Production of poly hydroxy butyrate (PHB) from Eichhornia crassipes through microbial fermentation process

Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is one of the highly biodegradable and biologically acceptable thermoplastics synthesized by many microorganisms collectively called polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). All available biopolymers are viewed as perfect answers for the resolution of natural contamination issue by supplanting ordinary plastic business. They are likewise utilized as osteosclerotic stimulants attributable to their piezoelectric properties, in bone plates, during operations as suture material and vein substitutions. Synthesis of PHB is found in a wide range of Gram’s negative and gram’s positive bacteria belonging to distinct genera. Optimum culture condition for the PHB producing microbes are provided, including restricted centralization of nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, or the trace elements and maximum convergence of carbon source Indeed, to market PHAs, significant exertion has been dedicated towards a decline in the production cost through the improvement of bacterial strains and enhancing effectiveness of recovery/fermentation procedure. This is being done considering the fact that substrate prices show the greatest impact on PHA's manufacturing cost. The price of the substrate used has the most significant influence on the production cost of PHA. In this research, a potential bacterial strain was isolated from the soil and tested for its PHB producing ability. The use of cheaper substrate for lowering the cost is prerequisite. For PHB production, water hyacinth was used as a carbon source. Bacterial growth was optimized for maximum PHB production. The optimum condition was found to be 30 °C, 8% substrate concentration and 72 h of incubation time

Optimiranje ekstrakcije polifenola iz okare

The objective of the present investigation is to examine okara, a suitable substrate for polyphenol extraction, and to develop a feasible eco-friendly process to maximize the yield of antioxidant phenolics. Box-Behnken design (BBD) based on response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to investigate the effect of temperature (°C), solvent fraction (%) and incubation time (min) on polyphenol extraction by using MINITAB 15 software. Acetone was used as solvent to extract the phenolic compounds possessing the antioxidant properties (DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power, and metal chelating activity). Extraction under the optimum conditions yielded total polyphenolic content of 1.16 mg/mL, DPPH radical scavenging activity of 61.07 %, metal chelating activity of 61.20 % and better reducing power. The effective model developed for antioxidant mining from okara under mild operational conditions can be a valuable technique for soybean-based food industry.Svrha je rada bila ispitati svojstva okare, supstrata za dobivanje polifenola, te razviti održivi, ekološki postupak izdvajanja maksimalne količine polifenola. Da bi se ispitao utjecaj temperature, udjela otapala i vremena inkubacije na ekstrakciju polifenola, upotrijebljen je Box-Behnken dizajn metodologije odzivnih površina uz pomoć softvera MINITAB 15. Upotrijebljen je aceton kao otapalo za ekstrakciju fenolnih spojeva, te su ispitana svojstva polifenola, i to: sposobnost uklanjanja DPPH radikala, reducirajuća snaga i aktivnost keliranja metala. Pri optimalnim je uvjetima dobiveno 1,16 mg/mL ukupnih polifenola, s aktivnošću uklanjanja DPPH radikala od 61,07 %; keliranja metala od 61,20 % i dobrom reducirajućom snagom. Razvijen je učinkoviti model izdvajanja antioksidativnih spojeva iz okare u umjerenim uvjetima procesa, što je važno u proizvodnji sojinih proizvoda

Optimiranje ekstrakcije polifenola iz okare

The objective of the present investigation is to examine okara, a suitable substrate for polyphenol extraction, and to develop a feasible eco-friendly process to maximize the yield of antioxidant phenolics. Box-Behnken design (BBD) based on response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to investigate the effect of temperature (°C), solvent fraction (%) and incubation time (min) on polyphenol extraction by using MINITAB 15 software. Acetone was used as solvent to extract the phenolic compounds possessing the antioxidant properties (DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power, and metal chelating activity). Extraction under the optimum conditions yielded total polyphenolic content of 1.16 mg/mL, DPPH radical scavenging activity of 61.07 %, metal chelating activity of 61.20 % and better reducing power. The effective model developed for antioxidant mining from okara under mild operational conditions can be a valuable technique for soybean-based food industry.Svrha je rada bila ispitati svojstva okare, supstrata za dobivanje polifenola, te razviti održivi, ekološki postupak izdvajanja maksimalne količine polifenola. Da bi se ispitao utjecaj temperature, udjela otapala i vremena inkubacije na ekstrakciju polifenola, upotrijebljen je Box-Behnken dizajn metodologije odzivnih površina uz pomoć softvera MINITAB 15. Upotrijebljen je aceton kao otapalo za ekstrakciju fenolnih spojeva, te su ispitana svojstva polifenola, i to: sposobnost uklanjanja DPPH radikala, reducirajuća snaga i aktivnost keliranja metala. Pri optimalnim je uvjetima dobiveno 1,16 mg/mL ukupnih polifenola, s aktivnošću uklanjanja DPPH radikala od 61,07 %; keliranja metala od 61,20 % i dobrom reducirajućom snagom. Razvijen je učinkoviti model izdvajanja antioksidativnih spojeva iz okare u umjerenim uvjetima procesa, što je važno u proizvodnji sojinih proizvoda

