U.S. Extended Continental Shelf Cruise to Map Gaps in Kela and Karin Ridges, Johnston Atoll, Equatorial Pacific Ocean

The objectives for cruise KM14-17 are to map the bathymetry of two gaps in two submarine ridges in the vicinity of Johnston Atoll. One ridge gap occurs along the informally named Keli Ridge (Hein et al., 2005) south of Johnston Atoll and the other ridge gap occurs north of Johnston Atoll that separates Sculpin Ridge (also informally called Karin Ridge) and Horizon Ridge, all in the central equatorial Pacific (Fig. 1). The cruise took advantage of a scheduled dead-head transit from Papeete, Tahiti to Honolulu, Hawai’i that could be extended for 5 days to include the planned mapping. The mapping is in support of the U.S. (Extended Continental Shelf (ECS) Task Force. These areas were identified by the ECS Central Pacific Integrated Regional Team as having the potential for an ECS

Making meaningful comparisons between road and rail – substituting average energy consumption data for rail with empirical analysis

Within the transport sector, modal shift towards more efficient and less polluting modes could be a key policy goal to help meet targets to reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions. However, making comparisons between modes is not necessarily straightforward. Average energy and emissions data are often relied upon, particularly for, rail, which may not be applicable to a given context. Some UK train operating companies have recently fitted electricity metres to their trains, from which energy consumption data have been obtained. This has enabled an understanding to be gained of how energy consumption and related emissions are affected by a number of factors, including train and service type. Comparisons are made with existing data for road and rail. It is noted that although more specific data can be useful in informing policy and making some decisions, average data continue to play an important role when considering the overall picture

From the Arctic to the Tropics: The U.S. UNCLOS Bathymetric Mapping Program

Since CHC2006, the University of New Hampshire’s Center for Coastal & Ocean Mapping/Joint Hydrographic Center has mapped with multibeam, the bathymetry of an additional ~220,000 km2 of seafloor in areas as diverse as the Arctic, the Northern Marianas of the western Pacific and the Gulf of Mexico. The mapping supports any potential U.S. submission for of extended continental shelves under Article 76 of the United Nations Convention of the Law of the Sea. Consequently, the mapping has concentrated on capturing the complete extent of the 2500-m isobath and the zone where the Article 76-defined foot of the slope exists. In practice, the complete area between ~1500 and ~4500 m water depths is mapped in each region (with the exception of the Arctic Ocean). The data have been collected in conditions that range from harsh Arctic sea ice to the calms of the Philippine Sea tropics. Although, some of the conditions have limited the quality of some of the data, the data quality is generally quite good and geological surprises have been uncovered on each of the cruises

Mapping in the Arctic Ocean in Support of a Potential Extended Continental Shelf

Under Article 76 of The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS; U.N. 1997), coastal states may, under certain circumstances, gain sovereign rights over the resources of the seafloor and subsurface of “submerged extensions of their continental margin” beyond the recognized 200 nautical mile (nmi) limit of their Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). The establishment of an “extended continental shelf” (ECS) under Article 76 involves the demonstration that the area of the ECS is a “natural prolongation” of a coastal state’s territorial landmass and then the application of a series of formulae and limit lines that are based on determination of the “foot of the slope,” (defined in Article 76 as the maximum change in gradient at it’s base), the underlying sediment thickness, and the locations of the 2500 m isobath and the 350 nmi line from the territorial sea base line. Although the United States has not yet acceded to the UNCLOS, increasing recognition that implementation of Article 76 could confer sovereign rights over large and potentially resource-rich areas of the seabed beyond its current 200 nautical mile (nmi) limit has renewed interest in the potential for accession to the treaty and spurred U.S. efforts to map area of potential “extended continental shelf”

High Resolution Mapping in support of UNCLOS Article 76: Seeing the seafloor with new eyes

