Конструкція та аналіз вузлів з'єднувальних тяг для застосування в автомобілебудуванні

The tie rod end is one of the most elementary parts of a steering mechanism, which has direct and crucial importance in terms of driving safety. The tie rod end is used to ensure that the wheels are aligned. It provides the adjustment for the wheel to align and keeps the tires free from wearing out on the inner as well as outer edges. Hence the functioning of the tie rod is crucial for steering as well as suspension performance of the vehicle. Today’s world is competitive. Market demands the advanced technology at a lower price. This reflects in making the technology cheaper. Hence every industry determined for the cost-effective product at a lower price and within minimum period for ‘time to market. This puts a lot of pressure on engineers to consistently strive to design the more effective products at the lower price. The work is focused on the functioning of the tie rod. Generally, tractor connecting tie rod gets failed due to the overload applications. This paper focuses on modifying the old tie rod design and material. Finally, analysis the load causes of existing and modified design using ANSYS software. This modelling approach, the stress variations and deformation characteristics of each component are investigated for high operational loading conditions.Кінцева тяга є однією з найпростіших частин рульового механізму, що має безпосереднє і найважливіше значення з точки зору безпеки руху. Кінцевий штифт використовується для того, щоб колеса були вирівняні. Ця стаття зосереджена на модифікацію традиційної конструкції тяги. Наведено аналіз причин завантаження існуючої та модифікованої конструкцій за допомогою програмного забезпечення ANSYS. Цей підхід грунтується на дослідженні навантажень і деформацій кожного компонента для високих експлуатаційних умов навантаження

Gold-Decorated Block Copolymer Microspheres with Controlled Surface Nanostructures

Gold-decorated block copolymer microspheres (BCP-microspheres) displaying various surface morphologies were prepared by the infiltration of Au precursors into polystyrene-b-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P4VP) microspheres. The microspheres were fabricated by emulsifying the PS-b-P4VP polymers in chloroform into a surfactant solution In water, followed by the evaporation of chloroform. The selective swelling of the P4VP domains in the microspheres by the Au precursor under acidic conditions resulted in the formation of Au-decorated BCP-microspheres with various surface nanostructures. As evidenced by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements, dotted surface patterns were formed when microspheres smaller than 800 nm were synthesized, whereas fingerprint-like surface patterns were observed with microspheres larger than 800 nm. Au nanoparticles (NPs) were located inside P4VP domains near the surfaces of the prepared microspheres, as confirmed by TEM. The optical properties of the BCP-microspheres were characterized using UV-vis absorption spectroscopy and fluorescence lifetime measurements. A maximum absorption peak was observed at approximately 580 nm, indicating that Au NPs are densely packed Into P4VP domains on the microspheres. Our approach for creating Au-NP-hybrid BCP-microspheres can be extended to other NP systems such as Iron-oxide or platinum NPs. These precursors can also be selectively incorporated into P4VP domains and induce the formation of hybrid BCP-microspheres with controlled surface nanostructures