ULTRASSONOGRAFIA GINECOLÓGICA AVANÇADA E SEUS CONCEITOS: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA

This review aims to evaluate the pathophysiological aspects, as well as to evaluate the role of ultrasonography during pregnancies complicated by GDM. For this, the progress of the research began with the definition of the descriptors indexed by the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and by the Health Sciences Descriptor (DeCS). For the searches, the PubMed databases were consulted, through the virtual access of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI); and Lilacs, through electronic access from the Virtual Health Library (VHL). Articles were identified and selected from the MeSH strategy with the following terms related to the topic addressed: Gestational diabetes, glucose and pregnancy, ultrasound and fetal vitality, fetal vitality, polyhydramnios and gestational diabetes. As a result, we saw that complications resulting from DM and adverse perinatal outcomes are directly related to maternal metabolic control, from the phase, with regard to the programming of pregnancy, since DM is strongly associated with cogenital anomalies (CAs ), regarding complications in the last trimester of pregnancy, highlighting the large fetus for gestational age (macrosomic) as risk predictors, associated with polyhydramnios, since excess glucose in maternal blood crosses the placenta, leading to fetal hyperglycemia, and this, in turn, triggers fetal osmotic diuresis.Esta revisão visa avaliar os aspectos fisiopatologicos, bem como avaliar o papel da ultrassonografia durante as gestações complicadas com DMG. Para isto, o andamento da pesquisa iniciou com a definição dos descritores indexados pelo Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) e pelo Descritor de Ciências da Saúde (DeCS). Para as buscas foram consultadas as bases de dados PubMed, pelo acesso virtual da National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI); e Lilacs, por meio de acesso eletrônico da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS). Foram identificados e selecionados artigos a partir da estratégia MeSH com os seguintes termos relacionados à temática abordada: Gestational diabetes, glucose and pregnancy, ultrasound and fetal vitality, fetal vitality, polyhydramnios and gestational diabetes. Como resultado, os artigos revelaram que as complicações decorrentes do DM e os desfechos perinatais adversos tem relação direta com o controle metábolico materno, desde a fase, no que se refere a programação da gestação, uma vez que, o DM está fortemente associado a anomalias cogênitas (ACs), quanto as complicações no último trimestre da gestação, destacando como preditores de risco o feto grande para a idade gestacional (macrossômico), associado ao polidrâmnio, uma vez que o excesso de glicose no sangue materno, atravessa a placenta levando à hiperglicemia fetal, e esta, por sua vez, desencadeia a diurese osmótica fetal

AVALIAÇÃO PRÉ ANESTÉSICA E SEUS FATORES PRECISOS DENTRO DO BLOCO CIRÚRGICO

The preoperative consultation performed by an anesthetist is a formal evaluation, performed days or weeks before the surgical act. Its function is to identify possible risk factors for complications or to reduce the therapeutic success of the procedure. Nowadays, they are already highly recommended for patients who will undergo elective procedures under anesthetic induction. Objectives: This study aims at a review of the literature on Preoperative Anesthetic Consultation and its effects in the in and postoperative period, highlighting methods of evaluation, practical application, influence on the prognosis of patients and whether there is a direct cost-benefit relationship. Methods: Review articles, case reports and clinical trials were selected based on the use of indexed descriptors in DECS, the inclusion criteria of the research were "Revision", "Human Studies" and "last 10 years". Discussion And Results: In Brazil, the Federal Council of Medicine (CFM), through Resolution No. 802 / 06.1, made pre- anesthetic assessment (APA) indispensable and recommended that it be done before hospital admission. Information should be obtained in this evaluation so that the anesthetist can trace their preoperative conducts, such as medication introduction, and intraoperative through anesthetic and adjuvant therapies, thereby reducing postoperative complications and risks. Some studies have emphasized the importance of requesting complementary tests, showing that in many cases there were unnecessary exams that did not aggregate information pertinent to the pathologies in question. Other studies have demonstrated the direct relationship of a good pre-anesthetic evaluation with good results in the patient's survival, as well as failures in this evaluation, resulting in worse prognosis and greater number of complications.A consulta pré operatória realizada por anestesista é uma avaliação formal, realizada dias ou semanas antes do ato cirurgico. Sua função é de identificar possíveis fatores de risco para complicações ou que possam reduzir o sucesso terapêutico do procedimento. Hoje em dia, já são altamente recomendadas para pacientes que irão se submeter a procedimentos eletivos sob indução anestésica. Objetivos: O estudo visa uma revisão da literatura sobre a Consulta Pré-Operatória Anestésica e os seus efeitos no período peri e pós operatório, destacando métodos de avaliação, aplicação prática, influencia no prognóstico dos pacientes e se há direta relação custo-benefício. Métodos: Foram selecionados artigos de revisão, relato de caso e ensaios clínicos, com base na utilização dos descritores indexados no DECS, os critérios de inclusão da pesquisa foram “Revisão”, “Estudos em Humanos” e “últimos 10 anos”. Discussão e resultados: No Brasil, Conselho Federal de Medicina (CFM), por meio da Resolução n◦1.802/06.1, tornou indispensável a avaliação pré-anestésica (APA) e recomendou que seja feita antes da admissão hospitalar. Deve se obter informações nessa avaliação para que o anestesista possa traçar suas condutas pré operatórias, como introdução de medicamentos, e intra-operatórios por meio de cuidados no plano anestésico e terapias adjuvantes, desse modo, reduzindo complicações e riscos no período pós operatório. Alguns estudos foram destacaram a importância na solicitação de exames complementares, mostrando que em muitos casos haviam exames desnecessários que não agregavam informações pertinentes às patologias em questão. Outros estudos já demonstraram a relação direta de uma boa avaliação pré-anestésica com bons resultados na sobrevida do paciente, assim como falhas nessa avaliação resultando em pior prognóstico e maior número de complicações

