15 research outputs found
A rare case of hepatic subcapsular hematoma presenting with severe anemia in a 20-hour old term newborn: case report
Hepatic subcapsular hematoma is an extremely rare clinical condition in the neonatal period. Being a life-threatening emergency, it requires prompt diagnosis and management. In a newborn presented with severe anemia, hypovolemic shock, and abdominal distention with hemoperitoneum without any identifiable risk factors hepatic subcapsular hematoma should be considered. Newborns may develop catastrophic acute and long-term complications if the diagnosis is not made timely. Obstetricians, pediatricians, neonatologists and pediatric surgeons should have a high of the index of suspicion of hepatic subcapsular hematoma in newborns to avoid delay in the diagnosis and to reduce neonatal morbidity and mortality.
Here, we report a 20 hourâs old male term newborn diagnosed with Hepatic Subcapsular Hematoma after he presented with progressive abdominal distension and severe anemia. Abdominal ultra-sound showed a well-defined round heterogenic echogenic liver mass and massive intra-peritoneal fluid collection. The newborn was managed in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit with Fresh Frozen Plasma transfusion, Whole blood transfusion and vitamin K administration, and discharged im-proved after a week. A high index of clinical suspicion is necessary to avoid delayed diagnosis and life-threatening complications among health professionals in the neonatal intensive care unit
Genotypic stability and clustering analysis of confectionery groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) for seed and protein yield in moisture-stress areas of northeastern Ethiopia
Nine groundnut genotypes were evaluated in terminal moisture-stress areas of northeastern Ethiopia during 2005 and 2006 cropping seasons with the objective of analyzing genotypic stability and clustering of confectionery groundnut for seed and protein yield. The genotypes were evaluated on a plot size of 15 m2 at Kobo, Mersa and Chefa testing sites of Sirinka Agricultural Research Center. The experiment was laid-out using randomized complete block design with three replications. Simple correlation analysis for seed and protein yield with other yield components were carried out using Genstat software package. Genotypic stability and clustering for seed and protein yield were computed using Additive Main effect and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) model. Correlation analysis depicted that seed yield exhibited positive association with number of matured pods plant-1 (r= 0.70**), shelling percentage (r=0.46**) and hundred seed weight (r=0.25*). Similarly, protein yield exhibited strong positive association with seed yield (r=0.97**), number of matured pods plant-1 (r= 0.70**) and shelling percentage (r=0.43**). Therefore, shelling percentage, number of matured pods plant-1 and hundred seed weight could be used as indirect selection criteria for simultaneous improvement of seed and protein yield in confectionery groundnut in terminal moisture-stress environments. Clustering analysis showed that genotypes were grouped into three distinctive clusters with the highest inter-cluster distance between cluster-I and-II (D2=173). Genotypic stability analysis revealed ICGV-88361 was stable for seed and protein yield across environments.Keywords/phrases: AMMI, Clustering, Groundnut, Protein, StabilityEthiop. J. Biol. Sci., 9(1): 49-65, 201
Analysis of genetic divergence in Durum wheat (Triticum Durum Desf.) and selection of elite parents for hybridization
A field experiment was conducted at Geregera and Kone testing sites of Sirinka Agricultural Research Center, northeastern Ethiopia. The objective of the experiment was to estimate the genetic divergence among durum wheat germplasm of diverse origin and clustering them into homogenous groups for further hybridization program. Genetic divergence analysis was computed based on multivariate analysis using Mahalanobis's D2 statistics. Based on D2 values, 64 durum wheat genotypes were grouped into ten clusters. The highest inter-cluster distance was exhibited between cluster-II and cluster-III (D2=57.15). Analysis within the indigenous durum wheat germplasm indicated that there was no correspondence between geographic and genetic distances. That is, germplasm collected from the same geographic area were placed into different cluster groups indicating their differences. Thus, to get more genetic variability, further collection mission should be targeted in major durum wheat growing regions of Ethiopia. On the other hand, indigenous and exotic germplasm were grouped into different clusters except in cluster-VI and cluster-X. Cluster-VI consisted of seven indigenous and one exotic germplasm. Cluster-X on the contrary, consisted of seven exotic and one indigenous germplasm, implying the presence of parallelism between genetic and geographic distances. Thus, there is an opportunity to improve grain yield through hybridization of genotypes from genetically divergent clusters and subsequent selection from the segregating generations. Crossing of parents involving cluster-IX (indigenous) with cluster-III (exotic) would complement each other and could result in high genetic variability and superior segregates having good combinations of characters from both parents.Keywords/phrases: Clustering, Genetic divergence, Genetic variabilityEthiop. J. Biol. Sci., 7(2): 111-121, 200
