COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against severe COVID-19 requiring oxygen therapy, invasive mechanical ventilation, and death in Japan: A multicenter case-control study (MOTIVATE study).

INTRODUCTION: Since the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant became dominant, assessing COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) against severe disease using hospitalization as an outcome became more challenging due to incidental infections via admission screening and variable admission criteria, resulting in a wide range of estimates. To address this, the World Health Organization (WHO) guidance recommends the use of outcomes that are more specific to severe pneumonia such as oxygen use and mechanical ventilation. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted in 24 hospitals in Japan for the Delta-dominant period (August-November 2021; "Delta") and early Omicron (BA.1/BA.2)-dominant period (January-June 2022; "Omicron"). Detailed chart review/interviews were conducted in January-May 2023. VE was measured using various outcomes including disease requiring oxygen therapy, disease requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), death, outcome restricting to "true" severe COVID-19 (where oxygen requirement is due to COVID-19 rather than another condition(s)), and progression from oxygen use to IMV or death among COVID-19 patients. RESULTS: The analysis included 2125 individuals with respiratory failure (1608 cases [75.7%]; 99.2% of vaccinees received mRNA vaccines). During Delta, 2 doses provided high protection for up to 6 months (oxygen requirement: 95.2% [95% CI:88.7-98.0%] [restricted to "true" severe COVID-19: 95.5% {89.3-98.1%}]; IMV: 99.6% [97.3-99.9%]; fatal: 98.6% [92.3-99.7%]). During Omicron, 3 doses provided high protection for up to 6 months (oxygen requirement: 85.5% [68.8-93.3%] ["true" severe COVID-19: 88.1% {73.6-94.7%}]; IMV: 97.9% [85.9-99.7%]; fatal: 99.6% [95.2-99.97]). There was a trend towards higher VE for more severe and specific outcomes. CONCLUSION: Multiple outcomes pointed towards high protection of 2 doses during Delta and 3 doses during Omicron. These results demonstrate the importance of using severe and specific outcomes to accurately measure VE against severe COVID-19, as recommended in WHO guidance in settings of intense transmission as seen during Omicron

日中戦争と社会大衆党 : 一九三〇年代における「運動」と「統合」（二）

はじめに / 一、挙国一致への参加 / 二、対外政策の転換 / 三、革新と戦争=イデオロギーとしての政策 / 四、大衆組織 / おわり

田所輝明と満州事変期の社会大衆党 : 一九三○年代における「運動」と「統合」(一)

はじめに / 一、無産政党運動と田所輝明 / 二、転換 / 三、政策 / 四、政

逃亡した朝鮮人はどこへ行ったのか？ : 日本に戦時動員された朝鮮人の再移動・再配置としての逃亡

This paper examines the issue of escaping Korean laborers, who had been mobilized from the Korean Peninsula, focusing on the case of Fukuoka Prefecture. Koreans traveling to Japan for work had increased after World War I. It increased dramatically after the mass transfer of Koreans began in earnest in September 1939 under the Labor Mobilization Plan. Wartime mobilization, here, refers to the collective transfer, which began following the labor mobilization plan. Did Korean laborers flee the mines because they could not bear the violence and oppression? That might have been true. In many cases, with the help of intermediary Korean agents, they fled (moved) to other workplaces and obtained jobs there. This served as a labor black market. The construction industry, for example, benefited from this. The Army, which had placed the order, was no exception. The policy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, designed to prevent escape, was, in effect, an acknowledgment of this reality.はじめに ― 本稿の課題 ― / １　移住朝鮮人労働者の逃走＝再移動の状況 / ２　逃走と朝鮮人コミュニティ / ３　労働者の再移動と定着のシステム / ４　労務管理言説と実態 / 結論 / 〔後記

戦争期の東方会

はじめに / 一、「新体制」への参加と離脱 / 二、戦時体制と東方会 / 三、小括 : むすびにかえ

戦時労働政策の思想 : 昭和研究会労働問題研究会を中心に

はじめに / 一 労働問題研究会の構成と活動 / 二 再編成の論理 : 機構的近代化 / 三 国民的主体と官僚 : 産報論 / おわり

Chemoselective Transesterification of Methyl (Meth)acrylates Catalyzed by Sodium(I) or Magnesium(II) Aryloxides

A highly chemoselective transesterification of methyl (meth)acrylates catalyzed by sterically demanding 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol-derived NaOAr or Mg(OAr)(2) was developed. The desired transesterification proceeded without the undesired Michael additions under mild reaction conditions at 25 degrees C, and various primary and secondary alcohols, diols, triol, and tetraol on a scale of up to 10 mmol could provide the corresponding functionalized acrylates in high yields. Transition states were proposed based on monomeric and dimeric active species, and computational density functional theory calculations strongly supported high chemoselectivity to minimize undesired Michael additions

Successful Preservation of the Bladder in a Case of Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor with the Diagnostic Efficacy of ALK/p80 Immunohistochemistry and FISH Analysis: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor is a rare benign entity of unclear etiology. It can present with histological features that include a mixture of spindle cells, myofibroblasts and inflammatory cells. Positive immunohistochemical staining for ALK/p80 is often observed, and this marker has been considered diagnostically effective. Despite having these histological features, a previous case was incorrectly diagnosed as malignant disease and was treated with extensive surgical resection. Here we present a case of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor in the bladder, diagnosed in part based on immunohistochemical and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of ALK/p80. The patient was successfully treated with bladder-preserving partial cystectomy