Good Reporting Practices And The Consort

[No abstract available]75285Simera, I., Moher, D., Hirst, A., Hoey, J., Schulz, K.F., Altman, D.G., Transparent and accurate reporting increases reliability, utility, and impact of your research: reporting guidelines and the EQUATOR Network (2010) BMC Med., 8, p. 24Jüni, P., Altman, D.G., Egger, M., Systematic reviews in health care: assessing the quality of controlled clinical trials (2001) BMJ., 323 (7303), pp. 42-46Chan, A.W., Altman, D.G., Epidemiology and reporting of randomised trials published in PubMed journals (2005) Lancet, 365 (9465), pp. 1159-1162Glasziou, P., Meats, E., Heneghan, C., Shepperd, S., What is missing from descriptions of treatment in trials and reviews? (2008) BMJ., 336 (7659), pp. 1472-1474Moher, D., Hopewell, S., Schulz, K.F., Montori, V., Gotzsche, P.C., Devereaux, P.J., Elbourne, D., Submitted for publication: April 11, 2012 Accepted for publication: April 11, 2012Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D.G., PRISMA Group. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis: the PRISMA statement (2009) BMJ, 339, pp. b2535-b2540von Elm, E., Altman, D.G., Egger, M., Pocock, S.J., Gøtzsche, P.C., Vandenbroucke, J.P., STROBE Initiative Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemio logy (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies (2007) BMJ., 335 (7624), pp. 806-808. , Comment in: BMJ. 2007;335(7624):783-4. Arch Dermatol. 2008144(9):1200-4. BMJ. 2007335(7626):90

The Importance Of The Stabilization Mechanism In Astigmatism Soft Contact Lens. The Accelerated Stabilization Design-asd [a Import̂ancia Do Mecanismo De Estabiliza̧cáo Nas Lentes Gelatinosas Para Astigmatismo. O Desenho De Estabilizaçáo Acelerada-dea]

The mechanisms involved in astigmatism soft contact lenses stabilization represent an important factor in contact lenses fitting process and long term wear ing. Despite the recent advances related mainly to materials, specially with the introduction of silicone hydrogel lenses, during nearly thirty years no new relevant technology was presented related to stabilization designs, prevailing the prism ballast and dual thin zones ones. Recently we saw the introduction in Brazil of a new soft contact lens with a design named "accelerated stabilization design". This article proposes a review around this topic and a comparative analysis of available data concerning this new technology. © Copyright Moreira Jr. Editors.6635257Hickson-Curran, S., Dias, L., Toric soft contact lenses where are we now? (2006) Optician, 6041 (231), pp. 14-16Sulley, A., Dutilloy, S., Practitioner and patient acceptance of a new silicone hydrogel contact lens for astigmats (2006) OT, pp. 38-42. , Nov 3Rayes, T.R., Rayes, G.R., Eing, F., Guimarães Neto, H.P., Marquardt, F.A., Rayes, A., Prevalẽncia do astig-matismo e distribuiçáo de seu eixo em pacientes de um servi̧co oftalmolbgico privado. (2007) Rev Bras Oftal-mol, 66 (6), pp. 369-375Young, G., Toric Lenses, Gravity and Other Forces (2007) CL Spectrum, pp. 39-40. , JanYoung, G., Hickson-Curran, S., Reassessing toric soft lens fitting (2005) CL Spectrum, 20 (1), pp. 42-45Chin, JRMoody, K. Evaluation of Fit and Visual Acuity of ACUVUE® OASYS™ for Astigmatism on Asian Eyes in a Non-Dispensing Comparison of SOFLENS Toric® and ACUVUE® 2. Pôster apre-sentado no AAO Meeting 2008. Academy 2008 Anaheim - Outubro 22 - 25, 2008Resnick, S., The Changing Dynamics of Toric Contact Lenses (2005) Review of Cornea & Contact Lenses, pp. 37-39. , MayHickson-Curran, S., Rocher, I., Nueva lente de uso diario de Hidrogel de Silicona para Astigmatismo. (2005) Gaceta Optica, 395, pp. 42-47Young, G., Mcllraith, R., Toric Soft Contact Lens Visual Acuity with Abnormal Gaze and Posture (2008) Pôster apresentado no AAO Meeting, , Academy Anaheim, Outubro 22, 25, 2008Zikos, GAMS, KangSS, CiuffredaKJSelenow, AAN, SSpencer, LWRobilotto, RLee, M. Optom Vis Sci 2007;84:1039-104

