A rare case of hepatic subcapsular hematoma presenting with severe anemia in a 20-hour old term newborn: case report

Hepatic subcapsular hematoma is an extremely rare clinical condition in the neonatal period. Being a life-threatening emergency, it requires prompt diagnosis and management. In a newborn presented with severe anemia, hypovolemic shock, and abdominal distention with hemoperitoneum without any identifiable risk factors hepatic subcapsular hematoma should be considered. Newborns may develop catastrophic acute and long-term complications if the diagnosis is not made timely. Obstetricians, pediatricians, neonatologists and pediatric surgeons should have a high of the index of suspicion of hepatic subcapsular hematoma in newborns to avoid delay in the diagnosis and to reduce neonatal morbidity and mortality. Here, we report a 20 hour’s old male term newborn diagnosed with Hepatic Subcapsular Hematoma after he presented with progressive abdominal distension and severe anemia. Abdominal ultra-sound showed a well-defined round heterogenic echogenic liver mass and massive intra-peritoneal fluid collection. The newborn was managed in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit with Fresh Frozen Plasma transfusion, Whole blood transfusion and vitamin K administration, and discharged im-proved after a week. A high index of clinical suspicion is necessary to avoid delayed diagnosis and life-threatening complications among health professionals in the neonatal intensive care unit

Genotypic stability and clustering analysis of confectionery groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) for seed and protein yield in moisture-stress areas of northeastern Ethiopia

Nine groundnut genotypes were evaluated in terminal moisture-stress areas of northeastern Ethiopia during 2005 and 2006 cropping seasons with the objective of analyzing genotypic stability and clustering of confectionery groundnut for seed and protein yield. The genotypes were evaluated on a plot size of 15 m2 at Kobo, Mersa and Chefa testing sites of Sirinka Agricultural Research Center. The experiment was laid-out using randomized complete block design with three replications. Simple correlation analysis for seed and protein yield with other yield components were carried out using Genstat software package. Genotypic stability and clustering for seed and protein yield were computed using Additive Main effect and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) model. Correlation analysis depicted that seed yield exhibited positive association with number of matured pods plant-1 (r= 0.70**), shelling percentage (r=0.46**) and hundred seed weight (r=0.25*). Similarly, protein yield exhibited strong positive association with seed yield (r=0.97**), number of matured pods plant-1 (r= 0.70**) and shelling percentage (r=0.43**). Therefore, shelling percentage, number of matured pods plant-1 and hundred seed weight could be used as indirect selection criteria for simultaneous improvement of seed and protein yield in confectionery groundnut in terminal moisture-stress environments. Clustering analysis showed that genotypes were grouped into three distinctive clusters with the highest inter-cluster distance between cluster-I and-II (D2=173). Genotypic stability analysis revealed ICGV-88361 was stable for seed and protein yield across environments.Keywords/phrases: AMMI, Clustering, Groundnut, Protein, StabilityEthiop. J. Biol. Sci., 9(1): 49-65, 201

Analysis of genetic divergence in Durum wheat (Triticum Durum Desf.) and selection of elite parents for hybridization

A field experiment was conducted at Geregera and Kone testing sites of Sirinka Agricultural Research Center, northeastern Ethiopia. The objective of the experiment was to estimate the genetic divergence among durum wheat germplasm of diverse origin and clustering them into homogenous groups for further hybridization program. Genetic divergence analysis was computed based on multivariate analysis using Mahalanobis's D2 statistics. Based on D2 values, 64 durum wheat genotypes were grouped into ten clusters. The highest inter-cluster distance was exhibited between cluster-II and cluster-III (D2=57.15). Analysis within the indigenous durum wheat germplasm indicated that there was no correspondence between geographic and genetic distances. That is, germplasm collected from the same geographic area were placed into different cluster groups indicating their differences. Thus, to get more genetic variability, further collection mission should be targeted in major durum wheat growing regions of Ethiopia. On the other hand, indigenous and exotic germplasm were grouped into different clusters except in cluster-VI and cluster-X. Cluster-VI consisted of seven indigenous and one exotic germplasm. Cluster-X on the contrary, consisted of seven exotic and one indigenous germplasm, implying the presence of parallelism between genetic and geographic distances. Thus, there is an opportunity to improve grain yield through hybridization of genotypes from genetically divergent clusters and subsequent selection from the segregating generations. Crossing of parents involving cluster-IX (indigenous) with cluster-III (exotic) would complement each other and could result in high genetic variability and superior segregates having good combinations of characters from both parents.Keywords/phrases: Clustering, Genetic divergence, Genetic variabilityEthiop. J. Biol. Sci., 7(2): 111-121, 200