Selection Criterion for Improved Grain Yields in Ethiopian Durum Wheat Genotypes
Wheat ( Triticum durum Desf.) is the most important cereal crop grown
in the intermediate and highland areas of northeastern Ethiopia. Durum
wheat dominates in these areas where water logging is the major
production constraint. Because of the predominant problem of water
logging coupled with other various biotic and abiotic production
hobbling factors, the average productivity of wheat in the northeastern
region never exceeds 8.4 ha-1, which is below the national average of
14.4 ha-1 (ECSA, 2002). Screening of wide durum wheat germplasm has
been undertaken to improve durum wheat grain yield. But, selection
based on the performance of grain yield alone, a polygenically
controlled complex character, is usually not very efficient. An
experiment was conducted at Geregera testing site of Sirinka
Agricultural Research Centre, during the 2003-cropping season with the
objective of estimating the associations between yield and
yield-related traits and to identify direct and indirect effects of
characters for durum wheat grain yield improvement. The experimental
material consisted of 44 indigenous durum wheat genotypes, which are
randomly taken from the indigenous germplasm collections. Mean sum of
squares for all the characters considered showed highly significant
differences (P<0.01) indicating the presence of adequate
variability. Grain yield had strong positive correlations (P<0.01)
with plant height, number of kernels spike-1, grain yield plant-1,
biological yield and thousand-kernel weight. On the contrary, grain
yield had strong negative correlation (p<0.01) with days to heading
suggesting that the usefulness of selecting early heading genotypes
with long grain filling period in improving grain yield. The results of
genotypic correlation indicate that maximum positive direct effect on
grain yield was exerted by biological yield (1.08) followed by days to
maturity (0.91) and harvest index (0.69). While, maximum negative
direct effects were exerted by days to heading (-0.72) and grain
filling period (-0.52). Therefore, days to heading, biological yield
and harvest index could be used as an indirect selection criterion for
better grain yield. Thus, selecting early heading genotypes having high
biological yield and harvest index could improve grain yield.Le blé ( Triticum durum Desf) est l'une des cultures
céréaliÚres les plus importantes plantées dans les
régions montagneuses et intermédiaires du Nord- Est de
l'Ethiopie et oĂč le blĂ© durum domine, quelque part dans les
surfaces couvertes d'eau qui constituent la contrainte majeure Ă
la production. A cause des facteurs de production biotiques et
abiotiques emboßtant le lieu, la moyenne de la productivité
du blé n'a jamais dépassé 8.4 qt ha-1 se trouvant en
dessous de la moyenne nationale de 14.4 qt ha-1 (ECSA, 2002). Le
dépistage d'un large germoplaste du blé durum avait
été pratiqué pour améliorer la culture du blé
durum. Mais, une sélection basée sur la performance de la
production de la graine seule, un caractĂšre complexe
polygénicalement contrÎlé n'est généralement
trĂšs efficace. Une expĂ©rience Ă©tait montĂ©e Ă
la site de Geregera du Centre de Recherche Agronomique de Sirinka
durant la saison de la récolte de 2003 ayant pour objectif
l'estimation des associations entre la production et les traits de
production y relatifs et l'identification directe et indirecte des
effets des caractÚres pour l'amélioration de la production du
grain de blé durum. Le matériel expérimental comprenait
44 gĂ©notypes du blĂ© durum indigĂšne pris au hasard Ă
partir des collections de germoplasmes indigĂšnes. La somme moyenne
des carrés pour tous les caractÚres considérés
avait montré des différences significatives élevées
(P<0.01), la présence d'une variabilité adéquate. La
production de la graine avait des fortes corrélations positives
(p<0.01) en hauteur et en nombre de noyaux spike -1, la plante-1 de
la production de la graine, la production biologique, et des milliers
de hauteur des noyaux. Au contraire, la production de la graine avait
une forte corrélation négative (<0.01) avec les jours
d'avance suggérant l'utilité de sélectionner en avance
des génotypes précoces des graines substantielles pour une
grande période à l'amélioration de la production de la
graine. Les résultats de la corrélation génotypique
indiquent que l'effet du maximum positif direct sur la production de la
graine était exercée par une production biologique (1.08)
suivie des jours à la maturité (0.91) et l'indexe de la
récolte (0.69). Un moment, les effets directs du maximum
négatif étaient exercés par les jours
précédents (-0.72) et la période substantielle (-0.52).