South American Programme: Brazil

[No abstract available]13365556Kara José, N., Contreras, F., Campos, M.A., Delgado, A.N., Mowery, R.L., Ellwein, L.B., Screen and surgical intervention results from cataract - Free zone project in Campinas, Brazil and Chimbote, Peru (1990) Interr Ophthalmol, 14, pp. 155-164Kara José, N., Almeida, G.V., Alves, M.R., Kikuta, H.S., Arieta, C.E.L., Campanha Nacional de prevençào de cegueira e reabilitaçào visual do idoso (1997) Rev Med. São Paulo, 76, pp. 293-328Arieta, C.E.L., Kara José, N., Carvalho, F.D.M., Alves, M.R., Optimization of a university cataract-patient care service in Campinas, Brazil (1999) Ophthalmic Epidemiol, 6, pp. 113-12

Adjustment Of A Quality Of Life Evaluation Questionnaire To Cataract Patients [adaptação De Questionário De Avaliação Da Qualidade De Vida Para Aplicação Em Portadores De Catarata]

Purpose: Cataract represents a public health problem because patients presenting the disease are unable to adequately perform routine activities, with a negative influence on their quality of life. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the impact of reduced visual acuity on the quality of life of these patients. The authors adjusted a specific questionnaire to the Brazilian social reality and tested its response adequacy and reliability. Methods: 30 cataract patients with surgical indication were interviewed. The questionnaire was applied and the same interview was done twice within a one-hour interval. Results: More than 80% of questions were answered the first time they were asked. Consistence analysis showed that only one patient answered four questions in a different manner during the interviews. Conclusion: The authors concluded that the adjusted questionnaire is applicable to a population with a low level of formal education, being a reliable instrument in the evaluation of quality of life in cataract patients.653293298Münestan, E., Wachtmeister, L., The impact of cataract surgery on low vision patients: A population based study (1997) Acta Ophthalmol Scand, 75, pp. 569-576Pokharel, G.P., Selvaraj, S., Ellwein, L.B., Visual functioning and quality of life outcomes among cataract operated and unoperated blind populations in Nepal (1998) Br J Ophthalmol, 82, pp. 606-610. , commented on Br J Ophthalmol 1998;82:593-4Leite, A.C.E., Kara-Jose, N., Carvalho Filho, D.M., Alves, M.R., Optimization of a university cataract-patient care service in Campinas, Brazil (1999) Ophthalmic Epidemiol, 6, pp. 113-123Fletcher, A.E., Ellwein, L.B., Selvaraj, S., Vijaykumar, V., Rahmathullah, R., Thulasiraj, R.D., Measurements of vision function and quality of life in patients with cataracts in Southern India: Report of instrument development (1997) Arch Ophthalmol, 115, pp. 767-774Scott, I.U., Schein, O.D., West, S., Bandeen-Roche, K., Enger, C., Folstein, M.F., Functional status and quality of life measurement among ophthalmic patients (1994) Arch Ophthalmol, 112, pp. 329-335Kuyken, W., Orley, J., Hudelson, P., Sartorius, N., Quality of life assessment across cultures (1994) Int J Ment Health, 23, pp. 5-27Development of the WHOQOL: Rationale and Current Status (1994) Int J Ment Health, 23, pp. 24-56Mangione, C.M., Phillpis, R.S., Seddon, J.M., Lawrence, M.G., Cook, E.F., Dailey, R., Development of the activities of daily vision Scale. a measure of visual functional status (1992) Medical Care, 30, pp. 1111-1125Mangione, C.M., Lee, P.P., Gutierrez, P.R., Spritzer, K., Berry, S., Hays, R.D., Development of the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (2001) Arch Ophthalmol, 119, pp. 1050-1058. , JulPiovesan, A., Temporini, E.R., Pesquisa exploratória: Procedimento metodológico para estudos de fatores humanos no campo da saúde pública (1995) Rev Saúde Pública, 29, pp. 318-325Zhao, J., Sui, R., Jia, L., Fletcher, A.E., Ellwein, L.B., Visual acuity and quality of life outcomes inpatients with cataract in Shunyi County, China (1998) Am J Ophthalmol, 126, pp. 515-523Fitzpatrick, R., Fletcher, A., Gore, S., Jones, D., Spiegelhalter, D., Cox, D., Quality of life measures in health care: Aplications and issues in assessment (1992) BMJ, 305, pp. 1074-1077Temporini, E.R., Prevenção da AIDS: Percepção e Conduta Sexual de Estudantes Universitários No Estado de São Paulo, , [tese]. São Paulo: Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paul