Selection Criterion for Improved Grain Yields in Ethiopian Durum Wheat Genotypes

Wheat ( Triticum durum Desf.) is the most important cereal crop grown in the intermediate and highland areas of northeastern Ethiopia. Durum wheat dominates in these areas where water logging is the major production constraint. Because of the predominant problem of water logging coupled with other various biotic and abiotic production hobbling factors, the average productivity of wheat in the northeastern region never exceeds 8.4 ha-1, which is below the national average of 14.4 ha-1 (ECSA, 2002). Screening of wide durum wheat germplasm has been undertaken to improve durum wheat grain yield. But, selection based on the performance of grain yield alone, a polygenically controlled complex character, is usually not very efficient. An experiment was conducted at Geregera testing site of Sirinka Agricultural Research Centre, during the 2003-cropping season with the objective of estimating the associations between yield and yield-related traits and to identify direct and indirect effects of characters for durum wheat grain yield improvement. The experimental material consisted of 44 indigenous durum wheat genotypes, which are randomly taken from the indigenous germplasm collections. Mean sum of squares for all the characters considered showed highly significant differences (P<0.01) indicating the presence of adequate variability. Grain yield had strong positive correlations (P<0.01) with plant height, number of kernels spike-1, grain yield plant-1, biological yield and thousand-kernel weight. On the contrary, grain yield had strong negative correlation (p<0.01) with days to heading suggesting that the usefulness of selecting early heading genotypes with long grain filling period in improving grain yield. The results of genotypic correlation indicate that maximum positive direct effect on grain yield was exerted by biological yield (1.08) followed by days to maturity (0.91) and harvest index (0.69). While, maximum negative direct effects were exerted by days to heading (-0.72) and grain filling period (-0.52). Therefore, days to heading, biological yield and harvest index could be used as an indirect selection criterion for better grain yield. Thus, selecting early heading genotypes having high biological yield and harvest index could improve grain yield.Le blé ( Triticum durum Desf) est l&apos;une des cultures céréalières les plus importantes plantées dans les régions montagneuses et intermédiaires du Nord- Est de l&apos;Ethiopie et où le blé durum domine, quelque part dans les surfaces couvertes d&apos;eau qui constituent la contrainte majeure à la production. A cause des facteurs de production biotiques et abiotiques emboîtant le lieu, la moyenne de la productivité du blé n&apos;a jamais dépassé 8.4 qt ha-1 se trouvant en dessous de la moyenne nationale de 14.4 qt ha-1 (ECSA, 2002). Le dépistage d&apos;un large germoplaste du blé durum avait été pratiqué pour améliorer la culture du blé durum. Mais, une sélection basée sur la performance de la production de la graine seule, un caractère complexe polygénicalement contrôlé n&apos;est généralement très efficace. Une expérience était montée à la site de Geregera du Centre de Recherche Agronomique de Sirinka durant la saison de la récolte de 2003 ayant pour objectif l&apos;estimation des associations entre la production et les traits de production y relatifs et l&apos;identification directe et indirecte des effets des caractères pour l&apos;amélioration de la production du grain de blé durum. Le matériel expérimental comprenait 44 génotypes du blé durum indigène pris au hasard à partir des collections de germoplasmes indigènes. La somme moyenne des carrés pour tous les caractères considérés avait montré des différences significatives élevées (P<0.01), la présence d&apos;une variabilité adéquate. La production de la graine avait des fortes corrélations positives (p<0.01) en hauteur et en nombre de noyaux spike -1, la plante-1 de la production de la graine, la production biologique, et des milliers de hauteur des noyaux. Au contraire, la production de la graine avait une forte corrélation négative (<0.01) avec les jours d&apos;avance suggérant l&apos;utilité de sélectionner en avance des génotypes précoces des graines substantielles pour une grande période à l&apos;amélioration de la production de la graine. Les résultats de la corrélation génotypique indiquent que l&apos;effet du maximum positif direct sur la production de la graine était exercée par une production biologique (1.08) suivie des jours à la maturité (0.91) et l&apos;indexe de la récolte (0.69). Un moment, les effets directs du maximum négatif étaient exercés par les jours précédents (-0.72) et la période substantielle (-0.52). Donc, les jours d&apos;avance, la production biologique et l&apos;indexe de récolte pouvaient être utilisés comme un critère de sélection indirecte pour la meilleure production de la graine. Sélectionner en avance les génotypes précoces ayant une production biologique élevée et un indexe de récolte pouvait améliorer la production de la graine

