α-GLUCOSIDASE AND α-AMYLASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF INDIGOFERA CORDIFOLIA SEEDS AND LEAVES EXTRACT

Objective: The present study was done to find out the anti-diabetic effect of Indigofera cordifolia seeds and leaves extract on intestinal α–glucosidase, α-amylase enzymes In-vitro. Methods: In-vitro α–glucosidase and α-amylase assays were performed in order to evaluate anti- diabetic potential of Indigofera cordifolia seeds and leaves extract. The dose depended inhibitory effect of aqueous and methanol extract of seeds and leaves was compared with standard acarbose. Results: α-Amylase inhibitory activity of aqueous extract of seeds and leaves was found to be 65.12% and 55.02% while methanol extract showed 85.59% and 83.40 % inhibition at 4 mg/ml, respectively. In α–glucosidase inhibitory assay the methanol extract of seeds and leaves show more maltase inhibition (IC50 = 2.57±0.29 and 3.47±0.87 mg/mL, respectively) than sucrase (IC = 50 2.73±0.11 and 3.71± 0.46 mg/mL, respectively), at the same time aqueous extract of seeds and leaves showed more maltase inhibition (IC50 = 3.30±0.94 and 5.97± 0.22 mg/mL, respectively) than sucrase inhibition (IC50 = 4.30±0.16 and 6.56±0.62 mg/mL, respectively). Acarbose (standard) showed more maltase inhibition (IC50 = 9.86±0.12 μg/mL) than sucrase (IC50= 46.46±1.5 μg/mL) and had 93.40% α-amylase inhibition at 50 μg/ml. Conclusion: Both the methanol and aqueous extract of I. cordifolia seeds and leaves showed strong inhibition against animal α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme

Feto-maternal outcome of second stage cesarean section in B. P. Koirala institute of health sciences: a retrospective study

Background: Cesarean section (CS) is a common surgical procedure performed in obstetrics. The rate of rise of CS can be attributed to the increase in safety of the procedure, enhanced surgical techniques, improved    antibiotics, increase in number of women requesting for CS. In general, caesarean delivery is associated with more severe maternal complications compared to vaginal deliveries. The stage of labour at which CS is undertaken has been shown to influence the rate/risk of complication. Methods: It was an observational and retrospective study that depended on some clinical records related to more than 37 weeks’ gestation. The study was conducted in BP Koirala institute of health sciences, Dharan Nepal from 2021 December to 2022 December. The neonatal as well as maternal outcomes have been evaluated for CS among those who were observing the second stage in their labor period. The test statistics used to analyse the data were descriptive statistics chi-square test. Results:  The total delivery was 16131 out of which there were 6748 cesarean deliveries. Out of 6748 CS 65 patients had cesarean in second stage of labour. The most common cause of CS in second stage of labor was arrest of descent and dilatation (40%), followed by meconium-stained liquor (15.38%), occipito-posterior position (12.30%), and obstructed labour (3.07%) Being the least cause. One patient had to undergo peri-partum hysterectomy and the most common complication of second stage CS was prolong foleys catheterization (15 patients), post-partum febrile illness (20 patients out of 65), followed by wound infection, PPH, blood transfusion. The neonatal admission for NICU were birth asphyxia and respiratory distress were 50% each. Conclusions: CS in the second stage of labor is correlated with considerably improved neonatal and maternal rate of morbidity along with expanded neonatal mortality. A proper judgment and skilled obstetrician are required to perform a second-stage CS. CS in the second stage of labor is a technically demanding procedure with an increased risk of maternal and neonatal morbidity compared to the CS in the first stage of labor

DIFFERENT ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES FOR THE ANALYSIS OF ANTICANCER DRUGS-BOSUTINIB, ENCORAFENIB AND DABRAFENIB-A REVIEW

In this present situation there is an increase in the number of diseases has been observed but before this drug come to market, it must undergo several procedures. The validation and analytical methods are the important techniques that help in ensuring its purity and reliability. This process involves the use of various analytical techniques to collect data about the drug. This review includes various types of analytical techniques such as ultraviolet-visible Spectrophotometric and chromatography methods such as high-performance liquid chromatography, hyphenation techniques such as LC-MS for the estimation of selected anti-cancer drugs

