Effect of restoration of euthyroidism on visfatin concentrations and body composition in women

Dysregulation of thyroid function has known impact on body metabolism, however, data regarding metabolic outcome after restoration of thyroid function is limited. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the effect of restoration of euthyroidism on serum visfatin, and its associations with insulin resistance and body composition. This is an observational study with consecutive enrollment. Forty-nine hyperthyroid (median age of 34 years) and 44 hypothyroid women (median age of 46 years) completed the study. Laboratory parameters and body composition analysis were assessed before and after the therapy. In the hyperthyroid group, visfatin concentrations increased (P \u3c 0.0001), while glucose concentrations decreased (P \u3c 0.0001). Total body mass and fat mass in the trunk and limbs significantly increased during the treatment. In the hypothyroid group, significant weight loss resulted from decrease of fat and muscle masses in trunk and limbs. Visfatin serum concentrations positively correlated with total fat mass (r = 0.19, P = 0.01) and insulin concentrations (r = 0.17, P = 0.018). In conclusion, restoration of thyroid function is not associated with beneficial changes in body composition, especially among hyperthyroid females

Titin and dystrophin serum concentration changes in patients affected by thyroid disorders

Introduction: It is well established that thyroid hormones significantly affect skeletal muscle function, causing symptoms like myalgia and muscle weakness. Hypothyroid patients present increased levels of creatine kinase (CK), indicating muscle destruction. Lately, we proposed new serum markers of muscle disturbances in thyroid disorders: titin (TTN) and dystrophin (DMD). The aim of this study is to determine the association between thyroid status, muscle metabolism, and serum levels of TTN and DMD in patients affected by hypoand hyperthyroidism, before and after the treatment. Material and methods: In the study 56 subjects were enrolled. The studied group consisted of 16 patients with newly diagnosed overt hypothyroidism and 20 patients with hyperthyroidism. Twenty healthy controls were also included in the study. Body composition, thyroid hormones, and biochemical markers of muscle deterioration levels were evaluated before and after restoration of euthyroidism. Results: Dystrophin and TTN levels were noticeably lower in the hypothyroid group and hyperthyroid group in comparison with controls, at the border of statistical significance. Along with the thyroid hormones and CK normalisation, DMD levels increased in the hypothyroid group, with no significant lowering of TTN levels. However, TTN concentrations and the fT3/fT4 ratio became significantly lower than in controls. Hyperthyroid patients experienced no significant changes in TTN and DMD. Conclusions: The presented data indicate that TTN and DMD are potential new markers of musculoskeletal deterioration in thyroid disorders. In addition, the shift in TTN and DMD serum concentrations after the treatment of hypothyroidism accompanied by decreased fT3/fT4 ratio suggest the influence of the chosen therapeutic approach on muscle metabolism

Circulating Visfatin in Hypothyroidism Is Associated with Free Thyroid Hormones and Antithyroperoxidase Antibodies

We hypothesized that regulation of visfatin in hypothyroidism might be altered by coexisting chronic autoimmune thyroiditis. This is a prospective case-control study of 118 subjects. The autoimmune study group (AIT) consisted of 39 patients newly diagnosed with hypothyroidism in a course of chronic autoimmune thyroiditis. The nonautoimmune study group (TT) consisted of 40 patients thyroidectomized due to the differentiated thyroid cancer staged pT1. The control group comprised 39 healthy volunteers adjusted for age, sex, and BMI with normal thyroid function and negative thyroid antibodies. Exclusion criteria consisted of other autoimmune diseases, active neoplastic disease, diabetes mellitus, and infection, which were reported to alter visfatin level. Fasting blood samples were taken for visfatin, TSH, free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), antithyroperoxidase antibodies (TPOAb), antithyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb), glucose, and insulin levels. The highest visfatin serum concentration was in AIT group, and healthy controls had visfatin level higher than TT (p=0.0001). Simple linear regression analysis revealed that visfatin serum concentration was significantly associated with autoimmunity (β=0.1014; p=0.003), FT4 (β=0.05412; p=0.048), FT3 (β=0.05242; p=0.038), and TPOAb (β=0.0002; p=0.0025), and the relationships were further confirmed in the multivariate regression analysis

