Cama de pollo en Entre Ríos. Aportes para un mejor uso y manejo

La cama de pollo (CP) es un residuo de la producción avícola de pollos parrilleros. Entre Ríos y en particular el área de influencia de la Estación Experimental del INTA Concepción del Uruguay constituyen el principal núcleo productivo de esta rama de la avicultura a nivel país. Entre Ríos concentró el 48,7% de la faena del año 2015. El objetivo del libro es acercar a profesionales, productores, empresas e instituciones interesadas, la información obtenida relativa a la CP por esta unidad del INTA, a través de una compilación.EEA Concepción del UruguayFil: Almada, Natalia Soledad. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Concepción del Uruguay; ArgentinaFil: Araujo, Santiago Ruben. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Concepción del Uruguay; ArgentinaFil: Arias, Norma Monica. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Concepción del Uruguay; ArgentinaFil: Bernigaud, Irma Isabel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Concepción del Uruguay; ArgentinaFil: Bueno, Dante Javier. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Concepción del Uruguay; ArgentinaFil: De Battista, Juan José. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Concepción del Uruguay; ArgentinaFil: Duarte, Sabrina Lorena. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química; ArgentinaFil: Duarte, Sabrina Lorena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Centro Científico Tecnológico Santa Fe; ArgentinaFil: Federico, Francisco Javier. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Concepción del Uruguay; ArgentinaFil: Ferrer, José Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Concepción del Uruguay. Agencia de Extensión Rural Villaguay; ArgentinaFil: Gallinger, Claudia Isabel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Concepción del Uruguay; ArgentinaFil: Gange, Juan Martí­n. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Concepción del Uruguay; ArgentinaFil: Garcia, Ana Laura. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Concepción del Uruguay; ArgentinaFil: Genta, Guillermo. Actividad privada; ArgentinaFil: Procura, Francisco. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Concepción del Uruguay; ArgentinaFil: Procura, Francisco. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); ArgentinaFil: Pulido, Diego Germán. Actividad privada; ArgentinaFil: Re, Alejo Esteban. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Concepción del Uruguay; ArgentinaFil: Rodriguez, Francisco. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Concepción del Uruguay; ArgentinaFil: Rodriguez, Francisco. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); ArgentinaFil: Soria, Mario. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Concepción del Uruguay; Argentin

Validation of an orthotopic non-small cell lung cancer mouse model, with left or right tumor growths, to use in conformal radiotherapy studies

Orthotopic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) mice models are important for establishing translatability of in vitro results. However, most orthotopic lung models do not produce localized tumors treatable by conformal radiotherapy (RT). Here we report on the performance of an orthotopic mice model featuring conformal RT treatable tumors following either left or right lung tumor cell implantation. Athymic Nude mice were surgically implanted with H1299 NSCLC cell line in either the left or right lung. Tumor development was tracked bi-weekly using computed tomography (CT) imaging. When lesions reached an appropriate size for treatment, animals were separated into non-treatment (control group) and RT treated groups. Both RT treated left and right lung tumors which were given a single dose of 20 Gy of 225 kV X-rays. Left lung tumors were treated with a two-field parallel opposed plan while right lung tumors were treated with a more conformal four-field plan to assess tumor control. Mice were monitored for 30 days after RT or after tumor reached treatment size for non-treatment animals. Treatment images from the left and right lung tumor were also used to assess the dose distribution for four distinct treatment plans: 1) Two sets of perpendicularly staggered parallel opposed fields, 2) two fields positioned in the anterior-posterior and posterior-anterior configuration, 3) an 180° arc field from 0° to 180° and 4) two parallel opposed fields which cross through the contralateral lung. Tumor volumes and changes throughout the follow-up period were tracked by three different types of quantitative tumor size approximation and tumor volumes derived from contours. Ultimately, our model generated delineable and conformal RT treatable tumor following both left and right lung implantation. Similarly consistent tumor development was noted between left and right models. We were also able to demonstrate that a single 20 Gy dose of 225 kV X-rays applied to either the right or left lung tumor models had similar levels of tumor control resulting in similar adverse outcomes and survival. And finally, three-dimensional tumor approximation featuring volume computed from the measured length across three perpendicular axes gave the best approximation of tumor volume, most closely resembled tumor volumes obtained with contours

Plot of the growth of surgical site density post-surgery over the first 3 weeks.

