Effectiveness of the Red Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus Polyrhizus) Peel Extract as the Colorant, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial on Beef Sausage

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) peel extracts addition on beef sausages. Red dragon fruit peel extracts were obtained by maceration using solvent at pH 5. Phytochemical characteristics, total phenols, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity of the peel extracts were observed. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the extracts were associated with high phytochemical compounds and total phenols contained in the extracts. Red dragon fruit peel extracts with various percentages (0%, 20%, 30%, and 40%) were added on beef sausages, and their physicochemical characteristics, nutrients, antioxidant activity, and microbiological profile were analyzed. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Duncan\u27s multiple range test. Results showed that the addition of red dragon fruit peel extracts significantly reduced texture values, but increased intensity of luminosity, intensity of red color, and intensity of yellow color (P<0.05) beef sausages. It could be concluded that red dragon fruit peel extract containing phytochemical compounds was effective as an antibacterial agent and natural antioxidant. The addition of red dragon fruit peel extracts was effective in increasing the antioxidant activity and decreasing TBARS values. The addition of red dragon fruit peel extract did not affect the reddish colorization of beef sausages, but it was capable of increasing the yellowish colorization on beef sausage

Quality and Antioxidant Activity of Yogurt Supplemented with Roselle During Cold Storage

The purpose of this study was to determine the quality (physical, chemical, microbiological characteristics), total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) inhibition assay of probiotic yogurt supplemented with roselle flower extract (Hibiscus sabdariffa L) during cold storage. The experiment used treatment for types of yogurt as follows: cow's milk probiotic yogurt + roselle, goat's milk probiotic yogurt + roselle, cow's milk yogurt, and goat's milk yogurt. The yogurt was stored in cold storage and evaluated the quality and antioxidant activity variables on days 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15th. The results showed that there were interaction (P<0.05) between types of yogurt and storage time on pH value and total lactic acid bacteria (LAB), but no interaction effect on viscosity. The types of yogurt significantly affected (P<0.05) aw, total titrable acid (TTA), total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity. Cow's milk probiotic yogurt + roselle and goat's milk probiotic yogurt + roselle were the best yogurt that contributed to a good quality and high antioxidant activity up to 15 d at cold storage

Potential of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated From Dangke and Indonesian Beef as Hypocholesterolaemic Agent

Lactobacillus fermentum strains were successfully isolated from dangke which was a fresh cheese-like product originating from Enrekang, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. In addition, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus acidophillus were isolated from beef. This study aimed to investigate the ability of those 8 LAB strains from dangke and beef in lowering cholesterol level by using in vitro study. Strain of Lactic acid bacteria used were L. fermentum strains (A323L, B111K, B323K, C113L, C212L), L. plantarum strains (IIA-1A5 and IIA-2C12), and L. acidophillus IIA-2B4. Variables observed were identification of Bile Salt Hydrolase (BSH) gene by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), BSH activity and cholesterol assimilation. Phylogenetic tree indicated homology of L. plantarum IIA-IA5 was 98% to BSH gene of L. plantarum Lp529 with access code of FJ439771 and FJ439775 obtained from GenBank. The results demonstrated that eight strains of LAB isolated from dangke and beef that potentially showed cholesterol-lowering effects were L. fermentum B111K and L. plantarum IIA-1A5. L. fermentum B111K was able to assimilate cholesterol by 4.10% with assimilated cholesterol of 0.13 mg in 1010 cells. In addition, L. plantarum IIA-1A5 had BSH gene and BSH activity, as well as the ability to assimilate cholesterol by 8.10% with assimilated cholesterol of 0.06 mg in 1010 cells. It is concluded that L. fermentum B111K and L. plantarum IIA-1A5 were strains that showed cholesterol-lowering effects

Antimicrobial activity of goat milk yoghurt with addition of a probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus IIA - 2B4 and roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L) extract