Genetic Divergence in Selected Durum Wheat Genotypes of Ethiopian Plasm

Wheat of both the tetraploid ( Triticum durum Desf.) and hexaploid ( Triticum aestivum L.), is the most important cereal crop in Ethiopia, ranking third in total production (17%) next to maize ( Zea mays L.) and tef (CSA, 2002). Wheat covers a total arable land of 110,434 ha with average productivity of about 8.4 qt haha-1, which is below the national average (14.4 qt haha-1). A field experiment was conducted at the Sirinka Agricultural Research Centre, northeastern Ethiopia, to estimate the genetic divergence among indigenous durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) genotypes of diverse origin, and clustering them into homogenous groups for the hybridisation programme. Genetic divergence analysis was done based on multivariate analysis using Mahalanobis&apos;s D2 statistic, which grouped the durum wheat genotypes into ten clusters. The highest inter-cluster distance was between clusterll and cluster-lll (D2 = 57.15). There was no correspondence between geographic and genetic distances, i.e., germplasms, collected from the same geographic area were placed into different cluster groups and those collected from different geographic regions were placed into the same cluster. The presence of significant genetic variability among the evaluated durum wheat genotypes suggests an opportunity for improvement of grain yield through hybridisation of genotypes from different clusters and subsequent selection from the segregating generations.Le Blé, à la fois du type tetra- ( Triticum durum Desf.) et hexaploïde ( Triticum aestivum L.) constitue la culture céréalière la plus importante en Ethiopie; classée 3e par sa production totale (17%) après le maïs ( Zea mays L.) et le tef (CSA, 2002). Le blé couvre une totalité de terres arable de 110.434 ha avec une productivité d&apos;environ 8, 4 qt haha-1, qui se trouve en-dessous de la moyenne nationale (14, 4 qt haha-1). Une expérience de terrain a été menée au Centre de Recherche Agricole de Sirinka dans le nord-est éthiopien en vue de pouvoir estimer les divergences génétiques au sein de génotypes de diverses origines, blé durum indigène (Tricicum durum Desf.) et en vue de pouvoir les conglomérer ensemble en groups homogènes pour le programme d&apos;hybridation. L&apos;analyse de la divergence génétique était faite en se basant sur l&apos;analyse multi variable, utilisant les statistiques D2 de Mahalanobis, qui a groupé les génotypes de blé durum en 10 groupes. La plus grande distance inter-groupe était notée entre le conglomérat II et III (D2=57,15). Il n&apos;y avait pas de correspondance entre distance géographiques et distance génétiques c1-à-d, que les germoplasmes collectionnés à partir de mêmes zones géographiques étaient placés dans différents groupes et ceux collectés à partir de régions géographiques différents étaient placés dans le même conglomérat. La présence d&apos;une variabilité génétique significative au sein des génotypes de blé durum évalués suggère une opportunité pour l&apos;amélioration du rendement de grain, à travers l&apos;hybridation de génotypes des différents conglomérats et sélection subséquente à partir de générations à ségrégation