A stagnation of lesion growth occurs at the end of the first week in our population of 67 recorded surgeries. Post 2 weeks, the lesions are identified as tumors as they can be traced back from instances of confirmed tumor imaging retroactively. Error bars are indicative of standard error. (TIF)</p

Plots featuring survival of CTRL and RT animals.

Box and whisker plot showing animal survival after RT (left), n = 27, comparing survival of untreated animals (blue), n = 14, and animals given a single dose of 20 Gy (orange), n = 13. Kaplan-Meier survival curve showing the rate of animal mortality throughout the period after RT (right), n = 28, featuring survival of untreated animals (blue), n = 16, and animals given a single dose of 20 Gy (orange), n = 12. Like tumor size response, both left and right lung animals had similar survival outcome and were grouped together for analysis. The same treatment regimen is applied to animals in Fig 5 and the current figure.</p

Contour of the heart (orange dashed line) with the unclear delineated boundary between the heart and the thymus (shorted segment between the two orange arrows).

The delineated boundary between the heart and thymus was based an approximation of the heart shape as densities between the heart and thymus cannot be visually differentiated. (TIF)</p

The images feature the transverse (1^st image of every row), coronal (2^nd image of every row), and sagittal (3^rd image of every row) slices of the CT image at the location of the lesion (indicated by the green arrow).

Each row of images features methods of measuring (as delineated by red lines) based on the RECIST criteria (1st row from the top), two-dimensional traditional measurement (2nd row), and three-dimensional ellipsoid-based measurement (3rd row).</p

CT imaging of right lung tumor growth progression for representative H1299 (top row) and A549 (bottom row) implanted animals.

Each column represents a different time point, from the left the time points were post-op (far left column), imaging at first lesion which was two weeks after surgery (2nd column from the left), 3) two weeks after first lesion (2nd column from the right), and 4) one week after previous time point (far most right column). The presence of the H1299 lesion is indicated by an orange arrow. (TIF)</p

Average animal weights across all groups post-surgery (left), n = 27, and animal weights as divided by treatment group (right) showing CTRL group animals (blue), n = 14, and RT animals given one dose of 20 Gy (orange), n = 13.

Both left and right lung implanted animals responded similarly and were grouped together for analysis. Days elapsed refers to the number of days since initial tumor cell implantation.</p

Dose values, in Gy, for all four treatment plans including: 1) two sets of perpendicular staggered parallel opposed fields with avoidance of both spinal cord and heart (denoted 4 Field), 2) two fields positioned in the AP-PA configuration (denoted AP-PA), 3) two parallel opposed fields which crosses through the contralateral lung as well as the target with avoidance of both heart and spinal cord (denoted Lat. Opp.), and 3) an 180° arc field from 0° to 180° (denoted Arc).

The mean dose (Dmean), dose to 95%, 80%, 50%, 20%, 5% and 1% of the structure volume are listed (rows) for each of the five contoured structures. Volumes for both the representative right and lung implanted lesion, for which the plans were generated, and values were calculated for, were 8 and 7 mm3 respectively.</p

Treatment plans for both the left and right lung.

The columns are views of the treatment plan from three visual axes, transversal (Column A), sagittal (Column B) and coronal (Column C). All the even numbered rows are plans which featured left lung lesions while all odd numbered rows are plans featured right lung lesions. The plans shown are 1) 2 sets of perpendicular staggered parallel opposed fields with avoidance of both spinal cord and heart (Row 1 & 2), 2) 2 fields positioned in APPA configuration (Row 3 & 4), 3) an 180° arc field from 0° to 180° (Row 5 & 6) and 4) 2 parallel opposed fields which crosses through the contralateral lung as well as the target with avoidance of both heart and spinal cord (Row 7 & 8).</p