Libertas и политические отношения в поздней Римской республике

Данная монография предлагает сравнительный анализ идеи о libertas и ее практического воплощения в политической борьбе периода поздней Римской республики. Реконструируя представление римлян о libertas на фоне аналогичных концептов в классическую и эллинистическую эпохи, автор старается переосмыслить сущность политической борьбы в поздней Римской республике и ту роль, которую играло представление римлян о libertas в тогдашних политических отношениях.Монография включает указатель источников (c. 312-318) и общий указатель (c. 319-324)

Entre el opio del pueblo y la búsqueda de la salvación. Aproximaciones a la religiosidad vivida desde América Latina

En este número temático exploramos el concepto de religión vivida con la intención de construir categorías de estudio de lo religioso que reflejen la realidad latinoamericana; a pesar de la modernización, los estudios no observan secularización, sino transformación en las prácticas y en el rol social de la religión. La religiosidad vivida trata de comprender lo que hace la gente común cuando practica religión en su vida diaria. Cuando hablamos de religión vivida tomamos seriamente lo que los participantes entienden por religión: son los sujetos que la practican quienes definen qué es religión y qué función cumple esta en sus vidas. Los/as autores/as de este número entienden por religión vivida las prácticas que realiza la gente común en situaciones de la vida cotidiana para conectarse con poderes suprahumanos; estas incorporan corporalidad, materialidad y discurso, y son elegidas por los individuos de entre un repertorio cultural religioso. Los artículos de este número parten de investigaciones empíricas sobre animitas, procesiones, altares domésticos, espacios de comercialización de objetos religiosos, entrevistas y encuestas que recogen prácticas religiosas, y casos de cotidianeidad religiosa en México, Colombia, Chile y Perú. Desde allí, expanden, problematizan y discuten la aproximación de la religión vivida, con alternativas como religiosidad bisagra o espiritualidad vivida; muestran al mismo tiempo los límites de las teorías de la secularización y del mercado religioso para entender la dinámica religiosa latinoamericana.In this special issue, we explore the concept of lived religion in order to construct categories for the study of religion that reflect the Latin American reality, where, despite modernization, studies do not observe secularization, but rather a transformation in the practices and social role of religion. Lived religion deals with understanding what ordinary people do when they practice religion in their daily lives. When we speak of lived religion, we take a serious approach to what the participants understand religion to be: it is the people who practice it who define what religion is and what function it fulfills in their lives. The authors of this issue understand lived religion as the practices that ordinary people perform in everyday life situations to connect with superhuman powers. These incorporate corporeality, materiality, and discourse, and are chosen by individuals from a religious cultural repertoire. The articles in this issue are based on empirical research on animitas, processions, domestic altars, spaces of commercialization of religious objects, interviews and surveys that collect religious practices, and cases of religious everyday life in Mexico, Colombia, Chile and Peru. On this basis, they expand, problematize and discuss the approach of lived religion, with alternatives such as hinge religoisity or lived spirituality. At the same time, they show the limits of the theories of secularization and the religious market to explain Latin American religious dynamics.Neste número temático, exploramos o conceito de religiosidade vivida com a intenção de construir categorias de estudo do religioso que reflitam a realidade latino-americana; apesar da modernização, os estudos não observam secularização, mas sim transformação nas práticas e no papel social da religião. A religiosidade vivida trata de compreender o que faz as pessoas comuns quando praticam religião em sua vida diária. Quando falamos de religião vivida, tomamos seriamente o que os participantes entendem por religião: são os sujeitos que a praticam os que definem o que é religião e qual função ela cumpre em suas vidas. Os/as autores/as deste número entendem por religião vivida as práticas que as pessoas comuns realizam em situações da vida cotidiana para se conectarem com poderes sobre-humanos e que englobam corporalidade, materialidade e discurso, e são escolhidas pelos indivíduos dentre um repertório cultural religioso. Os artigos deste número partem de pesquisas empíricas sobre cenotáfios, procissões, altares domésticos, espaços de comercialização de objetos religiosos, entrevistas e pesquisas que reúnem práticas religiosas, casos de cotidianidade religiosa no México, na Colômbia, no Chile e no Peru. A partir disso, expandem, problematizam e discutem a abordagem da religião vivida, com alternativas como religiosidade dobradiça ou espiritualidade vivida; mostram ao mesmo tempo os limites das teorias da secularização e do mercado religioso para entender a dinâmica religiosa latino-americana

