243 research outputs found
Monte Carlo Simulation of the Semimetal-Insulator Phase Transition in Monolayer Graphene
A 2+1 dimensional fermion field theory is proposed as a model for the
low-energy electronic excitations in monolayer graphene. The model consists of
N=2 four-component Dirac fermions moving in the plane and interacting via a
contact interaction between charge densities. For strong couplings there is a
continuous transition to a Mott insulting phase. We present results of an
extensive numerical study of the model's critical region, including the order
parameter, its associated susceptibility, and for the first time the
quasiparticle propagator. The data enables an extraction of the critical
exponents at the transition, including the dynamical critical exponent, which
are hypothesised to be universal features of a quantum critical point. The
relation of our model with others in the literature is discussed, along with
the implications for physical graphene following from our value of the critical
coupling.Comment: 19 page
Shareholder Protection and Stock Market Development: An Empirical Test of the Legal Origins Hypothesis
We test the 'law matters' and 'legal origin' claims using a newly created panel dataset meas-uring legal change over time in a sample of developed and developing countries. Our dataset improves on previous ones by avoiding country-specific variables in favour of functional and generic descriptors, by taking into account a wider range of legal data, and by considering the effects of weighting variables in different ways, thereby ensuring greater consistency of cod-ing. Our analysis shows that legal origin explains part of the pattern of change in the adop-tion of shareholder protection measures over the period from the mid-1990s to the present day: in both developed and developing countries, common law systems were more protective of shareholder interests than civil law ones. We explain this the result on the basis of the head start common law systems had in adjusting to an emerging 'global' standard based mainly on Anglo-American practice. Our analysis also shows, however, that civil law origin was not much of an obstacle to convergence around this model, since civilian systems were catching up with their counterparts in the common law. We then investigate whether there was a link in this period between increased shareholder protection and stock market devel-opment, using a number of measures such as stock market capitalisation, the value of stock-trading and the number of listed firms, after controlling for legal origin, the state of economic development of particular countries, and their position on the World Bank rule of law index. We find no evidence of a long-run impact of legal change on stock market development. This finding is incompatible with the claim that legal origin affects the efficiency of legal rules and ultimately economic development. Possible explanations for our result are that laws have been overly protective of shareholders; transplanted laws have not worked as ex-pected; and, more generally, the exogenous legal origin effect is not as strong as widely sup-posed.Law and finance, shareholder rights, corporate governance, corporate finance, legal origins, comparative law.
Strong interaction effects at a Fermi surface in a model for voltage-biased bilayer graphene
Monte Carlo simulation of a 2+1 dimensional model of voltage-biased bilayer
graphene, consisting of relativistic fermions with chemical potential mu
coupled to charged excitations with opposite sign on each layer, has exposed
non-canonical scaling of bulk observables near a quantum critical point found
at strong coupling. We present a calculation of the quasiparticle dispersion
relation E(k) as a function of exciton source j in the same system, employing
partially twisted boundary conditions to boost the number of available momentum
modes. The Fermi momentum k_F and superfluid gap Delta are extracted in the
limit j tends to zero for three different values of mu, and support a strongly
interacting scenario at the Fermi surface with Delta of order O(mu). We propose
an explanation for the observation mu < k_F in terms of a dynamical critical
exponent z < 1.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figure
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Preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of YqjH from Escherichia coli: a putative cytoplasmic ferri-siderophore reductase
YqjH is a cytoplasmic FAD-containing protein from Escherichia coli; based on homology to ViuB of Vibrio cholerae, it potentially acts as a ferri-siderophore reductase. This work describes its overexpression, purification, crystallization and structure solution at 3.0 A resolution. YqjH shares high sequence similarity with a number of known siderophore-interacting proteins and its structure was solved by molecular replacement using the siderophore-interacting protein from Shewanella putrefaciens as the search model. The YqjH structure resembles those of other members of the NAD(P)H:flavin oxidoreductase superfamily
Impact of smart metering data aggregation on distribution system state estimation
Pseudo MV/LV (Medium/Low Voltage) transformer loads are usually used as partial inputs to the Distribution System
State Estimation (DSSE) in MV systems. Such pseudo load can be represented by the aggregation of Smart Metering (SM) data. This follows the government restriction that Distribution Network Operators (DNOs) can only use aggregated SM data. Therefore, we assess the subsequent performance of DSSE, which shows the impact of this restriction - it affects the voltage angle estimation significantly. The possibilities for improving the DSSE accuracy under this restriction are further studied. First, two strategies that can potentially relax this restrictionâs impact are studied: the correlations among pseudo loadsâ errors are taken into account in the DSSE process; a power loss estimation method is proposed. Second, the investments (i.e., either adding measurement devices or increasing the original devicesâ accuracy) for the satisfactory DSSE results are assessed. All these are for addressing DNOsâ concerns on this restriction
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