PROGRESSÕES DO TRATAMENTO NA OBESIDADE INFANTIL NO BRASIL: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA

Childhood obesity is a growing disease in Brazil and around the world, being a public health problem. The WHO estimate is that this number will reach 11.3 million in 2025. Objective: Analyzing the situation of obesity in children in Brazil, at a national and regional level, as well as its reasons. Methodology: This study was conducted in September 2023, 16,247 articles were identified in various databases, of which 14 articles were selected for this bibliographic review. Results: It was found that girls are more affected by obesity than boys. It was also seen that the South and Southeast regions have higher rates of childhood obesity in Brazil. Conclusion: The worrying increase in obesity in children in Brazil is evident, caused by several factors, therefore urgent measures are necessary to face this problem that represents a threat to public health and childhood well-being.A obesidade infantil é uma doença em ascensão no Brasil e no mundo, sendo uma problemática de saúde pública. A estimativa da OMS é que esse número chegue a 11,3 milhões em 2025. Objetivo: Analisando a situação da obesidade em crianças no Brasil, em nível nacional e regional, assim como seus motivos. Metodologia: Este estudo foi conduzido em Setembro de 2023, foram identificados 16.247 artigos em diversas bases de dados, dos quais foram selecionados 14 artigos para esta revisão bibliográfica. Resultados: Foi constatado que meninas são mais afetadas pela obesidade do que meninos. Também foi visto que as regiões Sul e Sudeste apresentam maiores índices de obesidade infantil no Brasil. Conclusão: É evidente o aumento preocupante da obesidade em crianças no Brasil, originado por diversos fatores, portanto medidas urgentes são necessárias para enfrentar este problema que representa uma ameaça à saúde pública e ao bem-estar da infância

Parasitism by Amblyomma rotundatum on Teiidae lizards in the eastern part of the state of Acre, Brazil

Abstract The aim of the present study was to report on the occurrence of parasitism by Amblyomma rotundatum ticks on two species of Teiidae lizards and test the presence of rickettsiae in the collected ticks, in the western Brazilian Amazon region. Ticks were collected in July 2019, from a fragment of terra firme forest in the municipality of Senador Guiomard, Acre, Brazil. Two lizards that were infested by immature stages of ticks were caught using mist net and Tomahawk traps. Ectoparasites were collected manually, and the lizard specimens were identified and released at the same location where they had been caught. Three nymphs and 49 larvae were collected from Ameiva ameiva, while 25 nymphs and nine larvae were collected from Tupinambis cuzcoensis, which are both in the family Teiidae. The ticks were identified morphologically as belonging to the genus Amblyomma. Nymphs were identified at species level through molecular analysis, resulting in the tick species Amblyomma rotundatum. This is the first record of parasitism by the tick A. rotundatum on T. cuzcoensis lizard, and the first report of an association between A. rotundatum and the lizard species A. ameiva and T. cuzcoensis in Acre, in the western part of the Amazon region

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospital-manifested COVID-19 among Brazilians

ABSTRACT: Objectives: To analyze the clinical characteristics and outcomes of admitted patients with the hospital- versus community-manifested COVID-19 and to evaluate the risk factors related to mortality in the first population. Methods: This retrospective cohort included consecutive adult patients with COVID-19, hospitalized between March and September 2020. The demographic data, clinical characteristics, and outcomes were extracted from medical records. Patients with hospital-manifested COVID-19 (study group) and those with community-manifested COVID-19 (control group) were matched by the propensity score model. Logistic regression models were used to verify the risk factors for mortality in the study group. Results: Among 7,710 hospitalized patients who had COVID-19, 7.2% developed symptoms while admitted for other reasons. Patients with hospital-manifested COVID-19 had a higher prevalence of cancer (19.2% vs 10.8%) and alcoholism (8.8% vs 2.8%) than patients with community-manifested COVID-19 and also had a higher rate of intensive care unit requirement (45.1% vs 35.2%), sepsis (23.8% vs 14.5%), and death (35.8% vs 22.5%) (P <0.05 for all). The factors independently associated with increased mortality in the study group were increasing age, male sex, number of comorbidities, and cancer. Conclusion: Hospital-manifested COVID-19 was associated with increased mortality. Increasing age, male sex, number of comorbidities, and cancer were independent predictors of mortality among those with hospital-manifested COVID-19 disease

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora

Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil

Abstract An updated inventory of Brazilian seed plants is presented and offers important insights into the country's biodiversity. This work started in 2010, with the publication of the Plants and Fungi Catalogue, and has been updated since by more than 430 specialists working online. Brazil is home to 32,086 native Angiosperms and 23 native Gymnosperms, showing an increase of 3% in its species richness in relation to 2010. The Amazon Rainforest is the richest Brazilian biome for Gymnosperms, while the Atlantic Rainforest is the richest one for Angiosperms. There was a considerable increment in the number of species and endemism rates for biomes, except for the Amazon that showed a decrease of 2.5% of recorded endemics. However, well over half of Brazillian seed plant species (57.4%) is endemic to this territory. The proportion of life-forms varies among different biomes: trees are more expressive in the Amazon and Atlantic Rainforest biomes while herbs predominate in the Pampa, and lianas are more expressive in the Amazon, Atlantic Rainforest, and Pantanal. This compilation serves not only to quantify Brazilian biodiversity, but also to highlight areas where there information is lacking and to provide a framework for the challenge faced in conserving Brazil's unique and diverse flora