Since 2003, the Center for Coastal & Ocean Mapping/Joint Hydrographic Center at the University of New Hampshire (UNH) has been conducting multibeam mapping of many U.S. continental margins in areas where there is a potential for an extended continental shelf as defined under Article 76 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. UNH was directed by Congress, through funding by the National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration, to map the bathymetry in areas in the Arctic Ocean, Bering Sea, Gulf of Alaska, Northwest Atlantic, northern Gulf of Mexico, the Northern Mariana Islands, Kingman Reef and Palmyra Atoll (Fig. 1). The purpose of these surveys is to accurately locate the 2500-m isobath and to collect the bathymetry data required to eventually determine the location of the maximum change in gradient on Figure 1. Locations and year of bathymetry mapping (yellow areas) for U.S. UNCLOS concerns. the continental rises. A total area of about 862,000 km2 has been completed; approximately 250,000 km2 remains to be mapped. The area between the ~1000 and ~4800-m isobaths has been mapped on each of the completed margins. The mapping has been conducted with multibeam echosounders (MBES) that typically collect soundings with a spacing of ~50 m or less in the focused water depths. After each area is mapped, the data are gridded at 100-m spatial resolution although higher resolution is possible in the shallower regions. The depth precision achieved on all of the cruises has been \u3c1% of the water depth and typically has been \u3c0.5% of the water depth, based on cross-line comparisons. Navigation on all of the cruises has been acquired with inertial-aided DGPS using commercial differential corrections that provide 2 position accuracies much better than ±5 m. All of the MBES systems used produce acoustic backscatter as well as bathymetry but the backscatter quality varies among systems and conditions. Table 1 is a summary of the mapping completed and of areas yet to be mapped for bathymetry. The data are all processed at sea by UNH personnel during their collection and the data, grids and views of the processed data are posted on the worldwide web soon after completion of each area. The data, grids and images can be viewed and downloaded at http://ccom.unh.edu/law_of_the_sea.html

Design of a processor to support the teaching of computer systems

Teaching computer systems, including computer architecture, assembly language programming and operating system implementation, is a challenging occupation. At the University of Waikato this is made doubly true because we require all computer science and information systems students study this material at second year. The challenges of teaching difficult material to a wide range of students have driven us to find ways of making the material more accessible. The corner stone of our strategy for delivering this material is the design and implementation of a custom CPU that meets the needs of teaching. This paper describes our motivation and these needs. We present the CPU and board design and describe the implementation of the CPU in an FPGA. The paper also includes some reflections on the use of a real CPU rather than a simulation environment. We conclude with a discussion of how the CPU can be used for advanced classes in computer architecture and a description of the current status of the project

Fit for the Stage: Regency Actors and the Inspiration Behind Romantic Drama

In this dissertation, I argue that British verse tragedies of the Romantic era must be looked at not as closet dramas divorced from the stage, but as performance texts written with specific actors in mind. Because individual actors inspired and helped to shape dramatic works by early-nineteenth-century canonical poets, these works cannot be fully understood without an appreciation of the performers who helped make them what they are. By examining those performers, their public personas, their personal strengths, and the cultural ideals they embodied, we can better appreciate what the plays were trying to achieve. Also, knowing who was meant to perform a role can prevent us from going astray with misinterpretations that fail to account for how dramatists intended their main characters to be perceived. By properly understanding the plays of this era within the contexts in which they were meant to be performed, we begin to get a better understanding of the course of British drama in general. In the first chapter, I outline the key characteristics of Romantic drama that separated it from the rising melodrama of the period. Romantic drama was character-based, utilized ambitious poetic language, and seriously considered moral questions. These qualities, I argue, all required skilled actors. Thus, Romantic drama is inherently linked to the star actors of the Regency period who dominated the stage at the time. The chapter includes an in-depth analysis of William Wordsworth\u27s The Borderers as the Ur-text that embodies all of the elements of Romantic drama, as well as a survey of the development and decline of verse tragedy in the nineteenth century. The following three chapters offer case studies of individual performers who influenced dramas by canonical authors. Chapter 2 examines Sarah Siddons\u27s role in Joanna Baillie\u27s tragedy De Monfort. Chapter 3 looks at Samuel Taylor Coleridge\u27s rewriting process in turning his unperformed manuscript Osorio into the stage hit Remorse with the aid of Julia Glover. Chapter 4 relates to Eliza O\u27Neill, the actress who converted Percy Shelley to write for the stage and inspired the heroine of The Cenci

Conducting Successful Supervision: Novel Elements Towards an Integrative Approach

In recent years that has been an increasing interest in supervision within the UK's cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) community. This is because the role of supervision has begun to be recognized in relation to the delivery of effective clinical services (Department of Health, 1998), and because of a clear recognition of the need to ensure that CBT practitioners are competent. Perhaps less well recognized in CBT are a number of interesting educational approaches to supervision, ones that may make supervision more successful. This paper summarizes some of these theories from a CBT perspective. Whilst the evidence base does not yet justify being too prescriptive, it is argued that some of these theories, such as Vygotsky's notion of the “Zone of Proximal Development”, provide helpful prompts for reflecting on CBT supervision. An integrative model is constructed from these theories, with illustrative examples and suggestions for future research