Ocular Masquerade Syndrome Associated With Extranodal Nasal Natural Killer/t-cell Lymphoma: Case Report

A 33-year-old woman complained of unilateral eyelid edema and blurred vision. Initial ophthalmic examination disclosed anterior chamber reaction with keratic precipitates on the cornea, without posterior abnormalities. Anterior uveitis was treated. Despite that, patient showed rapidly progressive unilateral vision loss with optic nerve swelling. Systemic workup was inconclusive, as well as cranial magnetic resonance imaging and cerebrospinal fluid examination. Based on the hypothesis of optic neuritis, intravenous methylprednisolone pulse was performed with no success. During the following days, the patient presented pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade, progressing to death. Necropsy was performed and diagnosis of extranodal natural killers/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type with ocular involvement was confirmed by immunohistochemistry.756430432Nussenblatt, R.B., Whitcup, S.M., Uveitis: fundamentals and clinical practice (2004), pp. 409-419. , 3rd ed. St. Louis, MO: CV MosbyTheodore, F.H., Conjunctival carcinoma masquerading as chronic conjunctivitis (1967) Eye Ear Nose Throat Mon, 46 (11), pp. 1419-1420Swerdlow, S.H., Campo, E., Harris, N.L., Jaffe, E.S., Pileri, S.A., Stein, H., Thiele, J., Vardiman, J.W., World classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues (2008), 5th ed. Lyon: IARC PressCoupland, S.E., Damato, B., Lymphomas involving the eye and the ocular adnexa (2006) Curr Opin Ophthalmol, 17 (6), pp. 523-531Sjö, L.D., Ophthalmic lymphoma: epidemiology and pathogenesis (2009) Acta Ophthalmologica, 87 (1 THESIS), pp. 1-20Fredrick, D.R., Char, D.H., Ljung, B.M., Brinton, D.A., Solitary intraocular lymphoma as an initial presentation of widespread disease (1989) Arch Ophthalmol, 107 (3), pp. 395-397Chan, J.K.C., Jaffe, E.S., Ralfkiaer, E., Extranodal NK/Tcell lymphoma, nasal type. World classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues (2008), pp. 204-207. , Swerdlow SH, Campo E, Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Pileri SA, Stein H, Thiele J, Vardiman JW, editors. 5th ed. Lyon: IARC PressKwong, Y.L., Chan, A.C., Liang, R.H., Natural Killer cell lymphoma/leukaemia: pathology and treatment (1997) Hematol Oncol, 15 (2), pp. 71-79Jaffe, E.S., Chan, J.K., Su, I.J., Frizzera, G., Mori, S., Feller, A.C., Ho, F.C., Report of the Workshop on Nasal and Related Extranodal Angiocentric T/Natural Killer cell lymphomas: definitions, differential diagnosis and epidemiology (1996) Am J Surg Pathol, 20 (1), pp. 103-111Cimino, L., Chan, C.C., Shen, D., Masini, L., Ilariucci, F., Masetti, M., Asioli, S., Ocular involvement in nasal natural kille T-cell lymphoma (2009) Int Ophthalmol, 29 (4), pp. 275-279Lee, E.J., Kim, T.W., Heo, J.W., Yu, H.G., Chung, H., Natural killer/T-cell lymphoma of nasal type with intraocular involvement: case report. (2010) Eur J Ophthalmol, 20 (1), pp. 215-217Yoo, J.H., Kim, S.Y., Jung, K.B., Lee, J.J., Lee, S.J., Intraocular involvement of a nasal natural killer T-cell lymphoma: a case report (2012) Korean J Ophthalmol, 26 (1), pp. 54-57Hon, C., Kwok, A.K., Shek, T.W., Chim, J.C., Au, W.Y., Vision-threatening complications of nasal T/NK lymphoma (2002) Am J Ophthalmol, 134 (3), pp. 406-41

Corneal Endothelial Rejection After Penetrating Keratoplasty Treated With Intravenous And Topic Corticosteroid. One Year Follow Up