Rozpiętość rozkładu objętości erytrocytów — nowy marker zaostrzenia niewydolności krążenia u pacjentów z niedoczynnością tarczycy po leczeniu jodem promieniotwórczym

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases constitute a major cause of health problems and death in developed countries across the world. The increased value of the index of distribution of red blood cells volume (RDW) may be a prognostic marker in patients diagnosed with chronic heart failure (CHF). Hypothyroid patients present higher RDW values if compared to healthy controls. Taking into consideration that RDW might be both affected by thyroid status and CHF, we decided to determine the effect of concomitant hypothyroidism following radioiodine therapy (RIT) and CHF on hematological parameters. Materials and methods: Patients with toxic nodular goiter and heart failure with concomitant anemia were included. Patients underwent treatment with radioiodine before the planned heart transplant or pacemaker implantation (combined ICD/CRT-D). After RIT patients were divided into the three subgroups: with overt hypothyroidism (TSH ≥ 10µIU/mL, Group I), subclinically hypothyroid patients (TSH 4.3-9.0 µIU/mL, Group II) and with high-normal level of TSH (2.6-4.2 µIU/mL, Group III). Results: Significant correlation between TSH and RDW was observed (r=0.46; P < 0.0001) after RIT, whereas no correlation between serum TSH levels and TIBC and Fe was observed. In Group I significant correlation between TSH and RDW (r= 0.48; P = 0.002) after RIT was observed, whereas in two other subgroups there were no significant correlation. Conclusions: Subclinical hypothyroidism or high-normal levels of TSH did not affect RDW in a significant manner in the studied population. Our results demonstrates that overt hypothyroidism may contribute to deterioration of CHF reflected in changes of RDW value. Wstęp: Choroby sercowo-naczyniowe stanowią główną przyczynę problemów zdrowotnych i zgonów w krajach wysoko uprzemysłowionych na całym świecie. Podwyższona wartość rozpiętości rozkładu objętości erytrocytów (RDW) może stanowić marker prognostyczny u pacjentów z przewlekłą niewydolnością serca (PNS). Pacjenci z niedoczynnością tarczycy mają wyższe wartości RDW w porównaniu z osobami zdrowymi. Biorąc pod uwagę, że RDW może być zmienione zarówno przez stan czynnościowy tarczycy, jak i PNS, autorzy niniejszej pracy postanowili ustalić wpływ współistniejącej niedoczynności tarczycy spowodowanej terapią jodem promieniotwórczym (RIT) i PNS na parametry hematologiczne. Materiały i metody: Włączono pacjentów z wolem guzkowym toksycznym, PNS oraz towarzyszącą niedokrwistością. U pacjentów prze­prowadzono RIT przed planowanym przeszczepieniem serca lub implantacją urządzenia resynchronizującego lub defibrylatora (ICD/CRT-D). Po RIT pacjentów podzielono na 3 podgrupy: z jawną niedoczynnością tarczycy (TSH ≥ 10 μIU/mL — grupa I), z subkliniczną niedoczynnością (TSH 4,3–9,0 μIU/mL — grupa II) oraz z TSH w górnej granicy normy (2,6–4,2 μIU/mL — grupa III). Wyniki: Zaobserwowano istotną korelację między TSH i RDW (r = 0,46; P &lt; 0,0001) po RIT, podczas gdy nie zaobserwowano kore­lacji między stężeniem TSH i stężeniem żelaza oraz TIBC. W grupie I zaobserwowano istotną korelację między TSH i RDW (r = 0,48; P = 0,002) po RIT, jakkolwiek w dwóch pozostałych podgrupach nie zaobserwowano istotnej korelacji. Wnioski: Subkliniczna niedoczynność tarczycy, jak i wartości TSH w górnej granicy normy nie wpływały na RDW w sposób istotny w grupie badanej. Wyniki wskazują, że jawna niedoczynność tarczycy może przyczynić się do zaostrzenia PNS odzwierciedlonej zmianą wartości RDW

Zależne od czasu zmiany stężenia irisiny u pacjentów z jawną niedoczynnością tarczycy