Donc, les jours d'avance, la production biologique et l'indexe de
rĂ©colte pouvaient ĂȘtre utilisĂ©s comme un critĂšre de
sélection indirecte pour la meilleure production de la graine.
Sélectionner en avance les génotypes précoces ayant une
production biologique élevée et un indexe de récolte
pouvait améliorer la production de la graine
Genetic Divergence in Selected Durum Wheat Genotypes of Ethiopian Plasm
Wheat of both the tetraploid ( Triticum durum Desf.) and hexaploid (
Triticum aestivum L.), is the most important cereal crop in Ethiopia,
ranking third in total production (17%) next to maize ( Zea mays L.)
and tef (CSA, 2002). Wheat covers a total arable land of 110,434 ha
with average productivity of about 8.4 qt haha-1, which is below the
national average (14.4 qt haha-1). A field experiment was conducted at
the Sirinka Agricultural Research Centre, northeastern Ethiopia, to
estimate the genetic divergence among indigenous durum wheat (Triticum
durum Desf.) genotypes of diverse origin, and clustering them into
homogenous groups for the hybridisation programme. Genetic divergence
analysis was done based on multivariate analysis using Mahalanobis's D2
statistic, which grouped the durum wheat genotypes into ten clusters.
The highest inter-cluster distance was between clusterll and
cluster-lll (D2 = 57.15). There was no correspondence between
geographic and genetic distances, i.e., germplasms, collected from the
same geographic area were placed into different cluster groups and
those collected from different geographic regions were placed into the
same cluster. The presence of significant genetic variability among the
evaluated durum wheat genotypes suggests an opportunity for improvement
of grain yield through hybridisation of genotypes from different
clusters and subsequent selection from the segregating generations.Le Blé, à la fois du type tetra- ( Triticum durum Desf.) et
hexaploĂŻde ( Triticum aestivum L.) constitue la culture
céréaliÚre la plus importante en Ethiopie; classée
3e par sa production totale (17%) aprĂšs le maĂŻs ( Zea mays
L.) et le tef (CSA, 2002). Le blé couvre une totalité de
terres arable de 110.434 ha avec une productivité d'environ 8, 4
qt haha-1, qui se trouve en-dessous de la moyenne nationale (14, 4 qt
haha-1). Une expérience de terrain a été menée au
Centre de Recherche Agricole de Sirinka dans le nord-est Ă©thiopien
en vue de pouvoir estimer les divergences génétiques au sein
de génotypes de diverses origines, blé durum indigÚne
(Tricicum durum Desf.) et en vue de pouvoir les conglomérer
ensemble en groups homogĂšnes pour le programme d'hybridation.