Objective: To analyze the recovery of visual acuity (VA) and graft survival after first episode of endothelial rejection in penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) treated with intravenous (IV) and topic corticosteroid. Methods: Interventional, prospective, non-comparative case series study evolving 32 PKP patients in one year follow up, who presented first episode of corneal endothelial rejection. The patients were submitted to 500 mg IV injection of methylprednisolone in association with topical prednisolone. Main outcome measures included VA recovery and corneal edema regression. Second outcome included new rejections and graft failure. Multivariate analysis techniques were used to estimate rates of graft outcome events and the impact of risk factors. Results: A total of 32 eyes from 32 patients (13 male and 19 female) were included in the study. The mean VA (in number of letters) before rejection was 48 (22 to 88 letters). Patients treated within 7 days or less of initial symptoms had better VA recovery, corneal edema regression and less graft failure (p<0.001). Patients with previous ocular surgery had worse VA recovery and more graft failure (p<0.047). Conclusion: The association between the other risk factors and the outcomes did not reach statistical significance in the multivariate model because of the small numbers of patients. Methylprednisolone in association with topical prednisolone is an alternative treatment for graft rejection. Our study showed that patients treated within 7 days of symptoms and no previous anterior segment surgery had better visual outcome and graft survival after treatment.7214245Patel, S.V., Graft survival after penetrating keratoplasty (2011) Am J Ophthalmol., 151 (3), pp. 397-398Williams, K.A., Lowe, M.T., Barlett, C.M., Kelly, L., Coster, D.J., (2007) Australian corneal graft registry, , report Adelaide: Flinders University Press2007Tan, D.T., Janardhanan, P., Zhou, H., Chan, Y.H., Htoon, H.M., Ang, L.P., Penetrating keratoplasty in Asian eyes: the Singapore Corneal Transplant Study (2008) Ophthalmology., 115 (6), pp. 975-982Patel, S.V., Diehl, N.N., Hodge, D.O., Bourne, W.M., Donor risk factors for graft failure in a 20-year study of penetrating keratoplasty (2010) Arch Ophthalmol., 128 (4), pp. 418-425Hill, J.C., Ivey, A., Corticosteroids in corneal graft rejection: double versus single pulse therapy (1994) Cornea., 13 (5), pp. 383-388Tandon, R., Verma, K., Chawla, B., Sharma, N., Titiyal, J.S., Kalaivani, M., Intravenous dexamethasone vs methylprednisolone pulse therapy in the treatment of acute endothelial graft rejection (2009) Eye (Lond)., 23 (3), pp. 635-639Costa, D.C., Castro, R.S., Camargo, M.S., Kara-Jose, N., Rejeição de transplantes de córnea: tratamento tópico vs (2008) pulsoterapia - resultados de 10 anos. Arq Bras Oftalmol., 71 (1), pp. 57-61Krueger, R.R., Ramos-Esteban, J.C., Kanellopoulos, A.J., Staged intrastromal delivery of riboflavin with UVA cross-linking in advanced bullous keratopathy: laboratory investigation and first clinical case (2008) J Refract Surg., 24 (7), pp. S730-S736. , Comment in J Refract Surg. 2009;25(8):687author reply 687-8Panda, A., Vanathi, M., Kumar, A., Dash, Y., Priya, S., Corneal graft rejection (2007) Surv Ophthalmol., 52 (4), pp. 375-396. , ReviewMeyer, P.A., Watson, P.G., Franks, W., Dubord, P., 'Pulsed' immunosuppressive therapy in the treatment of immunologically induced corneal and scleral disease (1987) Eye (Lond)., 1 (PART 4), pp. 487-49

Influence Of The Topic Use Of Mitomycin C On The Differentiation Process Of Rabbit Cornea Epithelium [influência Do Uso Tópico De Mitomicina C No Processo De Diferenciação Do Epitélio Corneano De Coelhos]