  Introduction: Irisin, a cleaved and secreted part of the transmembrane protein FNDC5, is a recently discovered adipo-myokine that is said to have a significant influence on body metabolism. Changes in thyrometabolic state may also alter the serum irisin level. Since already reported data are not fully consistent, the aim of the present research is to evaluate the time-dependent changes in serum irisin level in patients affected by overt hypothyroidism. Material and methods: The study involved 36 subjects — two groups of 12 patients with long-lasting (AITD) and short-term (TC) overt hypothyroidism, and a control group (CG) of 12 subjects, matched for age and gender. Serum irisin level, thyrometabolic state, creatine kinase (CK — muscle damage marker), glucose, and insulin concentration were assessed and compared between groups. Results: The irisin level was significantly lower in AITD than in TC and CG (p = 0.02; p &lt; 0.01; respectively) patients, with no statistical difference between TC and CG (p &gt; 0.05). There was no significant difference between free triiodothyronine and free thyroxine levels in AITD and TC patients (p &gt; 0.05). CK concentration was significantly higher in AITD than in CG patients (p &lt; 0.01) with no difference between AITD and TC patients (p &gt; 0.05) as well as TC and CG patients (p &gt; 0.05). Additionally, the CK level negatively correlated with the irisin level (r = –0.58; p &lt; 0.01). Conclusions: In conclusion, the irisin concentration changes during thyroid function impairment may be time-dependent. Patients with prolonged hypothyroidism have lower irisin levels that those with short-term disorder. (Endokrynol Pol 2016; 67 (5): 476–480)    Wstęp: Irisina, oczyszczona i wydzielana do krążenia część białka transbłonowego FNDC5, jest niedawno odkrytą adipo-miokiną mającą znaczący wpływ na metabolizm organizmu. Zaburzenia czynności tarczycy mogą zmieniać poziom irisiny w surowicy. W zawiązku z brakiem pełnej zgodności dotychczas uzyskanych danych, celem obecnego badania jest ocena zależności pomiędzy zmianą stężenia irisiny u pacjentów z jawną niedoczynnością tarczycy, a czasem trwania zaburzenia. Materiał i metody: W badaniu wzięło udział 36 osób — dwie grupy badane po 12 osób z długo trwającą (AITD) oraz krótkotrwałą (TC) jawną niedoczynnością, oraz 12-sto osobowa grupa kontrolna (CG), dopasowana względem płci i wieku. Poziom irisiny, status tyreometaboliczny, stężenie kinazy kreatynowej (CK — marker destrukcji mięśni), glukozy oraz insuliny zostały zbadane oraz porównywane między grupami. Wyniki: Poziom irisiny był statystycznie niższy w grupie AITD niż w grupie TC i CG (p = 0,02; p &lt; 0,01; odpowiednio). Różnicy takiej nie zaobserwowano pomiędzy grupą TC i CG (p &gt; 0,05). W grupach AITD oraz TC poziom wolnej trijodotyroniny oraz tyroksyny nie różniły się statystycznie (p &gt; 0,05). Stężenie CK było znacząco wyższe w grupie AITD niż CG (p &lt; 0,01), przy braku różnicy pomiędzy grupami AITD i TC (p &gt; 0,05) a także TC i CG (p &gt; 0,05). Dodatkowo, wystąpiła negatywna korelacja pomiędzy poziomem CK oraz stężeniem irisiny (r = –0,58; p &lt; 0,01). Wnioski: Podsumowując, zmiany stężenia irisiny u pacjentów z niedoczynnością tarczycy mogą zależeć od czasu trwania zaburzenia. Pacjenci z długotrwającą niedoczynnością tarczycy mają niższe stężenie irisiny niż ci, u których zaburzenie trwało krótko. (Endokrynol Pol 2016; 67 (5): 476–480)

Effect of Various Exercise Regimens on Selected Exercise-Induced Cytokines in Healthy People

Different forms of physical activity&mdash;endurance, resistance or dynamic power&mdash;stimulate cytokine release from various tissues to the bloodstream. Receptors for exercise-induced cytokines are present in muscle tissue, adipose tissue, liver, brain, bones, cardiovascular system, immune system, pancreas, and skin. They have autocrine, paracrine and endocrine activities. Many of them regulate the myocyte growth and differentiation necessary for muscle hypertrophy and myogenesis. They also modify energy homeostasis, lipid, carbohydrate, and protein metabolism, regulate inflammation and exchange information (crosstalk) between remote organs. So far, interleukin 6 and irisin have been the best studied exercise-induced cytokines. However, many more can be grouped into myokines, hepatokines and adipomyokines. This review focuses on the less known exercise-induced cytokines such as myostatin, follistatin, decorin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, fibroblast growth factor 21 and interleukin 15, and their relation to various forms of exercise, i.e., acute vs. chronic, regular training in healthy people