EVALUATION OF REPEATED DOSE-90-DAY ORAL TOXICITY STUDY OF L-DOPA AND HYOSCINE HYDRBROMIDE COMBINATION IN RATS

Objective: The present study was done to evaluate repeated-dose 90-day oral toxicity studies of l-dopa and hyoscine hydrbromide combination in rats. Methods: Repeated-dose 90-day oral toxicity study was performed according to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guidelines 408. In the present study, combination of L-dopa and hyoscine hydrobromide was administered at 5 times the upper limit of therapeutic dose of each drug which is 1200 mg per day for L-dopa and 0.75 mg per day for hyoscine hydrobromide for adult human being and which was converted to required dose for Wistar rats (5 males and 5 females).Results: The combination of L-dopa and hyoscine hydrobromide at 5 times the upper therapeutic dose produced no treatment-related signs of toxicity or mortality in any of the animals tested during 90 d of the study. The subchronic administration of the combination of L-dopa and hyoscine hydrobromide did not produce any significant difference in any of the assigned parameters between the control and all treatment groups.Conclusion: It is established that the combination of L-dopa and hyoscine hydrobromide therapy is safe on repeated dose 90-day oral toxicity at 5 times the upper limit of therapeutics dose of each drug.Â

Comparative assessment of Oral Hygiene and Periodontal status among children who have Poliomyelitis at Udaipur city, Rajasthan, India

Objective: To assess and compare the oral hygiene and periodontal status among children with Poliomyelitis having upper limb disability, lower limb disability and both upper and lower disability at Udaipur city, Rajasthan, India. Study design: Total sample comprised of 344 Poliomyelitis children (upper limb disability: 33.4%; lower limb disability: 33.7%; both upper and lower limb disability: 32.9%) in the age group of 12-15 years. Clinical examination included recording Simplified Oral Hygiene Index and Community Periodontal Index. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), multiple logistic and stepwise linear regression were used for statistical analysis. Results: The mean OHI-S (2.52±1.05) score was found to be highest among children who had both upper and lower limb disability (p<0.05). The highest and lowest mean number of healthy sextants were found among those with only lower limb disability (4.53±2.05) and among those with both upper and lower limb disability (0.77±1.39), respectively (p<0.05). Stepwise multiple linear and multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the best predictor for oral hygiene and periodontal status was limb involved in the disability. Conclusion: The results of the study depicted an overall poor oral hygiene and periodontal status of the group. It was recognized that limbs involved in the disability had an impact on the oral hygiene and periodontal condition. The situation in this specialized population draws immediate attention for an integrated approach in improving the oral health and focus towards extensive research

Group Fuzzy Languages and its Generalizations

In fuzzy language theory, every monoid is the syntactic monoid of some fuzzy language. By using this result the properties of fuzzy language can be studied by the algebraic properties of the syntactic monoids. There are so many methods for studying fuzzy languages. We adopt the above method to analyze different class of fuzzy languages and also characterize certain varieties of fuzzy languages. In this paper we give the variety description of group fuzzy languages and also provide the Eilenberg variety theorem for the class of group fuzzy languages. Moreover we described a fuzzy language whose syntactic monoid is isomorphic to the group Zn

Evaluation of Salivary Calcium and Phosphorous Concentration Before and After Chewing CPP-ACP Containing Chewing Gum

Svrha: Željelo se procijeniti kolika je koncentraciju kalcija i fosfata u slini prije žvakanja žvakaće gume bez šećera s dodatkom kazein-fosfopeptida i amorfnog kalcijeva fosfata (CPP–ACP-a) pod imenom RecaldentTM te procijeniti količinu i koliko dugo ostaju određene koncentracije kalcija i fosfata u slini nakon žvakanja gume s CPP–ACP-om. Materijali i metode: Provedeno je kliničko nerandomizirano ispitivanje u skupini od 30 nasumce odabranih studenata u dobi između 18 i 25 godina. Od svih je skupljena nestimulirana slina cijeđenjem prije žvakanja gume s CCP–ACP-om i u točno određenim intervalima nakon 20-minutnog žvakanja. U uzorcima se mjerila koncentracija kalcija i fosfata. Podaci su analizirani SPSS ver.17, softverom s postavkama ponovljenog mjerenja ANOVA-om, studentskim parnim t-testom i postotnom razlikom. Rezultati: Srednja vrijednost kalcija u slini znatno se povećala neposredno nakon (Ai) žvakanja žvakaće s CCP–ACP-om, sa srednjom razlikom od 22 posto u usporedbi s osnovnom vrijednošću (B). Povećanje koncentracije kalcija u odnosu na osnovnu vrijednost mjerilo se dva sata nakon žvakanja, kada je opaženo sniženje koncentracije fosfata u slini i do jedan sat nakon žvakanja žvakaće u usporedbi s osnovnom vrijednošću (B). Zaključak: CPP kao ACP-nositelj znatno povećava koncentraciju kalcija u slini i tako olakšava remineralizaciju.Objective: To estimate the salivary concentration of calcium and phosphorous before and after chewing sugar free chewing gum containing Casein phosphopeptide-Amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) namely RecaldentTM and to determine the extent and duration to which the salivary levels of calcium and phosphorus remain retained in saliva after chewing the CPP-ACP containing gum. Materials and Method: A non-randomized clinical trial was conducted among 30 randomly selected students aged 18 – 25 years. Unstimulated saliva was collected by draining method before and at different intervals after chewing CPP-ACP chewing gum for 20 minutes. These samples were tested for calcium and phosphorous concentration. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 17 software using Repeated measure Anova and Students paired t-test and percentage difference. Results: The mean calcium concentration of saliva increased significantly immediately after (Ai) chewing CPP-ACP containing chewing gum with the mean difference of 22% when compared to the baseline (B). A significant increase in the calcium concentration of saliva as compared to the baseline (B) was observed for up to 2 hours after chewing the gum, whereas a decrease in the phosphorus concentration in saliva for up to 1 hour after chewing the gum was observed when compared to baseline (B). Conclusion - CPP as an ACP carrier significantly increases the calcium concentration of the saliva, thereby facilitating remineralization