Individuals and institutions: a view from lived religiosity

El presente artículo recoge un avance de investigación internacional titulada Religión Vivida en América Latina, restringida para este trabajo solo al caso del Uruguay. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa que pone el énfasis en comprender cómo se vive la religiosidad en América Latina desde la perspectiva de las personas y no de las instituciones o líderes religiosos. Se realizaron 160 entrevistas a 80 personas focalizando, a los efectos de esta publicación, el trabajo en la tensión entre el individuo y las instituciones. Los vínculos, la autonomía de los individuos, los distanciamientos y la forma de ser interpretados por las personas, se expresan en función de cómo los viven los católicos, los evangélicos, los participantes de religiones afroamericanas, los creyentes sin afiliación y ateos.This article presents the advance of an international research project entitled Living Religion in Latin America, restricted to this work only in the case of Uruguay. It is a qualitative research that puts the emphasis on trying to understand how individuals live religiosity in Latin America from the perspective of the people and not of the institutions or religious leaders. For this purpose, we made one hundred and sixty interviews with 80 people. For the purposes of this publication, the work focuses on the tension between the individual and the institutions. The links, the autonomy of individuals, distances and the way of being interpreted by the people, are expressed in terms of how Catholics, evangelicals, participants in African-American religions, believers without affiliation and atheists live religiosity

18F-FDG Pet Parameters and Radiomics Features Analysis in Advanced Nsclc Treated with Immunotherapy as Predictors of Therapy Response and Survival

Objectives: (1.1) to evaluate the association between baseline 18F-FDG PET/CT semi-quantitative parameters of the primary lesion with progression free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and response to immunotherapy, in advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) patients eligible for immunotherapy; (1.2) to evaluate the application of radiomics analysis of the primary lesion to identify features predictive of response to immunotherapy; (1.3) to evaluate if tumor burden assessed by 18F-FDG PET/CT (N and M factors) is associated with PFS and OS. Materials and Methods: we retrospectively analyzed clinical records of advanced NCSLC patients (stage IIIb/c or stage IV) candidate to immunotherapy who performed 18F-FDG PET/CT before treatment to stage the disease. Fifty-seven (57) patients were included in the analysis (F:M 17:40; median age = 69 years old). Notably, 38/57 of patients had adenocarcinoma (AC), 10/57 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and 9/57 were not otherwise specified (NOS). Overall, 47.4% patients were stage IVA, 42.1% IVB and 8.8% IIIB. Immunotherapy was performed as front-line therapy in 42/57 patients and as second line therapy after chemotherapy platinum-based in 15/57. The median follow up after starting immunotherapy was 10 months (range: 1.5–68.6). Therapy response was assessed by RECIST 1.1 criteria (CT evaluation every 4 cycles of therapy) in 48/57 patients or when not feasible by clinical and laboratory data (fast disease progression or worsening of patient clinical condition in nine patients). Radiomics analysis was performed by applying regions of interest (ROIs) of the primary tumor delineated manually by two operators and semi-automatically applying a threshold at 40% of SUVmax. Results: (1.1) metabolic tumor volume (MTV) (p = 0.028) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) (p = 0.035) were significantly associated with progressive vs. non-progressive disease status. Patients with higher values of MTV and TLG had higher probability of disease progression, compared to those patients presenting with lower values. SUVmax did not show correlation with PD status, PFS and OS. MTV (p = 0.027) and TLG (p = 0.022) also resulted in being significantly different among PR, SD and PD groups, while SUVmax was confirmed to not be associated with response to therapy (p = 0.427). (1.2) We observed the association of several radiomics features with PD status. Namely, patients with high tumor volume, TLG and heterogeneity expressed by “skewness” and “kurtosis” had a higher probability of failing immunotherapy. (1.3) M status at 18F-FDG PET/CT was significantly associated with PFS (p = 0.002) and OS (p = 0.049). No significant associations were observed for N status. Conclusions: 18F-FDG PET/CT performed before the start of immunotherapy might be an important prognostic tool able to predict the disease progression and response to immunotherapy in patients with advanced NSCLC, since MTV, TLG and radiomics features (volume and heterogeneity) are associated with disease progression