Lipase production from a wild (LPF-5) and a mutant (HN1) strain of Aspergillus niger

In this study, a wild (LPF-5) and a mutant (HN1) strain of A. niger were compared for lipase production. Several physical parameters (carbon source, nitrogen source, pH, temperature and incubation period) were optimized for maximization of lipase production. Lipase activity between wild type and mutant strain were compared. Among all carbon sources, mixture of glucose (1%, w/v) and olive oil (1%, v/v) exhibited maximum increase in the production of lipases by both the wild (94.91 ± 0.60 U mL-1 min-1) and mutant (118.23 ± 0.73 U mL-1 min-1) strain. Addition of glucose into the production medium (containing olive oil) increased the production of lipase up to 20% in case of both the strains. The production of lipase by both the strains was higher in the medium of pH 7.0 containing peptone (1%, w/v) as nitrogen source after 3 days of incubation at 28°C. The activity of lipase from HN1 strain in optimized medium was 40% higher (147.65 ± 1.14 U mL-1 min-1) than in un-optimized medium (105.19 ± 0.91 U mL-1 min-1), while it was 38% higher for LPF-5 strain in optimized medium. Therefore the mutant strain (A. niger HN1) is prospective for the development of industrial biotechnology for production of extracellular lipase. Lipase enzyme was partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and 70% precipitate showed highest specific activity of 66.12 U mg-1 for mutant strain as compared to specific activity of 29.88 U mg-1 in crude lysate.Keywords: Wild strain, mutant strain, Aspergillus niger, lipase activity, specific activity, ammonium sulfat

Accessibility of Enzymatically Delignified Bambusa bambos for Efficient Hydrolysis at Minimum Cellulase Loading: An Optimization Study

In the present investigation, Bambusa bambos was used for optimization of enzymatic pretreatment and saccharification. Maximum enzymatic delignification achieved was 84%, after 8 h of incubation time. Highest reducing sugar yield from enzyme-pretreated Bambusa bambos was 818.01 mg/g dry substrate after 8 h of incubation time at a low cellulase loading (endoglucanase, β-glucosidase, exoglucanase, and xylanase were 1.63 IU/mL, 1.28 IU/mL, 0.08 IU/mL, and 47.93 IU/mL, respectively). Enzyme-treated substrate of Bambusa bambos was characterized by analytical techniques such as Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The FTIR spectrum showed that the absorption peaks of several functional groups were decreased after enzymatic pretreatment. XRD analysis indicated that cellulose crystallinity of enzyme-treated samples was increased due to the removal of amorphous lignin and hemicelluloses. SEM image showed that surface structure of Bambusa bambos was distorted after enzymatic pretreatment

Production of ethanol from lignocellulosics

The major objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the effect of enzymatic pretreatment on Lantana camara for improved yield of reducing sugar and bioethanol production. An optimum enzymatic delignification (88.79 %) was achieved after 8 h of incubation. After delignification the substrate was further treated with the mixture of carbohydratases for appropriate saccharification. The enzyme treated substrate yielded maximum reducing sugar (713.33 mg/g dry substrate) after 9 h of saccharification. Monosaccharide content in the saccharified samples were quantified using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system. Using conventional yeast strain, 9.63 g/L bioethanol was produced from saccharified samples of Lantana camara. Structural changes of Lantana camara before and after enzymatic pretreatment were further investigated through Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)