Evaluation of Salivary Calcium and Phosphorous Concentration Before and After Chewing CPP-ACP Containing Chewing Gum

Svrha: Željelo se procijeniti kolika je koncentraciju kalcija i fosfata u slini prije žvakanja žvakaće gume bez šećera s dodatkom kazein-fosfopeptida i amorfnog kalcijeva fosfata (CPP–ACP-a) pod imenom RecaldentTM te procijeniti količinu i koliko dugo ostaju određene koncentracije kalcija i fosfata u slini nakon žvakanja gume s CPP–ACP-om. Materijali i metode: Provedeno je kliničko nerandomizirano ispitivanje u skupini od 30 nasumce odabranih studenata u dobi između 18 i 25 godina. Od svih je skupljena nestimulirana slina cijeđenjem prije žvakanja gume s CCP–ACP-om i u točno određenim intervalima nakon 20-minutnog žvakanja. U uzorcima se mjerila koncentracija kalcija i fosfata. Podaci su analizirani SPSS ver.17, softverom s postavkama ponovljenog mjerenja ANOVA-om, studentskim parnim t-testom i postotnom razlikom. Rezultati: Srednja vrijednost kalcija u slini znatno se povećala neposredno nakon (Ai) žvakanja žvakaće s CCP–ACP-om, sa srednjom razlikom od 22 posto u usporedbi s osnovnom vrijednošću (B). Povećanje koncentracije kalcija u odnosu na osnovnu vrijednost mjerilo se dva sata nakon žvakanja, kada je opaženo sniženje koncentracije fosfata u slini i do jedan sat nakon žvakanja žvakaće u usporedbi s osnovnom vrijednošću (B). Zaključak: CPP kao ACP-nositelj znatno povećava koncentraciju kalcija u slini i tako olakšava remineralizaciju.Objective: To estimate the salivary concentration of calcium and phosphorous before and after chewing sugar free chewing gum containing Casein phosphopeptide-Amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) namely RecaldentTM and to determine the extent and duration to which the salivary levels of calcium and phosphorus remain retained in saliva after chewing the CPP-ACP containing gum. Materials and Method: A non-randomized clinical trial was conducted among 30 randomly selected students aged 18 – 25 years. Unstimulated saliva was collected by draining method before and at different intervals after chewing CPP-ACP chewing gum for 20 minutes. These samples were tested for calcium and phosphorous concentration. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 17 software using Repeated measure Anova and Students paired t-test and percentage difference. Results: The mean calcium concentration of saliva increased significantly immediately after (Ai) chewing CPP-ACP containing chewing gum with the mean difference of 22% when compared to the baseline (B). A significant increase in the calcium concentration of saliva as compared to the baseline (B) was observed for up to 2 hours after chewing the gum, whereas a decrease in the phosphorus concentration in saliva for up to 1 hour after chewing the gum was observed when compared to baseline (B). Conclusion - CPP as an ACP carrier significantly increases the calcium concentration of the saliva, thereby facilitating remineralization

Complete genome sequence of Pseudomonas Phage Motto

We describe the complete genome sequence of bacteriophage Motto, which infects clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa . Motto is a T1-like siphovirus related to members of the family Drexlerviridae and has a capsid width of ~57 nm and a tail length of ~255 nm. The 49.9-kb genome contains 84 protein-coding genes

Performance of lateral flow device and galactomannan for the detection of Aspergillus species in bronchoalveolar fluid of patients at risk for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/111755/1/myc12327.pd