4 research outputs found

    Differential Effects of Two Isoenergetic Meals Rich in Saturated or Monounsaturated Fat on Endothelial Function in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes

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    OBJECTIVE—To examine the acute effects of consumption of monounsaturated (MUFAs) and saturated fatty acids (SAFAs) on endothelial function in subjects with type 2 diabetes

    Differential acute effects of two different isoenergetic meals one rich in saturated and one rich in monounsaturated fat on endothelial function in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus

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    Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the acute effects of two different isoenergetic meals, one rich in monounsaturated (MUFAs) and one rich in saturated (SAFAs) acids on endothelial function in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: Thirty three volunteers with type 2 diabetes were examined before, 2, 4 and 6h after consuming two isocaloric mixed meals, one rich in MUFAs and one rich in SAFAs. The mean ± SD value of age was 58.6±10.3 years. The MUFA meal contained 100 g of toast bread and 33 g of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO). The SAFA meal contained 40 g of toast bread and 100 g of butter. Flow mediated dilatation (FMD), blood lipids, glucose, insulin and antioxidant plasma markers were measured before and at the above time intervals after the ingestion of the two meals. Results: After the consumption of the MUFA-rich meal FMD did not change during the 6 hour duration of the study (p=0,560), while after consumption of the SAFA-rich meal a significant reduction in FMD was observed (p<0.001). The FMD values during the experiment, expressed as incremental area under the curve, was +5.2±2.5% after the MUFA-rich meal and -16.7±6.05 after the SAFA-rich meal (Δ= -11.5±6.4% between the test meals, p=0.008). Baseline branchial artery diameter, baseline and peak blood flow as well as % increase in blood flow in the branchial artery did not change during the study after consumption of either test meals. Additionally, no significant differences in these parameters were observed between the test meals. As expected after consumption of either test meals, plasma glucose, insulin and triglycerides levels increased during the study while the concentrations of Τotal- and HDL-cholesterol and total plasma antioxidant capacity (TPAC) did not change. No significant differences were found in these parameters between the two meals. Conclusions/ Interpretation- Consumption of a single MUFA-rich meal in the form of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) does not impair endothelial function in subjects with T2DM. On the contrary, consumption of a SAFA-rich meal exerts a noxious effect on endothelial function which is maintained up to 6 h postprandially. Prospective studies are needed to clarify the long-term effects of EVOO consumption on endothelial function.Δεδομένα-σκοπός: Στην παρούσα μελέτη εξετάστηκε η επίδραση της πρόσληψης δύο διαφορετικών ισοθερμιδικών γευμάτων, ενός πλούσιου σε κεκορεσμένα (SAFA) και ενός πλούσιου σε μονοακόρεστα λιπαρά οξέα (MUFA) στη λειτουργικότητα του ενδοθηλίου σε άτομα με διαβήτη τύπου 2 (ΣΔΤ2). Ασθενείς-Μέθοδοι: Συνολικά εξετάστηκαν 33 ασθενείς με ΣΔΤ2 ηλικίας 58 ± 9,2έτη πριν και μετά την χορήγηση δύο ισοθερμιδικών γευμάτων ενός πλούσιου σε MUFA και ενός πλούσιου σε SAFA. Το πλούσιο σε MUFA γεύμα περιείχε 100 γρ ψωμί τύπου τοστ και 33 γρ παρθένο ελαιόλαδο. Το πλούσιο σε SAFA γεύμα περιείχε 100 γρ ψωμί τύπου τοστ και 40 γρ βούτυρο. Η ενδοθηλιοεξαρτώμενη αγγειοδιαστολή (FMD), τα λιπίδια, η γλυκόζη, η ινσουλίνη και η αντιοξειδωτική ικανότητα του πλάσματος μετρήθηκαν πριν, 2, 4 και 6 ώρες μετά από την κατανάλωση του κάθε γεύματος. Αποτελέσματα: Στη διάρκεια του πειράματος, η FMD δεν μεταβλήθηκε σημαντικά μετά από τη χορήγηση του πλούσιου σε MUFA γεύματος (p=0,560). Αντιθέτως, μετά την κατανάλωση του γεύματος που ήταν πλούσιο σε SAFA παρατηρήθηκε μια προοδευτική και σημαντική μείωση του FMD (p<0,001). Η FMD κατά την διάρκεια του πειράματος, εκφραζόμενη, ως το εμβαδόν της περιοχής κάτω από την καμπύλη αυξήθηκε μετά από το πλούσιο σε MUFA γεύμα (5,2±2,5%), ενώ μειώθηκε μετά το πλούσιο σε SAFA γεύμα (-16,7±6,0%) (Δ=-11,5%±6,4%, p=0,008). Η γλυκόζη, η ινσουλίνη και τα τριγλυκερίδια ορού αυξήθηκαν μεταγευματικά σε ανάλογο βαθμό μετά τα δύο γεύματα, ενώ η ολική, η HDL χοληστερόλη και η αντιοξειδωτική ικανότητα του πλάσματος δεν μεταβλήθηκαν στατιστικά σημαντικά . Συμπεράσματα: Σε άτομα με ΣΔΤ2 η κατανάλωση ενός γεύματος πλούσιου σε MUFA με την μορφή ελαιολάδου δεν προκαλεί μεταβολή της λειτουργικότητας του ενδοθηλίου. Αντιθέτως, ένα γεύμα πλούσιο σε SAFA προκαλεί δυσλειτουργία του ενδοθηλίου έως και τις 6 ώρες μεταγευματικά. Είναι απαραίτητη η διεξαγωγή προοπτικών μελετών προκειμένου να αποσαφηνιστεί μακροπρόθεσμα ο ρόλος του ελαιολάδου στην ενδοθηλιακή λειτουργία σε άτομα με διαβήτη τύπου

    Impact of diet-induced obesity in male mouse reproductive system: The role of advanced glycation end product-receptor for advanced glycation end product axis

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    Obesity represents a route to broad physiological dysfunction affecting major organs including male urogenital system. Hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and oxidative stress associated with obesity augment the formation of reactive metabolic by-products, namely advanced glycation end products (AGEs), leading to increased tissue deposition and damage. The exogenous intake and the endogenous accumulation of AGEs contribute to metabolic and reproductive abnormalities in both women and men. The present study assessed the effects of a diet high in saturated fatty acids (SAFA) on the lipid and metabolic profile (AGE levels, oxidative stress) as well as pathogenic (AGE, receptor for AGEs [RAGE] expression, apoptosis) and morphometric parameters of male reproductive system in vivo. Effects of switching to a diet rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) or equal in the proportion MUFA to SAFA were further investigated. SAFA-fed animals were characterized by increased serum lipid concentrations (p &lt; .05) compared to controls, but AGEs and peroxide levels were not significantly different across the different experimental groups. Elevated AGE deposition was detected for the first time in germ cells with a higher staining intensity in animals on the SAFA diet, compared to MUFA or MUFA-SAFA-fed animals or the control samples (p = .018). In Leydig cells, AGE localization was higher in the entire cohort of high-fat-fed animals compared to controls (p &lt; .05). High-fat-fed mice displayed enhanced apoptosis compared to controls (p &lt; .005). Furthermore, prostatic tissue demonstrated reduction in epithelial folding, an effect which was significantly reversed after MUFA diet administration. Our findings provide the basis for further investigation of AGE-RAGE axis in testicular and prostatic disturbances associated with diet-induced obesity. Simple dietetic intervention has beneficial effects on metabolic dysfunction of reproductive system before overt manifestations, indicating glycation as a promising therapeutic target
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