P495: UNLOCKING THE POTENTIAL OF SYNTHETIC PATIENTS FOR ACCELERATING CLINICAL TRIALS: RESULTS OF THE FIRST GIMEMA EXPERIENCE

Background: Artificial intelligence is contributing to improve different medicine areas including clinical trial design. One field that holds a great potential is represented by the use of digital data as an alternative to real ones. The generation of a virtual cohort of patients might be advantageous since an artificial group of patients resembles the real dataset in all the key features but it does not include any identifiable real-patient data, tackling - by a privacy standpoint – the “burden” of collecting data subjects’ consent as well as the shortcomings of common anonymization techniques. Aims: To test the feasibility of this approach and evaluate its potential in clinical trial design, we built an in-silico cohort based on the large dataset of patients enrolled in the GIMEMA AML1310 study (Venditti et al. 2019), which entailed a “3 + 7”-like induction and a risk-adapted, MRD-directed post-remission transplant allocation. Methods: To create the synthetic cohort of patients, a machine learning generative model was constructed from the real individual-level data of the AML1310 study, capturing its patterns and statistical properties. AML1310 enrolled 500 patients (median age 49 years old) in 55 GIMEMA Institutions. All patients were NCCN2009 risk classified and analyzed by morphology, cytogenetics, molecular biology and multiparametric flow cytometry. The subset of 445 patients with ELN2017 risk classification available was used. To this purpose, the R package “synthpop” was used considering a parametric method: for binary data the logistic regression, for a factor with > 2 levels the polytomous logistic regression, for an ordered factor with > 2 levels the ordered polytomous logistic regression. For time to event variables the classification and regression trees method was used. Next, we verified the adherence of the virtual cohort to the original one in terms of age, gender, PS, WBC count, FLT3 and NPM1 mutations, risk category, CR achievement, MRD, transplant rate. Virtual and real cohorts were also compared in terms of survival outcomes. Results: By using the real-patient dataset from the AML1310 trial, a virtual cohort of 850 patients, named synthAML1310, was generated. By comparing the two cohorts, we observed that the clinico-biological characteristics and response evaluations (CR and MRD rates) did not differ significantly. Moreover, as depicted in Figure 1, the curves of OS and DFS were superimposable. Indeed, at 2 years, OS was 57% (52.5%-61.9%) in the original and 59.1% (55.9%-62.6%) in the synthAML1310 cohort. DFS was 55.1% (49.8%-60.9%) in the original and 55.1% (51.3%-59.2%) in the synthetic cohort. Summary/Conclusion: These results demonstrate the success of this approach in producing a virtual dataset that perfectly mimics the original and that, from a “privacy by design” perspective, minimizes the risk of re-identification of patients. Mirroring an AML population treated with a conventional chemotherapeutic approach, synthAML1310 is suitable to represent the control group when testing novel innovative treatments, most likely in an in-silico randomized trial, but also in other settings like propensity score matching analyses in observational studies. Shifting to an in-silico trial would overcome the challenges of randomized trials and it would be beneficial also for patients. since, they would receive only the experimental treatment without being exposed to the “less active“ therapy, thus limiting treatment failures and toxicity. Also, enrolment and the attainment of final results would be faster

Clinical relevance of an objective - limit of detection - limit of quantification - based flow cytometry approach for measurable residual disease assessment in acute myeloid leukemia. A post-hoc analysis of the GIMEMA AML1310 trial