Effect of restoration of thyroid function on body composition, insulin resistance and visfatin concentrations in women with hypo- and hyperthyroidism

Introduction: The adipose tissue secrets visfatin, that might have metabolic effect. Changes of visfatin serum concentrations have been observed in different thyroid pathologies. Thyroid hormones affect metabolism, thus, both hypo- and hyperthyroidism might significantly alter body composition. Aims of the study: We aimed to investigate the effect of restoration of euthyroidism on serum visfatin in severe thyroid dysfunction, and its associations with insulin resistance and body composition. To limit the interference of individual factors, we have also analysed changes in three different thyrometabolic states in the same patients. Patients and methods: The study was designed as an observational with consecutive enrollment. Newly diagnosed females with overt hypo- or hyperthyroidism caused by autoimmune thyroid diseases (Hashimoto’s disease or Graves’ disease, respectively) were included into the study. Laboratory parameters and body composition were assessed in each patient at the diagnosis and after restoration of thyroid function. Results: Initially, 105 females were enrolled into the study: 49 hyperthyroid females (median age of 34 years) and 44 hypothyroid females (median age of 46) completed the study. In the hyperthyroid group, visfatin levels increased (\u3c0.0001), while glucose levels decreased (\u3c0.0001) after restoration of euthyroidism. Total body mass and fat mass in the trunk and limbs significantly increased during the treatment. In the hypothyroid group, significant weight loss after treatment resulted from decrease of fat and muscle masses in trunk and limbs. For pooled data of all women and all measurements, weak positive correlation between TSH concentrations and total body weight, as well as fat mass (r=0.19, P=0.01; r=0.2, P=0.006, respectively). There was also inverse correlation between FT4 and FT3 and total body weight (r=−0.246, P=0.0008; r=−0.17, P=0.022, respectively) and fat mass (r=−0.16, P=0.026; r=−0.18, P=0.018, respectively). Visfatin serum concentrations positively correlated with total fat mass (r=0.19, P=0.01) and insulin levels (r=0.17, P=0.018). Conclusions: We may conclude that restoration of thyroid function is not associated with beneficial changes in body composition, especially among hyperthyroid females, reflected by the significant increase of fat mass followed by the increase of circulating visfatin concentrations

ATPase Inhibitory Factor 1—A Novel Marker of Cellular Fitness and Exercise Capacity?

ATPase inhibitory factor 1 is a myokine inhibiting the hydrolytic activity of mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate synthase and ecto-F1-ATPase on the surface of many cells. IF1 affects ATP metabolism in mitochondria and the extracellular space and upregulates glucose uptake in myocytes; these processes are essential in physical activity. It is unknown whether the IF1 serum concentration is associated with exercise capacity. This study explored the association between resting IF1 serum concentration and exercise capacity indices in healthy people. IF1 serum concentration was measured in samples collected at rest in 97 healthy amateur cyclists. Exercise capacity was assessed on a bike ergometer at the successive stages of the progressive cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). IF1 serum concentration was negatively and significantly correlated with oxygen consumption, oxygen pulse, and load at various CPET stages. A better exercise capacity was associated with lower circulating IF1. IF1 may reflect better cellular/mitochondrial energetic fitness, but there is uncertainty regarding how IF1 is released into the intravascular space. We speculate that lower IF1 concentration may reflect a better cellular/mitochondrial integrity, as this protein is bound more strongly with ATPases in mitochondria and cellular surfaces in people with higher exercise capacity

Determinants of Visfatin/NAMPT Serum Concentration and its Leukocyte Expression in Hyperthyroidism.

We aimed to analyze the potential influence of thyroid autoimmunity on visfatin/NAMPT serum concentration and its leukocyte expression in hyperthyroid patients. This is a single-center, cross-sectional study with consecutive enrollment. All patients with newly diagnosed overt hyperthyroidism in a course of Graves\u27 disease or toxic nodular goiter were included in the study. They underwent physical examination, laboratory investigation, body composition analysis, and thyroid ultrasound