The future of warfare. Anticipated changes in military trends

Purpose: to discuss the changes in the scientific and technical field, and examine their impact on military art. Method: comparative analysis, and synthesis. Findings: Today's military and political realities require the Armed Forces to be ready for wars that may occur at any time, including in the future, in order to ensure the country's national security. Because, as in the past, the struggle for natural resources, competition between states, aspirations for hegemony, as well as ideological differences and security concerns, which lead to military conflicts, will continue in the future. At the same time, the great progress achieved and expected in the field of technology will significantly change the traditional forms and methods of fighting. The study and skillful application of these forms and methods in the Armed Forces will be one of the main conditions for success in future wars. Scientific and technical progress affects all areas of human activity without exception, and has a noticeable effect on the development of methods and forms of war. In the future, the content and typology of military operations, strategy and tactics, forms and methods of application of armed forces will be formed under the influence of scientific and technical progress, mainly in the fields of artificial intelligence, biotechnology, and nanotechnology. For this reason, in order to study the nature of future wars, to predict the methods and forms of military operations, the article considers the causes of wars, discusses the changes in the scientific and technical field, and examines their impact on military art. Theoretical implications: The paper enhances our understanding of significant transformations due to advancements in technology, changes in geopolitical dynamics, and evolving societal expectations, against the backdrop of the extensive use of autonomous systems, including drones, unmanned vehicles, and AI-powered decision-making tools. Practical implications: The paper contibutes to the development of military strategies and operational plans, which consider how technological, social, and geopolitical changes will concretely affect the future warfare. Value: The study offers significant value in understanding and predicting the nature and character of future warfare and provides multiple lenses through which to analyze the war and devise strategies in line with emerging security threats

Azerbaijan’s 2023 counterterrorism operation in Karabakh region: causes and consequences

Purpose: is to discuss the possible causes and consequences of Azerbaijan’s 2023 counterterrorism operation in Karabakh region. Method: comparative analysis, and synthesis. Findings: Azerbaijan is one of few countries which successfully waged a full-scale war against Armenia in order to restore its territorial integrity and conducted impeccable counterterrorism operation of the local nature against illegal armed groups in Karabakh region in order to eliminate separatism and ensure its sovereignty over liberated territories. A set of principles is usually followed to conduct counterterrorism operations, which are intricate and multidimensional, with the goal of efficiently fighting terrorist threats while minimizing collateral harm and safeguarding human rights. All principles of counterterrorism operation were met and Azerbaijan eliminated separatism once and for all and ensured its sovereignty over the liberated territories. What makes this operation different from many operations of the same nature, is that a long-term approach – one of the most important principles of the counterterrorism operations has been applied, where the immediate security concerns were eradicated, the source of separatism was isolated, the ideological extremism was dispelled, the promotion of stability was ensured, left no reason for foreign troops (so-called Russian peacekeepers) to stay in its territory. Theoretical implications: The paper enhances our understanding of key concepts of counterterrorism operations in general and provides new insights for understanding the possible causes and consequences of Azerbaijan’s 2023 counterterrorism operation. The results obtained in the study have broader implications for national security strategies in pursuit of eradicating the similar problems in different contexts. Practical implications: Azerbaijan’s 2023 counterterrorism operation is a typical example for the nations suffering from the same problem. Applying different aspects of this operation as depicted in the paper would definitely contribute to the adjustment of tactics and techniques, reallocation of resources, effective application of new technologies by the nations to eliminate the separatism within their internationally recognized territories. Value: The study presents Azerbaijan’s 2023 counterterrorism operation as a model for eradicating the problems of the same nature in pursuit of peace and stability in different regions, delineates the principles of the counterterrorism operations and explains them in the example of the operation conducted by Azerbaijan Armed Forces. Paper type: theoretical

Research of the Quality of Functioning Multiservice Communication Networks When Establishing a Multimedia Session

Considering the nature of a network traffic systems and the signaling protocols NGN/IMS, the mathematical model of multimedia service considering joint service of the official and useful traffic when rendering multimedia services is offered

RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS INDICATORS FIBER-OPTIC COMMUNICATION LINES USING SPECTRAL TECHNOLOGIES

The fiber-optic communication lines and fiber-optic transmission systems using fiber-optic cable, receiving and transmitting optical modules based on WDM and DWDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing &amp; Dense WDM) technologies are studied. A method for calculating the transmission characteristics fiber-optic communication lines is proposed and relationships are obtained that establish an analytical relationship between the length regeneration section and the transmission rate. This paper discusses the study and analysis indicators fiber-optic communication lines using spectral WDM and DWDM technologies.</jats:p

THE INVESTIGATION AND EVALUATION MULTISERVICE NETWORK NGN/IMS FOR MULTIMEDIA TRAFFIC

Òhe functional architecture of the subsystem picture messaging-IMS (Internet Protocol Multimedia Subsystem) for multimedia session management for multiservice NGN/IMS networks that determine the interaction systems and NGN protocols are investigated. The basic element of the IMS core network architecture are session control function CSCF (Call/Session Control Function) which is implemented on the SIP-server (Session Initiation Protocol) using the protocol. A block diagram of the functioning of the traffic service model of multimedia services in the NGN/IMS network when establishing sessions that use the network elements of the user data server HSS (Home Subscriber Server), CSCF control system core, signaling and media gateways (SGW &amp; MGW, Signaling Gateway &amp; Media Gateway). The characteristics of the effectiveness of the IMS and found that in the NGN / IMS multimedia services network in real time significantly alter the traffic characteristics as a service, and efficiency, which requires new models and approaches to assess the main indicators of quality of the service Triple Play. Based on the analysis of the quality NGN/IMS networks in the provision multimedia services, the mathematical model for evaluating the quality of services. This model takes into account the properties of self-similar random process with Hurst index and describes the quality of functioning of NGN/IMS architectural concept. Based on the model studied when performing voice services with the ability to activate multimedia applications, video telephony, multimedia traffic, Triple Play services. According to the study of mathematical models of NGN / IMS networks using SIP-servers analytical expressions to assess the indicators of a common set of operating characteristics of IP-based networks, which take into account the recommendations of ITU-T Y.1540 and Y.2000 and determined the average waiting time in the queue IMS system in the provision of multimedia services with the required parameters, providing a guaranteed quality of service QoS (Quality of Service). According to the latest recommendations of the ITU-T and based on SMO with queues can be defined by five network characteristics that are indicative of the effectiveness of multi-service NGN/IMS networks and an important indicator of QoS.</jats:p