairs or excited neutrals, and put in perspective with the mutual neutralization and radiative association reactions. Critical parameters are identiïŹed and evaluated for their systematic role in controlling the magnitude of the cross section: isotopic substitution, exothermicity, electronic state density, and spin statistics

    Dans le sillage de

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    En France, prĂšs de 800 000 enfants entrent chaque annĂ©e Ă  l’école primaire et vont cheminer jusqu’en fin de collĂšge. Plus d’un tiers d’entre eux quittera le collĂšge en situation d’échec ou d’orientation non choisie. Pour eux, comme pour une majoritĂ© de ceux qui rejoignent le lycĂ©e gĂ©nĂ©ral, le goĂ»t des sciences n’aura guĂšre Ă©tĂ© Ă©veillĂ©, ou aura disparu. Depuis 1996, l’AcadĂ©mie des sciences, avec La main Ă  la pĂąte, tente d’accompagner les professeurs pour inverser cet Ă©tat de fait. Une nouvelle Ă©tape est en cours, avec des Maisons pour la science destinĂ©es Ă  mettre enseignants de primaire et de collĂšge au sein des universitĂ©s, en lien avec la science et la technique vivantes, de façon structurĂ©e

    , un an aprĂšs...

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    La rĂ©forme du recrutement et de la formation des enseignants du primaire et du secondaire, lancĂ©e par le gouvernement en 2008, a introduit l’obligation de l’obtention d’un master pour valider les concours (voir encadrĂ©, p. 21). Lors du congrĂšs gĂ©nĂ©ral de la SociĂ©tĂ© Française de Physique, qui s’est tenu Ă  Bordeaux en juillet 2011, une table ronde a Ă©tĂ© consacrĂ©e Ă  un bilan de la façon dont les diffĂ©rentes formations ont abordĂ© ce processus de « mastĂ©risation » en physique et chimie. Dans ce bref texte, qui prĂ©sente une synthĂšse de la discussion lors de cette table ronde, on revient sur les difficultĂ©s d’organisation qui ont suivi la mise en oeuvre de la rĂ©forme Ă  la rentrĂ©e scolaire 2010-2011
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