Uji Iritasi Primer Lotion Ekstrak Etanolik Daun Kemangi (Ocimum Basilicum Linn) Pada Kelinci Jantan Berdasarkan Parameter Indeks Iritasi Primer

Kemangi (Ocimum basilicum L.) is Lamiaceae family, consists of volatile oil, saponin,flavonoid, tanin, and polifenole. One of its functions is as an antioxidant. The antioxidantmechanism is blocking free radical oxidative bound with LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein) (Udupa,2006). This study explores kemangi as a lotion formulation on its primary iritation effect using malerabbits. Kemangi leaves are extracted with soxhletation method and formulated on lotion. Primaryirritation test is conducted by using patch test on 12 male rabbits. Rabbits are divided into 2 groups,with incision and without incision. Each of it got same treatments normal control aquadest, lotionbase control, and 4 tapering dose of kemangi leaves extract. Each treatment is done 6 times ondifferent rabbits, with incision and without incision group. The treatment is applied on rabbits backafter 3 stage shaving. For incision group, after 3 stages shaving the skin is scratched with minorincision on cell surface. Toxic symptom is observed during 24 hours and 72 hours after lotionapplication. The study result is analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Qualitative analysisshowed that any erythema found as reddish spot on the rabbits back skin, but no edema found.Primary irritation index as quantitative analysis showed 0,083 for normal control aquadest; 0,207 forlotion base control; 0,292 for 0,25g/inci2kemangi leaves extract; 0,416 for 0,5g/inci2kemangileaves extract; 0,582 for 1 g/inci2kemangi leaves extract; 0,642 for 2 g/inci2kemangi leaves extract.It means kemangi leaves extract have no primary irritation effect

Efek Gastroprotektif Ekstrak Etanol Daun Pepaya (Carica Papaya L.) pada Tikus Jantan yang Diinduksi Aspirin

Obat antiinflamasi non steroid (AINS), terutama yang dapat diperoleh tanpa resep, telah banyak digunakan oleh masyarakat untuk meredakan rasa sakit dan gejala inflamasi pada penyakit yang diderita. Namun, efek samping berupa ulkus lambung yang banyak dialami oleh pengguna AINS. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti efek ekstrak etanol daun pepaya (Carica papaya L.) pada tikus Wistar jantan yang diinduksi ulkus lambung menggunakan aspirin. Hewan uji dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok; kontrol normal (CMC 0,5%), kontrol positif (omeprazol 20 mg/kg), kontrol negatif (CMC 0,5%), kelompok perlakuan (ekstrak etanol daun pepaya dosis 100, 200, dan 300 mg/kg). Perlakuan diberikan selama 9 hari. Pada hari ke-10, semua tikus diinduksi dengan aspirin dosis 500 mg/kg kecuali kelompok normal yang dipuasakan selama 24 jam terlebih dahulu. Pada akhir penelitian, semua hewan uji dikorbankan dan lambungnya diambil untuk diukur indeks ulkus dan dibuat preparat. Tikus yang diberikan etanol ekstrak pepaya tidak terbentuk ulkus, bahkan lebih baik, dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol positif (p<0,05). Selain itu, hasil pembacaan histopatologi lambung menunjukkan bahwa pemberian daun pepaya dapat menjaga lambung tetap normal. Pemberian ekstrak etanol daun pepaya 100 mg/kg dapat mencegah terjadinya ulkus lambung pada tikus yang diinduksi menggunakan aspirin. 0 mg/kg dapat mencegah ulkus lambung pada tikus yang diinduksi aspirin

Antiprotozoal properties of Indonesian medicinal plant extracts

International audienceTithonia diversifolia, Cyclea barbata, Tinospora crispa, Arcangelisia flava, Pycnarrhena cauliflora are plants used in Indonesia for the traditional treatment of malaria. In the search for new antiparasitic drugs, the parts traditionally used of these 5 plants were extracted with ethanol and then fractionated with various solvents and evaluated in vitro against Plasmodium falciparum and also against Babesia divergens and Leishmania infantum. Seven crude plant extracts out of 25 tested displayed high antimalarial activities with IC50 < 5 μg/ml and in the cases of some of them an interesting selectivity regarding their cytotoxicity against mammalian cells. A. flava appeared to be the most promising antiplasmodial plant with the highest antiplasmodial activity (IC50 values less than 3 μg/ml) and the weakest cytotoxicity. By contrast, only P. cauliflora radix, through its dichloromethane and methanol fractions also demonstrated a high activity against L. infantum, with IC50 values around 3 μg/ml; their high selectivity index, especially on VERO cells, hypothesises a specific parasiticidal action. Moreover, for all the extracts showing antiplasmodial activity, a positive correlation was demonstrated with antibabesial activity, suggesting that these antiplasmodial extracts could be a potential source of antibabesial compounds. These preliminary results confirm the antiplasmodial interest of some of these plants used in traditional medicine but also their effects on leishmaniasis and babesiosis. Ongoing phytochemical investigations should allow identification of the chemical series responsible for these activities