Analysis of grain yield stability and quality traits of malt barley genotypes under terminal moisture-stressed environments of North Wollo

Fifteen malt barley genotypes, along with the standard check (Miscal 21), were evaluated at Geregera, Kon and Estayish testing sites of Sirinka Agricultural Research Centre during 2013 and 2014 cropping seasons, with the objectives of evaluating the performance of malt barley genotypes for grain yield, yield stability and grain quality traits. The experiment was carried out using Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD), replicated three times. Data were recorded and subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) using Genstat 18th software package. Analysis of Genotype by Environment Interaction (GEI) was carried out using Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) model. ANOVA depicted significant variations among malt barley genotypes for all the traits considered. AMMI1 and AMMI2 analyses plainly assigned genotypes and environments in biplots graphs. G6 (Libra T95/Diamalt) and G11 (E.Acacia/ Defra//Atah92/Gob) were plotted at the far right hand side of the AMMI1 biplot graph, indicating their best performance in grain yield over the rest of the tested malt barley genotypes. G6 was plotted with Geregera 2014 and Kon 2014 environments while G11 was plotted with Estayish 2014 in AMMI2 biplot graph, showing their specific adaptability to the environments where they were plotted with. However, G11 was found susceptible to scald and was excluded from further evaluation. On the other hand, G6 was advanced to variety verification trial and evaluated for agronomic and quality traits at North and South Wollo major barley growing areas in 2017 and 2018 cropping seasons. G6 yielded above average grain yield and fulfilled the minimum TKW, HLW, PC and EC quality standards, and was relatively tolerant to Scald and Net Bloch diseases. Therefore, G6 (Libra T95/Diamalt) was found superior to the rest of the tested malt barley genotypes for both agronomic and malt quality traits under terminal moisture-stressed barley growing areas of North Wollo and similar environments, and officially released by the National Variety Releasing Committee (NVRC) for commercial production in 2019 cropping season with a local name "Waro". Key words/phrases: AMMI, GEI, Grain quality, Malt barle

Characterization of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms) biomass in Lake Tana, Ethiopia

This study aimed at assessing the characteristics of water hyacinth biomass in Lake Tana. Explanatory research design was used based on biomass samples and satellite images acquired along with field observation and literature reviews. The results showed that high amount of N and P nutrients, shallow nature of the Lake and suitable climatic conditions of the area are the causes for the weeds’ proliferation. The mean NDVI values were −0.542 to 0.828 and −0.628 to 0.877 in the dry and wet seasons, respectively. The spatial distribution of the weed was 2126.9 ha and 592.4 ha during the wet and dry seasons. The weed has recorded a mean leaf length of 9.3 cm, petiole length of 28.1 cm, root shoot ratio of 3.3, leaf blade area of 55.6 cm2 and leaf area index of 11343.9 cm2. In addition, a mean of 10.9 leaves per plant and 18.6 plants per 0.25m2 was found. Furthermore, the biomass analysis revealed 1,990,787.8 tons of wet and 554,523.8 tons of dry water hyacinth biomass can be harvested from the Lake per year. Stakeholders shall work on control of water hyacinth biomass as a short-term measure and reduction of nutrient inflow into the Lake as a long-term measure

Water Hyacinth Samples in Lake Tana_ Final

   This data was used to analyze the morphometric and biomass characteristics of water hyacinth on Lake Tana, Ethiopia. </p