Using a multiparametric flow cytometry (MFC) assay, we assessed the predictive power of a threshold calculated applying the criteria of limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) in adult patients affected with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). This was a post-hoc analysis of 261 patients enrolled in the GIMEMA AML1310 prospective trial. According to the protocol design, using the predefined MRD threshold of 0.035% bone marrow residual leukemic cell (RLC) calculated on mononuclear cells, 154 (59%) were negative (MRD<0.035%) and 107 (41%) were positive (MRD≥0.035%). Using LOD and LOQ, we selected the following categories of patients: 1) LODneg if RLC were below LOD (74; 28.4%); 2) LODpos-LOQneg if RLC were between LOD and LOQ (43; 16.5%); and 3) LOQpos if RLC were above LOQ (144; 54.4%). Two-year overall survival (OS) of these 3 categories was 75.4% vs. 79.8% vs. 66.4%, respectively (p=0.1197). Due to superimposable outcome, LODneg and LODpos-LOQneg categories were combined. Two-year OS of LODneg/LODpos- LOQneg patients was 77.0% versus 66.4% of LOQpos individuals (P=0.043). Such a figure was challenged in multivariate analysis (p=0.048, HR 0.628, 95% CI 0.396-0.997) that confirmed the independent role of LOD-LOQ approach in influencing OS. In the AML1310 protocol, using the threshold of 0.035%, 2-year OS of MRD<0.035% and MRD≥0.035% patients was 74.5% vs. 66.4%, respectively (p=0.3521). In conclusion, the use of LOD-LOQ method results in a more sensitive detection of MRD that, in turn, translates in a more accurate recognition of patients with different outcome

Derecho y Control 2

This book brings together the work produced within the research group "Law and Control: Specific Problems". These texts are the result of research activities carried out from 2016 to date, carried out within the ambit of the "Centro de Investigaciones Jurídicas y Sociales-UE CONICET" of Córdoba, Argentina. During this period, the group had the support of Secyt-UNC (2016 and 2017, Project "A" 30720150101173CB). The book reunites together eight papers on various specific topics related to law and social control. The first text deals with the use of stereotypes in judicial decisions, the second with the problem of judicial discretion in the determination of sentences in criminal sentences, the third with critical reflections on life imprisonment, the fourth with the right to organize the police, the fifth and sixth with questions related to feminism and gender in law, the seventh with models of mental health and their interference in the criminal process, and the last with control of urban space and land seizures

Prevalence and Prognostic Role of IDH Mutations in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Results of the GIMEMA AML1516 Protocol

IDH1/2 mutations are common in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and represent a therapeutic target. The GIMEMA AML1516 observational protocol was designed to study the prevalence of IDH1/2 mutations and associations with clinico-biological parameters in a cohort of Italian AML patients. We analyzed a cohort of 284 AML consecutive patients at diagnosis, 139 females and 145 males, of a median age of 65 years (range: 19–86). Of these, 38 (14%) harbored IDH1 and 51 (18%) IDH2 mutations. IDH1/2 mutations were significantly associated with WHO PS >2 (p < 0.001) and non-complex karyotype (p = 0.021) when compared to IDH1/2-WT. Furthermore, patients with IDH1 mutations were more frequently NPM1-mutated (p = 0.007) and had a higher platelet count (p = 0.036). At relapse, IDH1/2 mutations were detected in 6 (25%) patients. As per the outcome, 60.5% of IDH1/2-mutated patients achieved complete remission; overall survival and event-free survival at 2 years were 44.5% and 36.1%, respectively: these rates were similar to IDH1/2-WT. In IDH1/2-mutated patients, high WBC proved to be an independent prognostic factor for survival. In conclusion, the GIMEMA AML1516 confirms that IDH1/2 mutations are frequently detected at diagnosis and underlines the importance of recognizing IDH1/2-mutated cases up-front to offer the most appropriate therapeutic strategy, given the availability of IDH1/2 inhibitors

Effect of internal port on dose distribution in post-mastectomy radiotherapy for breast cancer patients after expander breast reconstruction

Background: In patients with expander-based reconstruction a few dosimetric analyses detected radiation therapy dose perturbation due to the internal port of an expander, potentially leading to toxicity or loss of local control. This study aimed at adding data on this field. Materials and methods: A dosimetric analysis was conducted in 30 chest wall treatment planning without and with correction for port artifact. In plans with artifact correction density was overwritten as 1 g/cm3. Medium, minimum and maximum chest wall doses were compared in the two plans. Both plans, with and without correction, were compared on an anthropomorphic phantom with a tissue expander on the chest covered by a bolus simulating the skin. Ex vivo dosimetry was carried out on the phantom and in vivo dosimetry in three patients by using film strips during one treatment fraction. Estimated doses and measured film doses were compared. Results: No significant differences emerged in the minimum, medium and maximum doses in the two plans, without and with correction for port artifacts. Ex vivo and in vivo analyses showed a good correspondence between detected and calculated doses without and with correction. Conclusions: The port did not significantly affect dose distribution in patients who will receive post-mastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT)