Ipsilateral fractures of both the proximal and distal humerus; the ‘floating arm injury’ in children

Proximal humerus fractures are usually associated with other injuries in and around the shoulder joint like clavicle fracture, acromion process fracture, coracoid process fracture, and dislocation of the shoulder joint or acromion-clavicular joint. Similarly, distal humerus fractures are normally associated with fractures of olecranon, radial head or dislocation of the elbow joint itself. However, simultaneous fracture of both the ends of humerus is rarely encountered. Literature search does reveal only a few cases of such type. This variety is also termed as floating arm. We are presenting here two cases of fracture of both the proximal and distal end of same humerus following fall from height, one of which the proximal humeral fracture was Gustillo-Anderson type II open fracture. The patient was managed by wound debridement and open reduction and fixation of the proximal fracture followed by closed manipulation and K wire fixation of the distal fracture. The second case was also managed by closed reduction and K wire fixation of both the fractures.

Flow Instability Effects Related to Purge through a Gas Turbine Chute Seal

This paper investigates flow instabilities inside the cavity formed between the stator and rotor disks of a high-speed turbine rig. The cavity rim seal is of chute seal design. The influence of flow coefficient on the sealing effectiveness at constant purge flow rate through the wheel-space is determined. The effectiveness at different radial positions over a range of purge flow conditions and flow coefficients is also studied. Unsteady pressure measurements have identified the frequency of instabilities that form within the rim seal, phenomena which have been observed in other studies. Frequencies of these disturbances, and their correlation in the circumferential direction have determined the strength and speed of rotation of the instabilities within the cavity. Large scale unsteady rotational structures have been identified, which show similarity to previous studies. These disturbances have been found to be weakly dependent on the purge flow and flow coefficients, although an increased purge reduced both the intensity and speed of rotation of the instabilities. Additionally, certain uncorrelated disturbances have been found to be inconsistent (discontinuous) with pitchwise variation.QC 20220503</p