Brazilian adolescents' knowledge and beliefs about abortion methods: A school-based internet inquiry

Background: Internet surveys that draw from traditionally generated samples provide the unique conditions to engage adolescents in exploration of sensitive health topics.Methods: We examined awareness of unwanted pregnancy, abortion behaviour, methods, and attitudes toward specific legal indications for abortion via a school-based internet survey among 378 adolescents aged 12-21 years in three Rio de Janeiro public schools.Results: Forty-five percent knew peers who had undergone an abortion. Most students (66.0%) did not disclose abortion method knowledge. However, girls (aOR 4.2, 95% CI 2.4-7.2), those who had experienced their sexual debut (aOR1.76, 95% CI 1.1-3.0), and those attending a prestigious magnet school (aOR 2.7 95% CI 1.4-6.3) were more likely to report methods. Most abortion methods (79.3%) reported were ineffective, obsolete, and/or unsafe. Herbs (e.g. marijuana tea), over-the-counter medications, surgical procedures, foreign objects and blunt trauma were reported. Most techniques (85.2%) were perceived to be dangerous, including methods recommended by the World Health Organization. A majority (61.4%) supported Brazil's existing law permitting abortion in the case of rape. There was no association between gender, age, sexual debut, parental education or socioeconomic status and attitudes toward legal abortion. However, students at the magnet school supported twice as many legal indications (2.7, SE.27) suggesting a likely role of peers and/or educators in shaping abortion views.Conclusions: Abortion knowledge and attitudes are not driven simply by age, religion or class, but rather a complex interplay that includes both social spaces and gender. Prevention of abortion morbidity and mortality among adolescents requires comprehensive sexuality and reproductive health education that includes factual distinctions between safe and unsafe abortion methods

Características da oferta de contracepção de emergência na rede básica de saúde do Recife, Nordeste do Brasil

The aim of the study was to describe the use of emergency contraception (EC) in Family Health Units in Recife between March and September, 2011. The questionnaire was answered by 234 professionals, 154 nurses and 80 physicians selected by random sampling in 117 USF. Almost all professionals (90.6%) reported availability of EC in Family Health Unit; physicians and/or nurse were the main prescribers (73.9%); 27.4% knew the distribution strategy by “women’s health kit”. Although 85.0% of professionals have already prescribed the EC, only 8.5% considered the EC as a woman’s right. The majority (80.7%) understand the Family Planning manual of the Ministry of Health and about half (51.2%) understand the Reproductive Rights manual of the municipality’s manual. 51.3% knew the EC action mechanism and 77.4% usually inform women about EC. Among those who do not explain about EC, the main reasons were: “lack of opportunity” (10.0%) for physicians and “to avoid becoming routine” (6.5%) for nurses. Half of the professionals (50.0%) reported prescribing in three recommended situations (unprotected intercourse, rape and failure of contraceptive methodin use) and 65.8% agree that religion interfere in the decision of the prescription/advice. Health professionals have demonstrated sufficient technical knowledge to prescribe EC, but do not recognize it as a right of women. Also, they consider that the influence of religion may interfere with the decision of prescribing and with the use of EC by women.O objetivo do estudo foi descrever as características da utilização da contracepção de emergência (CE) em unidades de saúde da família (USF) da cidade do Recife entre março e setembro de 2011. O questionário foi respondido por 234 profissionais, 154 enfermeiros e 80 médicos selecionados por amostragem aleatória em 117 USF. Quase todos os profissionais (90,6%) informaram disponibilidade da CE na USF; médico e/ou enfermeiro foram os principais dispensadores (73,9%) e 27,4% conheciam a estratégia de distribuição através do “kit saúde da mulher”. Apesar de 85,0% dos profissionais já terem prescrito a CE, apenas 8,5% a consideram como direito da mulher. A maioria (80,7%) conhecia o manual de Planejamento Familiar do Ministério da Saúde e cerca de metade (51,2%) conhecia o manual de Direitos Reprodutivos do município. Entre os entrevistados, 51,3% conheciam o correto mecanismo de ação e 77,4% costumam informar às mulheres sobre CE. Os principais motivos para não informar foram: “falta de oportunidade” (10,0%) para os médicos e “para evitar que se tornem rotina” (6,5%) para os enfermeiros. Metade dos profissionais (50,0%) informaram prescrever nas três situações preconizadas (relação desprotegida, estupro e falha do método contraceptivo em uso) e 65,8% concordam que a religião interfere na decisão da prescrição/orientação. Os profissionais de saúde demonstraram ter conhecimento técnico suficiente para prescrever a CE, porém não a reconhecem como um direito das mulheres. Além disso, consideram que a influência religiosa pode interferir na decisão da prescrição e no uso da CE pelas mulheres