Studi Manajemen Perkawinan Ternak Dengan Teknik Inseminasi Buatan (IB) Pada Sapi Madura Di UPT Pembibitan dan Kesehatan Hewan

Artificial Insemination (AI) is a mating process, by unnaturally bringing sperm and egg cells together in female livestock (poultry and ruminants) with the help of human hands. The success of the AI technique is influenced by three main factors namely; livestock, cement and humans. UPT Livestock Breeding and Animal Health of Madura is one of the institutions for preserving Madura cattle germplasm, which further optimizes the AI program. The aim is to find out the factors that influence the success of Artificial Insemination, the process of detecting lust (estrus) and Artificial Insemination techniques. The method used in this study was direct observation using the artificial insemination method, namely rectovaginal. AI is an attempt to insert semen into the reproductive tract of female livestock using artificial tools and with human assistance or in other words marriages that are not carried out naturally. Detection of lust (Estrus) is the observation of signs of heat in a cow to be inseminated, detection of heat is an important factor in the process of artificial insemination because it determines the time for proper and successful mating. The AI technique in cattle is the rectovaginal method, in which the hand is inserted into the rectum and then holds the part of the cervix that is most easily identified because it has a hard anatomy, then the insemination gun is inserted through the vulva, into the vagina up to the cervix.Inseminasi Buatan (IB) adalah proses perkawinan, dengan mempertemukan antara sel sperma dan sel telur secara tidak alami yang dilakukan pada ternak betina (unggas dan ruminansia) dengan bantuan tangan manusia. Keberhasilan teknik IB dipengaruhi oleh tiga faktor utama yaitu; ternak, semen dan manusia. UPT Pembibitan Ternak dan Kesehatan Hewan Madura merupakan salah satu instansi pelestarian plasma nutfah sapi Madura, yang lebih mengoptimalisasikan program IB. Tujuannya untuk mengetahu faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan Inseminasi Buatan, proses deteksi birahi (estrus) dan teknik Inseminasi Buatan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pengamatan secara langsung dengan metode pada saat Inseminasi Buatan yaitu Rektovaginal. IB merupakan upaya memasukkan semen kedalam saluran reproduksi ternak betina dengan menggunakan alat buatan dan dengan bantuan manusia atau dengan kata lain perkawinan yang bukan dilakukan secara alami. Deteksi Birahi (Estrus) merupakan pengamatan terhadap tanda-tanda birahi pada sapi yang akan diinseminasi, deteksi birahi merupakan faktor penting dalam proses inseminasi buatan karena merupakan penentu waktu untuk melakukan perkawinan secara tepat dan berhasil. Teknik IB pada ternak sapi adalah dengan metode rektovaginal yaitu tangan dimasukkan kedalam rektum kemudian memegang bagian serviks yang paling mudah diidentifikasi karena mempunyai anatomi yang keras, kemudian insemination gun dimasukkan melalui vulva, ke vagina hingga ke bagian serviks

CrossNorm: Normalization for Off-Policy TD Reinforcement Learning

Off-policy temporal difference (TD) methods are a powerful class of reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms. Intriguingly, deep off-policy TD algorithms are not commonly used in combination with feature normalization techniques, despite positive effects of normalization in other domains. We show that naive application of existing normalization techniques is indeed not effective, but that well-designed normalization improves optimization stability and removes the necessity of target networks. In particular, we introduce a normalization based on a mixture of on- and off-policy transitions, which we call cross-normalization. It can be regarded as an extension of batch normalization that re-centers data for two different distributions, as present in off-policy learning. Applied to DDPG and TD3, cross-normalization improves over the state of the art across a range of MuJoCo benchmark tasks

Arts practice and process: a basis for a pedagogical approach to art education focused on issues of social relevance

Karen Argus examined a creative arts practice's potential for teaching visual art. Arts education derived from knowledge based in art is more effective (Sullivan & Gu 2017). This research analyses visual art practice from beginning to end for potential application to visual arts pedagogy in future research