L'analyse de la divergence génétique était faite en se
basant sur l'analyse multi variable, utilisant les statistiques D2 de
Mahalanobis, qui a groupé les génotypes de blé durum en
10 groupes. La plus grande distance inter-groupe était notée
entre le conglomérat II et III (D2=57,15). Il n'y avait pas de
correspondance entre distance géographiques et distance
génétiques c1-à -d, que les germoplasmes
collectionnĂ©s Ă partir de mĂȘmes zones gĂ©ographiques
étaient placés dans différents groupes et ceux
collectés à partir de régions géographiques
diffĂ©rents Ă©taient placĂ©s dans le mĂȘme
conglomérat. La présence d'une variabilité
génétique significative au sein des génotypes de
blé durum évalués suggÚre une opportunité pour
l'amélioration du rendement de grain, à travers l'hybridation
de génotypes des différents conglomérats et
sélection subséquente à partir de générations
à ségrégation
Analysis of grain yield stability and quality traits of malt barley genotypes under terminal moisture-stressed environments of North Wollo
Fifteen malt barley genotypes, along with the standard check (Miscal 21), were evaluated at Geregera, Kon and Estayish testing sites of Sirinka Agricultural Research Centre during 2013 and 2014 cropping seasons, with the objectives of evaluating the performance of malt barley genotypes for grain yield, yield stability and grain quality traits. The experiment was carried out using Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD), replicated three times. Data were recorded and subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) using Genstat 18th software package. Analysis of Genotype by Environment Interaction (GEI) was carried out using Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) model. ANOVA depicted significant variations among malt barley genotypes for all the traits considered. AMMI1 and AMMI2 analyses plainly assigned genotypes and environments in biplots graphs. G6 (Libra T95/Diamalt) and G11 (E.Acacia/ Defra//Atah92/Gob) were plotted at the far right hand side of the AMMI1 biplot graph, indicating their best performance in grain yield over the rest of the tested malt barley genotypes. G6 was plotted with Geregera 2014 and Kon 2014 environments while G11 was plotted with Estayish 2014 in AMMI2 biplot graph, showing their specific adaptability to the environments where they were plotted with. However, G11 was found susceptible to scald and was excluded from further evaluation. On the other hand, G6 was advanced to variety verification trial and evaluated for agronomic and quality traits at North and South Wollo major barley growing areas in 2017 and 2018 cropping seasons. G6 yielded above average grain yield and fulfilled the minimum TKW, HLW, PC and EC quality standards, and was relatively tolerant to Scald and Net Bloch diseases. Therefore, G6 (Libra T95/Diamalt) was found superior to the rest of the tested malt barley genotypes for both agronomic and malt quality traits under terminal moisture-stressed barley growing areas of North Wollo and similar environments, and officially released by the National Variety Releasing Committee (NVRC) for commercial production in 2019 cropping season with a local name "Waro".
Key words/phrases: AMMI, GEI, Grain quality, Malt barle
Characterization of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms) biomass in Lake Tana, Ethiopia
This study aimed at assessing the characteristics of water hyacinth biomass in Lake Tana. Explanatory research design was used based on biomass samples and satellite images acquired along with field observation and literature reviews. The results showed that high amount of N and P nutrients, shallow nature of the Lake and suitable climatic conditions of the area are the causes for the weedsâ proliferation. The mean NDVI values were â0.542 to 0.828 and â0.628 to 0.877 in the dry and wet seasons, respectively. The spatial distribution of the weed was 2126.9 ha and 592.4 ha during the wet and dry seasons. The weed has recorded a mean leaf length of 9.3âcm, petiole length of 28.1âcm, root shoot ratio of 3.3, leaf blade area of 55.6 cm2 and leaf area index of 11343.9 cm2. In addition, a mean of 10.9 leaves per plant and 18.6 plants per 0.25m2 was found. Furthermore, the biomass analysis revealed 1,990,787.8 tons of wet and 554,523.8 tons of dry water hyacinth biomass can be harvested from the Lake per year. Stakeholders shall work on control of water hyacinth biomass as a short-term measure and reduction of nutrient inflow into the Lake as a long-term measure
Water Hyacinth Samples in Lake Tana_ Final
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This data was used to analyze the morphometric and biomass characteristics of water hyacinth on Lake Tana, Ethiopia. </p