37 research outputs found

    Significance of sacred sites for riparian forest conservation in Central Benin

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    Ibu odo, or sacred pools or points in the river, are generally respected by Tchabe communities along the Oueme and Okpara Rivers of Central Benin (West Africa). Ibu odo are governed by rules that may influence conservation practices, including bans on fish poisoning, over-fishing and pollution and discouragement of cattle grazing and cultivation in their vicinity. Riparian forest structure and diversity was examined in three sites adjacent to sacred pools as well as in riparian areas adjacent to various land uses in the region. Diversity in riparian forest tree species was highest in areas adjacent to sacred forests, while tree basal area was larger in areas adjacent to village uses or to sacred lands. The most remote site had the most diverse riparian forest with the largest basal area. Concurrent interviews with elders and hunting chiefs revealed the significant cultural importance of sacred pools and riparian resources. Ibu odo were respected not only by resident populations but also by migrants to the area. Riparian forests were valued for their many ecosystem services including soil fertility and their functions as windbreaks and hunting grounds. Ibu odo should be incorporated into a long-term management strategy for the Oueme River basin that will prevent the destruction of vegetation while conserving riparian forests. This would be crucial to flood control and biodiversity conservation in central Benin

    Evaluation participative de types de semis et de l’écartement en culture de fonio (Digitaria exilis Stapf.) au Bénin

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    Le fonio, ancienne céréale africaine, est négligée malgré son rôle crucial dans la sécurité alimentaire. Cette étude vise à comparer les types de semis pour l’amélioration des techniques culturales de cette espèce au Bénin. Les semis en lignes continues à 25cm et 30cm entre lignes, et à la volée ont été comparés dans un dispositif de bloc aléatoire complet dispersé dans dixhuit villages. Les données agronomiques ont été collectées et les perceptions paysannes recueillies au moyen de questions structurées. Les statistiques descriptives, analyses de variance et tests de Khi-deux ont été réalisées. Les semis en ligne ont consommé près du double de la quantité de semence utilisée à la volée. Ils ont nécessité plus de deux fois la durée du semis à la volée. Cependant, le désherbage a été plus facile et rapide avec les semis en lignes. Les types de semis n’ont eu aucun effet significatif sur la verse des plants. Les rendements en grain ont été meilleurs pour les semis en lignes continues avec un surplus de 150 à près de 200 kg/ha par rapport à la volée. Les deux écartements du semis en ligne ont présenté des tendances similaires pour l’ensemble des variables évaluées. Les producteurs ont noté que le désherbage à la houe est facile dans les semis en ligne qu’à la volée, bien que cette opération se trouve laborieux et difficile. Le semis en ligne amélioré par un outil mécanique équipé de semoir, apporterait une plus-value à la production du fonio. Fonio, former African cereal, is neglected despite its crucial role in food security. This study aims to compare types and spacings of sowing for improving fonio cultivation techniques in Benin. Sowing in continuous rows at 25cm and 30cm between rows, and by broadcasting were compared in dispersed random complete block design in eighteen villages. Agronomic data was collected and farmer perceptions collected through structured questionnaires. Descriptive statistics, analysis of variance and Chi-square tests were performed. Sowing in rows consumed almost double the seed rate used for broadcasting. They required more than twice the time spent for broadcasting sowing. However, weeding was easier and faster to manage in rows sowing. Sowing types had no significant effect on plant lodging. Grain yields were better under continuous rows sowing with surplus of 150 to nearly 200 kg/ha over broadcasting technique. The two spacing of in-rows sowing showed similar trends for all variables assessed. Farmers noted that hoe weeding is easier in row sowing than by broadcasting, although they find difficult row seeding method. In-row sowing improved by mechanical tool equipped with a seeder, would bring an added value to fonio production chain

    Land Use / Land Cover Change And Impact On Carbon Stocks In The Atacora Chain Of Mountains, A Biodiversity Hotspot In Benin (West Africa)