Despite its advantages, goat milk has limitations in term of short shelf life and goaty odour. To overcome these limitations, in this research, goat milk was processed into yoghurt. To improve its quality, a probiotic bacterium isolated from Indonesian cattle, Lactobacillus acidophilus IIA-2B4, and roselle extract were added to the yoghurt. Total lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in yoghurt with addition of L. acidophilus IIA-2B4 with or without combination of roselle extract is significantly higher compared to the control. The high population of LAB in yoghurt with addition of L. acidophilus IIA-2B4 with or without roselle extract is proportional to the acidity of the product that promotes higher viscosity compared to the control. Proximate analysis revealed that additions of L. acidophilus IIA-2B4 and/or roselle extract significantly reduce fat content, while ash content is significantly increased by the treatments. Antibacterial activity assay demonstrated that goat milk yoghurt is able to inhibit both of Gram positive and negative bacteria with high selectivity towards Gram positive bacteria. Addition of L. acidophilus IIA- 2B4 with or without roselle extract increases the ability of yoghurt to inhibit Gram negative bacteria. This ability might be due to the presence of peptides exhibiting antimicrobial activity produced during fermentation by probiotic. SDS-Page revealed that addition of L. acidophilus IIA-2B4 with/without roselle extract produces <10 kDa peptides which display remarkable antimicrobial activity that might contribute to total antimicrobial properties of yoghurt. This indicated that indicating that increasing antimicrobial activity of yoghurt in the presence of L. acidophilus IIA-2B4 was also contributed by antimicrobial peptides produced during the fermentation

Characteristics of Sie Reuboh Supplemented with Different Combinations of Palm Vinegar (Arenga pinnata) and Kaffir Lime Leaves (Citrus hystrix)

This research was aimed to analyze the characteristics of sie reuboh processed with the addition of palm vinegar and kaffir lime leaves with different concentrations to produce sie reuboh with a good quality and to maintain the stability of its quality during storage at room temperature. The research consisted of 2 stages. In the first stage, 4000 g of sie reuboh was treated with different doses of palm vinegar and kaffir lime leaves (0 mL and 0 g, 100 mL and 10 g, 120 mL and 20 g, and 140 mL and 30 g) for microbiological analysis.  Sie reuboh with the best result of microbiological analysis was later used in Stage 2 to be stored at room temperature and was analyzed for its physical antioxidant activity, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), and microbiological analysis. The result showed that different levels of palm vinegar and kaffir lime leaves did not significantly affect the aw, pH, yield, and microbiological characteristics of the sie reuboh. Different ratios of palm vinegar and kaffir lime leaves significantly affected (P&lt;0.05) the tenderness of sie reuboh.  Sie reuboh without addition of palm vinegar and kaffir lime leaves showed a better tenderness than sie reuboh added with palm vinegar and kaffir lime leaves. The best treatment based on microbiological analysis was shown by treatment of sie reuboh with 120 mL of palm vinegar and 20 g of kaffir lime leaves and this sie reuboh was later used to test the stability of the sie reuboh when it was stored at room temperature. The results showed that sie reuboh produced by addition of 120 mL of palm vinegar and 20 g of kaffir lime leaves demonstrated antioxidant activity for inhibition of free radicals as was indicated by the stability of TBARS value during 9 days of storage at room temperature. This combination of treatment could also effectively stabilize the quality of sie reuboh, as indicated by a proper storability at maximum limit of total plate count and mold growth until 3 days of storage at room temperature

Kualitas Fisik Dan Mikroba Daging Sapi Yang Ditambah Jahe (Zingiber Officinale Roscoe) Pada Konsentrasi Dan Lama Penyimpanan Yang Berbeda

The objective of this research was to determine the effect of ginger addition in pasta form with different concentration and time of storages on meat tenderness, total microbe, and pH value. The semimembranosus of 2 to 3 years old Brahman Cross muscle from Bogor slaughter house was used for this research. This research was executed at Laboratory of Large Ruminant, Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University. This research used a completely randomized design with factorial pattern 3 x 4 with 3 replications. First factor was concentration of ginger addition consist of 0, 6, and 8% of meat weight and the second factor was time of storage, consisted 0, 3, 6, and 9 days. The result showed that there was no significant difference of ginger concentration on pH value, in contrast there was a significant difference (P < 0.01) of storage time and interaction between factors. The decreasing pH value influenced tenderness and total microbes. Time of storage and interaction between factors showed a significant effect (P < 0.05) on meat tenderness. Interaction occurred on 6 days of meat storage with shear value 4.43 kg/cm3. The highest tenderness value was obtained on 9 days of meat storage for ginger concentration of, 6% and 8%, i.e. 4.02 kg/cm3 and 3.76 kg/ cm3 respectively. Both factors and their interaction showed a significant difference (P < 0.01) on total microbes. The decrease of total microbes occurred on treated samples but in control total microbe increased until 9 days of meat storage. Six percent ginger addition decreased total microbes until 9 days of meat storage that was 1.5 x 106 cfu/g. In 9 days of meat storage the result showed that 6% and 8% ginger addition had total microbes 3.3 x 107 cfu/g and 2.1 x 107 cfu/g respectively. Antimicrobial activity increased as ginger concentration addition increased

