A study of the anti-bacterial activities of Nerium oleander’s hydroalcoholic extract

Background : Nerium oleander is used to cure several diseases in China and the Arabs, ancient medicine. This study tried to investigate the anti-bacterial activities of the hydroalcoholic extract of Nerium oleander which is native of Ilam province. Materials and Methods: Nerium oleander was collected from the Zagros mountains, Ilam province, Iran. After naming and identification, the plant extract was provided by the maceration method. The Pothogenic bacteria were effected by different concentrations of the extract using the disc diffusion method. Diagnostic antibiotics were used as positive control. MIC and MBC were also determined. Results: The maximum effect of Nerium oleander’s hydroalcoholic extract was found in the concentration of 76 mg/ml. The maximum zone of inhibition in 76 mg/ml concentration was related to E. faecalis 2321 bacterum, and the minimum zone of inhibition was related to P. aeruginosa in the same concentration. In determining MIC and MBC, it was found that S. aureus1885 had the lowest MIC in 5 mg/ml concentration, and E. coli and P. aeruginosa showed the highest MIC in 76 mg/ml concentration. Conclusion: The results showed that positive gram bacteria were more sensitive to Nerium oleander extract than negative gram bacteria. According to the bacteria’s zones of inhibition, it can be concluded that hydroalchohalic extract of Nerium oleander has a considerable anti-bacterial effect on the bacteria under the investigation

Evaluation of class 1, 2 and 3 integrons among multidrug resistant isolates of acinetobacter baumannii

The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of class 1, 2, and 3 integrons in clinical Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from hospitalized patients. A total of 100 A. baumannii isolates were collected from several Imam Khomeini hospitals in Ilam, Iran. A. baumannii was discovered by traditional biochemical research. Following that, PCR was employed to detect several integron classes. Biochemical testing was used to identify Acinetobacter species. The samples obtained from patients (patients aged 21 to 69 years old, including 55 males and 45 women): Acinetobacter baumannii was found in 100 samples, Acinetobacter lufii in 25, and other Acinetobacter species in 12. 42 samples from the critical care unit were separated, 28 from the infectious department, 23 from the emergency department, and 7 from other departments. Furthermore, 44 blood samples, 23 trachea samples, 11 wound samples, 10 urine samples, and 12 unknown samples were isolated. Class 1 Integrons were found in 87 of 100 isolates, Class 2 Integrons in 74 of 100 isolates, and Class 3 Integrons in none of the isolates

The effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of Thymbra spicata on some gram positive and gram negative pathogenic bacteria

Background: Treatment of bacterial diseases by synthetic antibiotics leads to problems such as side effects in human and antibiotic resistance in microorganisms. Recently, plants have been given more attention in curing bacterial diseases. Since the use of Thymbra spicata is common in Iranian ancient medicine, this study tried to investigate the antibacterial effects of the extract of Thymbra speculate on some gram positive and gram negative pathogenic bacteria. Materials and Methods: The mentioned plant was collected from Zagros mountains, Ilam province, Iran. After naming and identification, the plant extract was provided by the maceration method. The bacteria were affected by different concentrations of the extract using the disc diffusion method. Diagnostic antibiotics were used as positive control and DMSO as negative control. MIC and MBC were also determined. Results: The highest effect of the extract was found in gram positive bacteria. The maximum zones of inhibition were observed in 76 mg/ml concentration of the extract, and S. aureus and S. epidermidis were more sensitive than other bacteria (P˂0.05). The lowest MIC was pertaining to S. aureus (1885) with 2.5 mg/ml and S. epidermidis (2405) with 5mg/ml of extract. E. coli and K. penemonia with 15 mm zone of inhibition were the most sensitive gram negative bacteria to the extract. Conclusion: The hydroalcoholic extract of T. spicata had a considerable antibacterial effect. Statistic assessment of the inhibition zones showed that the extract was more effective on gram positive bacteri

Antioxidant capacity and phenolic composition of leaves from 10 Bene (<i>Pistacia atlantica</i> subsp. <i>kurdica</i>) genotypes

<div><p>Leaves of 10 Bene genotypes were collected from six provinces (West Azerbaijan, Kurdistan, Kermanshah, Ilam, Hamedan and Lorestan) in Iran. This study was carried out to better characterise the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant capacity and phenolic composition, as well as to evaluate the correlation between content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in 10 genotypes of Bene. The antioxidant activity of leaf extracts was measured using different assays: ferric reducing antioxidant power, nitric oxide radical scavenging and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl. The results indicated that the antioxidant capacity can be related to total phenolic and flavonoid content, so that among all the genotypes studied here, the highest and the lowest phenolic content and antioxidant activity were observed in B2 and B10 genotypes, respectively. Analysing the phenolic composition using high performance liquid chromatography, caffeic acid, vanillic acid, ferulic acid and sinapic acid were found in all investigated genotypes.</p></div

Antioxidant activity of different parts of <i>Pistacia khinjuk</i> Stocks fruit and its correlation to phenolic composition

<p>The fruits of <i>Pistacia khinjuk</i> Stocks were collected from Ilam province, Iran. The aim of this study was to analyse antioxidant capacity and phenolic composition of different parts of <i>P. khinjuk</i> fruit. The antioxidant capacity of extracts was measured using different assays: ferric reducing ability of plasma, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and nitric oxide radical scavenging. The phenolic composition of <i>P. khinjuk</i> fruit is reported for the first time. Amongst different parts of the fruit analysed in this study, hull extract contained the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents. We observed a high correlation between different antioxidant activity and total phenolic and flavonoid contents. Therefore, antioxidant capacity can be related to total phenolic and flavonoid contents. A correlation analysis revealed that ascorbic acid, gallic acid, rutin, caffeic acid, ferulic acid and sinapic acid were the phenolic compounds mainly responsible for antioxidant power of the fruit extracts.</p