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    Mountain areas are fragile ecosystems that play important roles in people’s livelihoods and maintenance of the global ecosystem through the provision of many ecosystem services. Land use/cover (LULC) change is considered one of the major threats to mountain areas due to its effects on ecosystem services including carbon stocks. In this study we assessed LULC change between 1987 and 2015 and its impact on aboveground carbon stocks in the Atacora Chain of Mountains (ACM) in Benin, West Africa. Supervised classification was performed to delineate LULC classes on three dates (1987, 2001 and 2015), and forest measurements carried out in the land cover classes, to estimate the aboveground biomass and the subsequent carbon stocks. Seven land cover classes were delineated: gallery forests, woodlands, savanna, water, settlements, bare lands and farm lands. LULC changes were characterized by three transitions: 1) the change of man-made land cover into savanna, 2) the change of natural vegetation into man-made land cover and 3) the degradation of gallery forests and woodland into less wooded vegetation. The aboveground carbon stock in gallery forests, woodland and tree savanna were significantly greater than in shrub savanna. During the 28 years of assessment, LULC change in gallery forests, woodland and savanna caused an estimated overall aboveground carbon release of 17.10% in the ACM. From the aboveground carbon quantity in the ACM, it appeared that this ecosystem is a potential carbon reservoir. Because the aboveground carbon stock in shrub savanna is significantly lower as compared to gallery forests, woodland and tree savanna and the rates of degradation from gallery forests and woodland to savanna are high, 53.62% and 59.99% respectively in 28 years, LULC change may undermine the ACM ability to store carbon and contribute to climate change mitigation. There is a need to investigate the drivers of this degradation for actions to preserve the natural vegetation in the ACM. Keywords: Atacora Chain of Mountains; Land use/land cover (LULC); Benin; West Africa; Carbon stock DOI: 10.7176/JEES/10-6-13 Publication date:June 30th 202

    Les Amandes Nues des Graines de Detarium microcarpum Guill. et Perr. (Fabaceae) Récoltées en Zone Soudanienne Assurent une Bonne Germination en Pépinière au Bénin, Afrique de l’Ouest

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    La rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ration par graines de Detarium microcarpum Guill. et Perr. est importante dans le contexte de sa conservation et sa domestication qui prĂ©serve son patrimoine gĂ©nĂ©tique. La prĂ©sente Ă©tude a pour objectif d’évaluer la germination des graines de quatre (04) provenances (Yeroumaro, PĂ©rimètre de reboisement de Parakou, Sinwan-Boumoussou et Triangle du Parc W) de D. microcarpum sous l’influence de trois (03) prĂ©traitements. Les graines de chaque provenance ont Ă©tĂ© scindĂ©es en trois lots de 30 graines par prĂ©traitement : i) graines contenues dans ’l’endocarpe et sans traitement ; ii) graines nues (graines extraites de l’endocarpe et sans traitement); iii) graines contenues dans l’endocarpe et trempĂ©es dans l’eau chaude pendant 7min puis dans l’eau tiède pendant 24h. Le dispositif de Fisher a Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ© avec quatre rĂ©pĂ©titions, chaque bloc contenant une provenance. Les paramètres considĂ©rĂ©s pour chacun des traitements sont le temps mis après le semis pour la germination de la première graine et le taux final de germination. Ces paramètres ont Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©s avec la rĂ©gression bĂŞta. Les donnĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©galement soumises Ă  la mĂ©thode d’analyse de survie. Au terme de cette Ă©tude, il ressort que le taux de germination des graines de D. microcarpum varie avec le type de prĂ©traitement et la provenance. Les meilleurs taux de germination des graines de D. microcarpum sont observĂ©s avec les graines nues (β =0.865± 0.097, Z= 8.957, p< 2e-16) collectĂ©es en zone soudanienne. Pour assurer une bonne rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ration de D. microcarpum en pĂ©pinière, l’utilisation des graines nues rĂ©coltĂ©es dans la zone soudanienne peut ĂŞtre une meilleure option dans le cadre de la conservation et de la domestication de l’espèce au BĂ©nin.   In the context of Detarium. microcarpum conservation and domestication that preserves genetic heritage, its regeneration by seeds is important. The present study aims to evaluate the germination of Detarium microcarpum Guill. and Perr. (Fabaceae) seeds from four (04) sources, subjected to under the influence of three (03) pretreatments. Seeds from each source were split into three batches of 30 seeds for each pretreatment: (i) seeds with pericarp and no treatment; (ii) naked almond seeds (seeds without pericarp) and without treatment; iii) seeds with pericarp and soaked in hot water for 7 min and then in warm water for 24h. Fisher’s device was used with four repetitions; each block containing seeds from an area. The parameters considered for each treatment are the time taken for the first seed after sowing to germinate and the final germination rate. These parameters were analyzed using beta regression. Data were also subjected to the survival analysis method. At the end of this study, it appears that the germination rate of D. microcarpum seeds varies with the type of pretreatment and the source. The best germination rates of D. microcarpum seeds are observed with naked almond seeds collected in sudanian zone. (β =0.865± 0.097, Z= 8.957, p< 2e-16) In the context of the conservation and domestication of Detarium microcarpum in Benin, the present study suggests, as a best regeneration option in the nursery, the use of naked almonds from seeds harvested in the Sudanian zone