Physical and Microbiological Qualities of Kampong-Broiler Crossbred Chickens Meat Raised in Different Stocking Densities

The crossbreeding between broiler and kampong chickens has been performed to develop a kampong-broiler strain chicken. The chicken stocking condition needs more attention as a part of animal welfare. This study was performed to identify the relationship between the stocking density and the stress based on Temperature Humidity Index (THI) and the effect of stocking density on meat quality, i.e., physical, microbiological, and organoleptic. Ninety DOCs of Kampong-Broiler (KB) were assigned into a completely randomized design with 3 treatments of stocking density  i.e., 8, 10, and 12 birds m-2. Each treatment was replicated 3 times. The experimental chickens were housed in 9 blocks of housing each with 1 x 1 m2 size. Data on physical and microbiology of meat qualities were analyzed with analysis of variance and continued with Duncan’s multiple range test. The organoleptic data were analyzed by using Kruskal-Wallis test. The result showed that the stocking density did not significantly affect the physical and hedonic quality of KB chicken’s breast. The stocking densities significantly affected (P&lt;0.05) the microbiological variables of breast meat. The average value of THI during maintenance reached 28.98±1.25–29.33±1.32oC. The higher the animal density the higher the THI value that correlated to the stress condition. However, high stocking density did not affect the physical and hedonic quality of breast meat,  thus it can be accepted by the consumers. The higher the stocking density the higher the total plate count, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus, without the presence of Salmonella sp. The meat quality of KB chickens raised in the stocking density of 10 birds m-2 meets the requirement of SNI 01-3924-2009

Utilization of Durian Seed Flour as Filler Ingredient of Meatball

Durian seed flour contains starch consisted of amylose and amylopectin like tapioca flour, so it can be utilized as a filler in meatball production. The purposes of this research were to evaluate the nutrient content and quality of durian seed flour, the best level of durian seed flour addition to the meatball production, and the quality of beef meatball during storage in room temperature and refrigerator. Complete randomized design (CRD) was used with 3 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments used different filler ingredients consisted of: 1) 100% tapioca, 2) 50% tapioca + 50% durian seed flour, and 3) 100% durian seed flour utilization. The results showed that durian seed flour could affect the protein levels and hardness of beef meatballs. In the organoleptic test, the addition of durian seed flour had no effect on the appearance of the color, flavor, aroma, and texture. The meatballs with 100% durian seed flour had the lowest hardness. The protein content of the meatballs with 100% durian seed flour was the highest. The used of 50% durian seed flour gave the best effect to beef meatball during storage. Meatball could be stored up to 8 h in room temperature while refrigerator could keep it longer up to 12 d. It was concluded that the addition 50% durian seed flour may substitute tapioca flour as filler ingredient of beef meatball

Analisa Teknis Perancangan Turbin pada Turbocahrger Menggunakan CFD

Fungsi tambahan dari Turbocharger terhadap motor yakni dapat mengurangi SFOC (Specific Fuel Oil Consumption), memperkecil getaran, serta meningkatkan efisiensia. Prinsip kerja dari turbocharger adalah gas buang dari mesin diesel dialirkan menuju gas inlet cashing untuk menggerakan turbin turbocharger, setelah turbin bergerak aliran fluida akan keluar melalui gas outlet cashing. Karena turbin berputar maka shaft turbin yang telah terhubung dengan kompresor otomatis akan memutar impeller kompresor tersebut. Sehingga mengakibatka udara luar masuk melalui air inlet casing, akibat putaran kompresor fluida gas menjadi bertekanan dan dapat mensuplay ke mesin diesel tersebut. Pada penulisan tugas akhir ini akan membahas tentang analisa teknis perancangan turbin turbocharger dengan mevariasikan nilai putaran turbin sejumpah 5000 rpm,10000 rpm, 15000 rpm, 20000 rpm 25000 rpm dan 30000 rpm. Sedangkan mass flow rate fluida disesuaikan dengan exhaust gas mass flow rate berdasarkan kondisi engine 100%, 85%, 75 % sedangkan nilai mass flow rate sebesar 1.7 kg/s, 1.45 kg/s dan 1.28 kg/s. Jumlah blade dan diameter blade telah ditentukan dan tidak mengubah sudut setiap putaran turbin. Analisa menggunakan Computational Fluids Dynamics (CFD) dengan memasukan nilai-nilai yang telah ditentukan. Dengan menghasilkan putaran RPM ketika engine power sebesar 75% maka putaran 18944 RPM,Ketika engine power sebesar 85% maka putaran 22346 RPM.,Ketika engine power sebesar 100% sebesar 26956 RPM