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of mitomycin C eye drops (0.2 mg/ml) on the corneal epithelium of rabbits. The changes in clinical examination, histopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis were investigated. Methods: Mitomycin C and distilled water (controls) were instilled 4 times daily for 14 consecutive days in the eyes with intact ocular surface. The ocular surface was evaluated by slit-lamp examination, during the days of the drug instillation. The animals were sacrificed on the 15th, 50th and 100th day of the experiment. The histopathologic analysis of the corneal epithelium was complemented by immunohistochemical studies using monoclonal antibodies to cytokeratins (AE1 and AE5). Results: During the use of mitomycin C eye drops mild conjunctival hiperemia was detected. It disappeared 7 days after the drug was discontinued. There was no other clinical sign by slit-lamp examination. No histopathologic alterations in the corneal epithelium were detected, epithelium continuity was observed as well as maturation and presence of atypical cells. The use of 0.02% mitomycin C not influence the differentiation pattern of the corneal epithelial cell. Conclusion: The results of this investigation, in conditions of the study, showed that 0.02% mitomycin C, instilled 4 times daily for 14 consecutive days, showed a low toxic potential regarding the intact ocular surface.673463467Thoft, R.A., Friend, J., The X, Y, Z hypothesis of corneal epithelial maintenance (1983) Invest. Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 24, pp. 1442-1443Schermer, A., Galvin, S., Sun, T.T., Differentiation-related expression of a major 64K corneal keratin in vivo and in culture suggests limbal location of corneal epithelial stem cells (1986) J Cell Biol, 103, pp. 49-62Tseng, S.C.G., Concept and application of limbal stem cells (1989) Eye, 3 (PT 2), pp. 141-157Dua, H.S., Azuara-Blanco, A., Limbal stem cells of the corneal epithelium (2000) Surv Ophthalmol, 44, pp. 415-425Jabbur, N.S., Blair, S.D., Rubinfeld, R.S., Zieske, J.D., Foster, C.S., The effect of mitomycin C on corneal limbal stem cells (1994) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 35, p. 1797Ando, H., Ido, T., Kawai, Y., Yamamoto, T., Kitazawa, Y., Inhibition of corneal epithelial wound healing. A comparative study of mitomycin C and 5-fluorouracil (1992) Ophthalmology, 99, pp. 1809-1814Frucht-Pery, J., Rozenman, Y., Mitomycin C therapy for corneal intraepithelial neoplasia (1994) Am J Ophthalmol, 117, pp. 164-168Holzchuh, N., Alves, M.R., Santo, R.M., Matayoshi, S., Kara-José, N., Efeitos do uso do colírio de mitomicina C na superfície ocular de coelhos (1997) Rev Med (São Paulo), 76, pp. 303-306Ebato, B., Friend, J., Thoft, R., Comparison of limbal and peripheral corneal epithelium in tissue culture (1988) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 29, pp. 1533-1537Calabresi, P., Parks Jr., R.E., Agentes antiproliferativos e drogas usadas na imunossupressão (1987) Goodman e Gilman: As Bases Farmacológicas da Terapêutica, pp. 817-856. , Gilman AG, Goodman LS, Rall TW, Murad F, editors. 7ed., Rio de Janeiro, Guanabara KooganAlves, M.R., Saldiva, P.H.N., Lemos, M., Kara-José, N., Efeitos do uso tópico da mitomicina C no epitélio corneano de coelhas. Análise histopatológica pela morfometria (1996) Arq Bras Oftalmol, 59, pp. 431-437Kiritoshi, A., Sundar, R.A., Thoft, R.A., Differentiation in cultured limbal epithelium as defined by keratin expression (1991) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 32, pp. 3073-3077Shapiro, M.S., Thoft, R.A., Friend, J., Parrish, R.K., Gressel, M.G., 5-fluorouracil toxicity to the ocular surface epithelium (1985) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 26, pp. 580-583Mattar, D.B., Alves, M.R., Silva, M.H.T., Kara-José, N., Estudo comparativo da ação do tiotepa e da mitomicina C na reparação do epitélio corneano, em coelhas (1994) Arq Bras Oftalmol, 57, pp. 270-273Donnenfeld, E.C., Perry, H.D., Wallerstein, A., Caronia, R.M., Kanellopoulos, A.J., Sforja, P.D., Subconjunctival mitomycin C for the treatment of ocular cicatricial pemphigoid (1999) Ophthalmology, 106, pp. 72-7