    Maladies et plantes vasculaires du Karité (Vitellaria paradoxa Gaertn) au Bénin

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    La prĂ©sente Ă©tude vise Ă  Ă©valuer les maladies et les plantes vasculaires du karitĂ© (Vitellaria paradoxa C. F. Gaertn) dans les savanes Soudanienne (SS) et Nord guinĂ©enne (SNG) du BĂ©nin. Pour ce faire, quarante sites au total ont Ă©tĂ© prospectĂ©s au cours du mois de juillet 2018. Sur chaque site, l’incidence et la sĂ©vĂ©ritĂ© des symptĂ´mes de maladies, la densitĂ© et la distribution des plantes vasculaires ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©es. Des Ă©chantillons de feuilles malades, des plantes vasculaires du karitĂ© ont Ă©tĂ© prĂ©levĂ©s pour lĘĽidentification au laboratoire. Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Pestalotiopsis sp, Xanthomonas sp ont Ă©tĂ© les agents pathogènes identifiĂ©s. Les valeurs d’incidence Ă©taient Ă©levĂ©es dans la SS (59,6% L. theobromae, et de 42,2% Xanthomonas sp) et dans la SNG (67,5% Pestalotiopsis sp et de 55% L. theobromae). Les valeurs de sĂ©vĂ©ritĂ© Ă©taient Ă©levĂ©es dans la SS (39% L. theobromae et de 30,6% Xanthomonas sp) et dans la SNG (54,7% Pestalotiopsis sp et 43% L. theobromae). Les donnĂ©es collectĂ©es sur la densitĂ© des plantes vasculaires ont montrĂ© une Orchidiaceae holo-Ă©piphyte (Calyptrochilum christyanum), une Moraceae hĂ©mi-Ă©piphyte (Ficus thonningii), une Renonculaceae (Alafia barteri) et deux Loranthaceae (Tapinanthus dodoneifolius, Tapinanthus globiferus). T. dodoneifolius et T. globiferus sont plus rĂ©pandus avec des taux d’infestation moyens respectifs de 68,67% et de 66,58% et des densitĂ©s moyennes par plant respectives de 5,64 touffes et de 2,52 touffes. Ainsi, les efforts d’amĂ©lioration de la production de karitĂ© doivent prendre en compte les stratĂ©gies de lutte contre ces agents pathogènes et plantes vasculaires.   The present study aims to assess diseases and vascular plants of the shea-butter tree (Vitellaria paradoxa C. F. Gaertn) in Sudan Savanna (SS) and Northern Guinea Savanna (NGS) of Benin. Thus, forty (40) sites in total were surveyed in July 2018. On each site, incidence and severity of the disease symptoms, and density and distribution of vascular plants of the shea-butter tree were studied. Samples of diseased leaves and vascular plants of the sheabutter tree were collected for laboratory identification. The pathogens Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Pestalotiopsis sp) and Xanthomonas sp were identified. The incidence values were high in SS (59.6% L. theobromae and 42.2% Xanthomonas sp) and in NGS (67.5% Pestalotiopsis sp and 55% L. theobromae). The severity values were high in SS (39% L. theobromae and 30.6% Xanthomonas sp) and in NGS (54.7% Pestalotiopsis sp and 43% L. theobromae). Data collected on the density of vascular plants of the shea-butter tree showed one holo-epiphytic Orchidiaceae (Calyptrochilum christyanum), one Moraceae (Ficus thonningii), one Renonculaceae (Alafia barteri) and two Loranthaceae (Tapinanthus dodoneifolius, Tapinanthus globiferus). T. dodoneifolius and T. globiferus were more widespread with respectively infestation rate of 68.67% and 66.58%, and respectively average densities per shea plant of 5.64 tufts and 2.52 tufts. Thus, efforts to improve shea-butter production must take into account strategies for disease pathogens and vacular plants control in the sheabutter parklands in Benin
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