Metodología y aplicación de atributos sísmicos en la modelación de facies para zonas potencialmente productoras de gas. Área Santa Cruz-Jibacoa, Cuba

Históricamente, la exploración petrolera en Cuba, se ha apoyado en estudios geoquímicos, petrofísicos y de ingeniería de yacimientos en los pozos para caracterizar los intervalos productores de hidrocarburos y la explotación del gas disuelto. El objetivo de este estudio es detectar en esos reservorios, las acumulaciones comerciales de gases húmedos a partir del uso de los atributos sísmicos con la instrumentación de una metodología de trabajo. Se escogieron dos yacimientos que se encuentran en la Franja Norte Petrolera Cubana; el Santa Cruz del Norte (patrón de aprendizaje) y Jibacoa (patrón predictivo). Como objeto se estudió la Formación Vega Alta, secuencia sinorogénica de edad Paleoceno-Eoceno Medio, con gran complejidad litológica, considerada sello regional, pero paradójicamente, con apreciables manifestaciones de hidrocarburos, principalmente de gas. Se realizó un análisis microfacial, fundamentalmente con la información de los cuttings (1921 m), construyéndose un modelo ternario para las rocas clásticas y otro para las carbonatadas y silíceas, con predominio de las primeras. Para obtener información sobre la relación entre las litofacies y los atributos sísmicos, se efectuó un análisis exploratorio de los datos. Se establecieron las firmas sísmicas para cada litotipo y con la aplicación de métodos de minería de datos, se ajustó la capacidad de esos atributos para diferenciar cada litofacies. Fueron discretizados 4130 intervalos patrones en pozos. Para trabajar dentro de un dominio con gran incertidumbre, se empleó un algoritmo geoestadístico de simulación secuencial de indicadores para calcular las probabilidades. Se ejecutó la conversión de atributo sísmico a litofacies, mediante una clasificación supervisada, en una matriz de 350000 celdas (aproximadamente 43750 km3 en total), con los atributos sísmicos seleccionados como significativo y por último se estableció un cálculo de riesgo-recompensa que pronostica el alcance económico de esta estrategia.Historically the Cuban exploration strategy has been characterized by discovering productive oil intervals and to use its associated gas by conventional methods. The objective of this study was to create a methodology to detect reservoirs with free gaseous hydrocarbons contain, by seismic attributes. Were chosen two oilfields located in the Cuban Northern Oil Belt; (main Cuban oil region); Santa Cruz del Norte (learning pattern) and Jibacoa oil fields (predictive pattern). Were studied the Vega Alta Formation, a synogenic sequence of Paleocene-Middle Eocene age, with great lithological complexity and considered as a regional seal, but paradoxically, with significant hydrocarbons presence. A microfacial analysis was carried out, with the information of the cuttings, building a ternary model for clastite rocks and another model for carbonated and siliceous rocks. Were studied 1921 m by cuttings samples, predominantly clastic lithofacies. An exploratory data analysis was carried out, which permitted obtaining information about the unknown relationship between lithofacies and seismic attributes. The seismic signatures of lithofacial classification were determined, and with the assistance of data mining methods were adjusted the seismic attributes to differentiate lithofacies. These were discretized in 4130 standard patterns intervals. Probability values were calculated applying a geostatistics sequential simulation algorithm. The inverse task (conversion of seismic attributes to lithofacies) was executed, through a supervised classification, into a 350000 cells matrix (approximately 43750 km3), with the selected seismic attributes and finally, an exploration risk analysis was calculated for estimate the economic strategy

Assessment of plasma chitotriosidase activity, CCL18/PARC concentration and NP-C suspicion index in the diagnosis of Niemann-Pick disease type C : A prospective observational study

Niemann-Pick disease type C (NP-C) is a rare, autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease caused by mutations in either the NPC1 or NPC2 genes. The diagnosis of NP-C remains challenging due to the non-specific, heterogeneous nature of signs/symptoms. This study assessed the utility of plasma chitotriosidase (ChT) and Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 18 (CCL18)/pulmonary and activation-regulated chemokine (PARC) in conjunction with the NP-C suspicion index (NP-C SI) for guiding confirmatory laboratory testing in patients with suspected NP-C. In a prospective observational cohort study, incorporating a retrospective determination of NP-C SI scores, two different diagnostic approaches were applied in two separate groups of unrelated patients from 51 Spanish medical centers (n = 118 in both groups). From Jan 2010 to Apr 2012 (Period 1), patients with ≥2 clinical signs/symptoms of NP-C were considered 'suspected NP-C' cases, and NPC1/NPC2 sequencing, plasma chitotriosidase (ChT), CCL18/PARC and sphingomyelinase levels were assessed. Based on findings in Period 1, plasma ChT and CCL18/PARC, and NP-C SI prediction scores were determined in a second group of patients between May 2012 and Apr 2014 (Period 2), and NPC1 and NPC2 were sequenced only in those with elevated ChT and/or elevated CCL18/PARC and/or NP-C SI ≥70. Filipin staining and 7-ketocholesterol (7-KC) measurements were performed in all patients with NP-C gene mutations, where possible. In total across Periods 1 and 2, 10/236 (4%) patients had a confirmed diagnosis o NP-C based on gene sequencing (5/118 [4.2%] in each Period): all of these patients had two causal NPC1 mutations. Single mutant NPC1 alleles were detected in 8/236 (3%) patients, overall. Positive filipin staining results comprised three classical and five variant biochemical phenotypes. No NPC2 mutations were detected. All patients with NPC1 mutations had high ChT activity, high CCL18/PARC concentrations and/or NP-C SI scores ≥70. Plasma 7-KC was higher than control cut-off values in all patients with two NPC1 mutations, and in the majority of patients with single mutations. Family studies identified three further NP-C patients. This approach may be very useful for laboratories that do not have mass spectrometry facilities and therefore, they cannot use other NP-C biomarkers for diagnosis

I simposio Internacional sobre Investigación en la enseñanza de las ciencias

Edición 202

ENGIU: Encuentro Nacional de Grupos de Investigación de UNIMINUTO.

El desarrollo del prototipo para el sistema de detección de Mina Antipersona (MAP), inicia desde el semillero ADSSOF perteneciente al programa de Administración en Seguridad y Salud en el trabajo de la UNIMINUTO, se realiza a partir de un detector de metales que emite una señal audible, que el usuario puede interpretar como aviso de presencia de un objeto metálico, en este caso una MAP. La señal audible se interpreta como un dato, como ese dato no es perceptible a 5 metros de distancia, se implementa el transmisor de Frecuencia Modulada FM por la facilidad de modulación y la escogencia de frecuencia de transmisión de acuerdo con las normas y resolución del Ministerio de Comunicaciones; de manera que esta sea la plataforma base para enviar los datos obtenidos a una frecuencia establecida. La idea es que el ser humano no explore zonas peligrosas y buscar la forma de crear un sistema que permita eliminar ese riesgo, por otro lado, buscar la facilidad de uso de elementos ya disponibles en el mercado

Effects of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery: an international prospective cohort study an international prospective cohort study

We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care. We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care