Optimization Of A University Cataract-patient Care Service In Campinas, Brazil

PURPOSE. To show the results of operational research techniques applied to the cataract service of a public university hospital in Brazil. METHODS. Using a heuristic approach for operational research. a study was designed to evaluate, develop solutions, and validate the implemented modifications to optimize service performance. RESULTS. Following implementation of the solutions and modifications, 24.9% more patients were examined and 39.9% more cataract surgery was performed than during a similar period prior to implementation. Solutions were provided by group discussion among service professionals and based on common sense, possibility of prompt implementation, and the use of available resources and fixed costs. CONCLUSION. The results of this study show the importance of operational research to a public cataract service wishing to improve its performance with simple and efficient solutions.62113123Arieta, C.E.L., (1991) Resultados de Programa de Atendimento Cirúrgico de Cegos por Catarata, Utilizando Medida da Acuidade Visual por Auto Exame, , [Dissertation] Escola Paulista de Medicina, São PauloKara José, N., Contreras, F., Campos, M.A., Delgado, A.N., Mowery, R.L., Elwein, L.B., Screening and surgical intervention results from cataract-free-zone projects in Campinas, Brazil and Chimbote, Peru (1990) Int Ophthalmol, 14, pp. 155-164Roper-Hall, M.J., Cataract: A world problem (1988) Ophthalm Surg, 19, pp. 393-394. , EditorialKara José, N., Delgado, A.M.N., Arieta, C.E.L., Alves, M.R., Rodrigues, M.L.V., (1996) Prevenção da Cegueira por Catarata, pp. 77-80. , Campinas: Editora da UNICAMPDetmer, D.E., Buchanan-Davison, D.J., Ambulatory surgery (1982) Surg Clin N Amer, 62, p. 685Kambouris, A.A., Ambulatory surgery. Its impact on general surgical practice (1986) Am Surg, 52, p. 347Rojas-Dosal, J.A., Casellano-Hernandez, M.A., Castillo-Martin, E.D., Bustamante-Rubio, S., Godínez-Rodrigues, M., Cirurgia ambulatoria en oftalmología (1990) J Med Mex, 126, pp. 361-365Kara José, N., Arieta, C.E.L., Delgado, A.N., Exeqüibilidade da cirurgia de catarata em hospital escola: Em busca de um modelo econômico (1994) Rev Ass Med Brasil, 40, pp. 186-188Arieta, C.E.L., Kara-José, N., Taiar, A., Utilização de centro cirúrgico ambulatorial por serviço de oftalmologia (1995) Rev Ass Med Bras, 41, pp. 233-235Flecha, A., (1993) Diagnóstico de Assistência-médica no Brasil, , Núcleo de Pesquisa em Saúde Coletiva e Nutrição da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. [Brochure]Abel-Smith, D., Global perspectives on health care financing (1985) Soc Sci Med, 21, pp. 957-963Kara José, N., Arieta, C.E.L., Temporini, E.R., Ambrósio, L.E., Óbices para o paciente na cirurgia de catarata num hospital-escola (1997) Arq Bras Oftalmol, 60, pp. 354-356Schwab, L., Cost-effective cataract surgery in developing nations (1987) Ophthalm Surg, 18, pp. 307-309Sheldon, A., Baker, F., McLauglin, C.P., Current issues in systems and medical care (1970) Systems and Medical Care, pp. 329-347. , Sheldon A, Baker F, McLaughlin CP, editors. Cambridge: MIT PressFiler, J., Roberts-Hany, T.J.R., Jagger, J.D., Cutting the cost of cataract surgery - A financial audit (1991) Br J Ophthalmol, 75, pp. 227-228Akin, J.S., Birdsall, N., De Ferranti, D.M., (1987) Financing Health Services in Developing Countries: An Agenda for Reform, pp. 99-105. , World Bank Policy Studies, Washington DCDe Ferranti, D.M., Paying for health services in developing countries: A call for realism (1985) World Health Forum, 6, pp. 99-105Drummond, M.F., Davies, L., Economic analysis alongside clinical trials (1991) Int J Technol Assess Health Care, 7, pp. 561-573Reynolds, J., Operations research in primary health care (1987) Socio-Econ Plann Sci, 21, pp. 73-77Ellwein, L., Kupfer, C., Operational research in cataract blindness prevention (1988) World Blindness and Its Prevention, 7, pp. 58-59. , New York: Oxford Med PublBlumenfield, S.N., Operations research methods: A general approach in primary health care (1985) Chevy Chase: PRICOR ManualMoens, F., Design, implementation and evaluation of a community financing scheme for hospital care in developing countries: A pre paid health plan in the Buwanda health zone, Zaire (1990) Soc Sci Med, 12, pp. 1319-1327Parker, B.R., Lassner, K.L., Smarzaro, M.S., Designing primary health care financing strategies for low income communities of Rio de Janeiro: A heuristic solution (1987) Socio-Econ Plann Sci, 21, pp. 79-92Frenkel, M., Minieka, E., Optimal patient scheduling in a solo practice: An application of linear programming (1982) Ann Ophthalmol, 14, pp. 872-880Reisman, A., Silva, J.M., Mantell, J.B., Systems and procedures of patients and information flow (1978) Hosp Health Serv Admin, pp. 137-166Derzon, R.A., Foreword (1978) Health Program Evaluation, , Shortell S, Richardson WC, editors. Saint Louis: CV MosbyMorrisey, S., Alun-Jones, T., Leighton, S., Why are operations cancelled? (1989) Br Med J, 299, p. 778Roemer, M.I., Montoya-Aguillar, C., (1988) Quality Assessment and Assurance in Primary Health Care, , Geneva: World Health OrganizationKisil, M., (1994) Educação de Saúde na América Latina: A Busca de um Paradigma, pp. 30-36. , São Paulo: Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Ed USPShortell, S., Richardson, W.C., (1978) Health Program Evaluation, pp. 17-33. , Saint Louis: CV MosbyRoper, W.I., Winkerwerder, W., Hackbarth, G.M., Effectiveness in health care: An initiative to evaluate and improve medical practice (1988) N Engl J Med, 319, pp. 1197-1202Marin, I., Investigacion operativa (1978) Medicina Sanitária y Administracion de Salud, pp. 244-260. , Sonis A. editor. Buenos Aires: El Atene

