Constitutive Inescapability and the Search for Normative Authority

A recent family of views known as constitutivism represents a novel attempt to ground metaethics in the nature of action. A key move constitutivists make is to ground “normative authority” in the nature of our practical commitments – or, in other words, in the inescapability of a practical point of view. In the following paper, I argue that normative authority can emerge from inescapability, and articulate the strongest form of this constitutivist strategy – one that sees the aim of action as self-understanding. I then explore a recent set of objections that claims talk of “inescapability” cannot get us normative authority. The upshot of this view is that any constitutivist strategy not supplemented by a traditional metaethical account will give us contingent and non-normatively authoritative aims. I argue that such contingency worries are largely toothless. Noting, however, that the worries do capture the problematically thin nature of the norms we can derive from a constitutivist project, I sketch a solution. I show that we can transform the constitutivist view into a constructivist metaethical account and that this provides the metaethical substance constitutivism might otherwise lack. Finally, I complete this metaethical project by showing what moral reasoning will look like, and how it is justified for the metaethical constructivist

Comparison of FLT3 inhibitors with the standard treatment for FLT3-ITD mutated acute myeloid leukemia

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive hematologic malignancy, which is characterized by impaired differentiation and uncontrollable proliferation of myeloid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. One-third of patients with AML have a mutation in the FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) gene. The FLT3 mutation most commonly occurs as an internal tandem duplication (ITD) and is associated with a poor prognosis. Patients with FLT3-ITD mutated AML are able to achieve complete remission at the same rate as patients with wild-type FLT3 but face a higher relapse rate and reduced overall survival. The standard treatment for FLT3-ITD mutated AML has been intensive chemotherapy with or without hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). In recent years, there has been an emergence of various targeted first and second generation FLT3 inhibitors. The first-generation inhibitors lack specificity for FLT3 and include sunitinib, sorafenib, lestaurtinib and midostaurin. The second-generation inhibitors potently target FLT3 and include quizartinib, crenolanib and gilteritinib. Currently, midostaurin is the only FLT3 inhibitor that has been approved by the FDA to treat patients with AML. A barrier in AML treatment is drug resistance, which can lead to either a lack of efficacy or loss of prior efficacy. There are a variety of intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms that underlie the acquisition of resistance. This literature review will explore the clinical implications and limitations of the treatment options for patients with FLT3- ITD mutated AML and discuss the negative impact that resistance has on efficacy

Chemical fertilizer treatments of Norway Pine transplants in the University of Michigan Nursery

Master of ScienceForestryUniversity of Michiganhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/113806/1/39015003283861.pd

3D Imaging of Microstructure

ME450 Capstone Design and Manufacturing Experience: Winter 2015The 3D microstructrure scanner device is placed underneath a microscope and exposes a platform on which the subject is placed. The device utilizes two small motors which allow the platform to be tilted and rotated allowing the microstructure to be imaged at several different angles ultimately enabling the user to construct a 3D model of the microstructure.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/111318/1/21_Report.pd

What’s the Relationship Between the Theory and Practice of Moral Responsibility?

This article identifies a novel challenge to standard understandings of responsibility practices, animated by experimental studies of biases and heuristics. It goes on to argue that this challenge illustrates a general methodological challenge for theorizing about responsibility. That is, it is difficult for a theory to give us both guidance in real world contexts and an account of the metaphysical and normative foundations of responsibility without treating wide swaths of ordinary practice as defective. The general upshot is that theories must either hew more closely to actual practice than they appear to, or they must provide some normative foundation for responsibility that does not go through actual practice

Here\u27s the Dirt: The Newest Recommendations for Garlic Mustard Management

Garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) is an invasive plant that has quickly become naturalized throughout most of the United States. Due in part to high reproductive output and the release of chemical compounds that disturb beneficial plant-fungal associations, this species is able to outcompete many native plants. Over the years, different garlic mustard management strategies been prescribed and implemented with varying success. Here we summarize methods for the removal of garlic mustard based on the most recent literature and research conducted in our lab. We aim to provide a series of clear tasks that landowners, stakeholders, and managers may find useful regarding the eradication of garlic mustard

Isolation of a catalytically competent phosphorylated tyrosine kinase from Rous sarcoma virus-induced rat tumor by immunoadsorption to and hapten elution from phosphotyrosine binding antibodies

A procedure has been developed for the isolation of a catalytically competent phosphorylated tyrosine kinase (RSV Y-kinase) from avian sarcoma virus-induced rat tumors. The procedure involves reaction of partially purified RSV Y-kinase with ATP to effect tyrosyl phosphorylation of catalytically competent RSV Y-kinase. Tyrosyl phosphorylated RSV Y-kinase was isolated from the heterogenous reaction mixture by immunoadsorption on immobilized phosphotyrosyl binding antibodies and elution with the hapten p-nitrophenyl phosphate. Estimation of the phosphate content of the purified phosphorylated RSV Y-kinase indicated that 1-3 tyrosyl groups had been phosphorylated upon reaction with ATP. The specific activity toward histone 2B of the purified phosphorylated RSV Y-kinase was at least 30-fold greater than that estimated for the RSV Y-kinase prepared previously by immunoadsorption on immobilized antiserum from tumor bearing rabbits.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/28715/1/0000536.pd