Success Attitudes Of Young Ophthalmologists In The First Decade Of Their Career

Purpose: To describe the main success attitudes of young ophthalmologists in the first decade of their career. Methods: This descriptive study comprised subjects selected from a sample of ophthalmologists who were participating in a congress, using a semi-structured questionnaire. The inclusion criteria were as follows: ophthalmologists under the age of 40 years, within 5-10 years from ophthalmology residency conclusion. The subjects wereasked about the three main success attitudes in their personal experience during the first years of ophthalmology practice. After the initial results, the 10 most frequently mentioned attitudes were listed and volunteers were again interviewed to choose, within the latter list, the three main attitudes. Results: Forty-eight ophthalmologists were interviewed, 24 (50%) were male; the mean age was 37 years (SD: 2 years, range: 33-40 years) and the mean time from ophthalmology residency conclusion was 8 years (SD: 1 year, range: 5-10years). The frequency of such mentioned success attitudes were as follows: to invest in professional updating (22.9%), to have a good relationship with patients and professional partners (18.8%), to prioritize individual and family happiness (12.5%),initially to work in an established group (11.1%), to work in public service (9.7%), to have their own business with a homogeneous group (7.6%), to save money (7.6%),to be ready to resume work (4.2%), to get business administration skills (4.2%), and to have professional insurance (0.7%). Conclusions: The three main success attitudes consisted in investing in professional updating (22.9%), maintaining a good relationship with patients and professional partners(18.8%), and prioritizing individual and family happiness (12.5%). Although these resultsshould not be generalized, they are helpful not only for those ophthalmologists at the beginning of a career but also those who want to reflect on what to prioritize in their professional practice.754256258Morinaga, C.V., Konno, S.N., Aisawa, R.K., Vieira, J.E., Martins, M.A., Frases que resumem os atributos na relação médico-paciente (2002) Rev Bras Educ Med., 26 (1), pp. 21-27Ismael, J.C., O médico e o paciente: breve história de uma relação delicada (2002) São Paulo: Queiroz EditorLeite, M.T., Carlini, A.L., Ramos, M.P., Sigulem, D., Educação médica continuada online: potencial e desafios no cenário brasileiro (2010) Rev Bras Educ Med., 34 (1), pp. 141-149Bernardo, W.M., Jatene, F.B., Nobre, M.R., Experiência clínica, educação médica continuadae qualidade da atenção em saúde (2005) Rev Assoc Med Bras., 51 (2), pp. 63-64Sackett, D.L., Haynes, R.B., On the need for evidence-based medicine (EBM Trends) (1995) Evidence-Based Medicine, 1, p. 5(2012) ACCME [Internet], , http://www.accme.org, Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education,hicago, IL2012 [cited 2012 Feb 20]. 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