2,656 research outputs found
Emergence of Leadership in Communication
We study a neuro-inspired model that mimics a discussion (or information
dissemination) process in a network of agents. During their interaction, agents
redistribute activity and network weights, resulting in emergence of leader(s).
The model is able to reproduce the basic scenarios of leadership known in
nature and society: laissez-faire (irregular activity, weak leadership, sizable
inter-follower interaction, autonomous sub-leaders); participative or
democratic (strong leadership, but with feedback from followers); and
autocratic (no feedback, one-way influence). Several pertinent aspects of these
scenarios are found as well---e.g., hidden leadership (a hidden clique of
agents driving the official autocratic leader), and successive leadership (two
leaders influence followers by turns). We study how these scenarios emerge from
inter-agent dynamics and how they depend on behavior rules of agents---in
particular, on their inertia against state changes.Comment: 17 pages, 11 figure
Community Detection with and without Prior Information
We study the problem of graph partitioning, or clustering, in sparse networks
with prior information about the clusters. Specifically, we assume that for a
fraction of the nodes their true cluster assignments are known in
advance. This can be understood as a semi--supervised version of clustering, in
contrast to unsupervised clustering where the only available information is the
graph structure. In the unsupervised case, it is known that there is a
threshold of the inter--cluster connectivity beyond which clusters cannot be
detected. Here we study the impact of the prior information on the detection
threshold, and show that even minute [but generic] values of shift the
threshold downwards to its lowest possible value. For weighted graphs we show
that a small semi--supervising can be used for a non-trivial definition of
communities.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figure
Phase Transitions in Community Detection: A Solvable Toy Model
Recently, it was shown that there is a phase transition in the community
detection problem. This transition was first computed using the cavity method,
and has been proved rigorously in the case of groups. However, analytic
calculations using the cavity method are challenging since they require us to
understand probability distributions of messages. We study analogous
transitions in so-called "zero-temperature inference" model, where this
distribution is supported only on the most-likely messages. Furthermore,
whenever several messages are equally likely, we break the tie by choosing
among them with equal probability. While the resulting analysis does not give
the correct values of the thresholds, it does reproduce some of the qualitative
features of the system. It predicts a first-order detectability transition
whenever , while the finite-temperature cavity method shows that this is
the case only when . It also has a regime analogous to the "hard but
detectable" phase, where the community structure can be partially recovered,
but only when the initial messages are sufficiently accurate. Finally, we study
a semisupervised setting where we are given the correct labels for a fraction
of the nodes. For , we find a regime where the accuracy jumps
discontinuously at a critical value of .Comment: 6 pages, 6 figure
Entanglement can completely defeat quantum noise
We describe two quantum channels that individually cannot send any
information, even classical, without some chance of decoding error. But
together a single use of each channel can send quantum information perfectly
reliably. This proves that the zero-error classical capacity exhibits
superactivation, the extreme form of the superadditivity phenomenon in which
entangled inputs allow communication over zero capacity channels. But our
result is stronger still, as it even allows zero-error quantum communication
when the two channels are combined. Thus our result shows a new remarkable way
in which entanglement across two systems can be used to resist noise, in this
case perfectly. We also show a new form of superactivation by entanglement
shared between sender and receiver.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figur
Subsurface Facies Analysis of the Late Cambrian Mt. Simon Sandstone in Western Ohio (Midcontinent North America)
The Cambrian Mt. Simon Sandstone (MSS) is a possible unconventional gas reservoir in the Illinois, Michigan, and Appalachian Basins, but comparatively little is known about the unit. This study used core and well logs from two deep exploratory wells to interpret the depositional environment of the MSS under western Ohio, where the MSS is about 120 m thick and found 1060 m below ground surface. In western Ohio, the MSS unconformably overlies the Precambrian Middle Run Formation, is conformably overlain by the Cambrian Eau Claire Formation, and has a distinctive gamma-ray log-signature. In well DGS-2627, the MSS consists of tan, friable, moderately sorted, rounded, coarse- to very coarse-grained siliceous quartz arenite with minor heterolithic sandstone-mudstone couplets (rhythmites) and quartz granule conglomerate. Features indicative of tidally-influenced, shallow marine settings include tidal rhythmites, lenticular-, flaser-, and wavy-bedding, herringbone cross-bedding, mud-drapes, tidal bundles, reactivation surfaces, intraclasts, and bioturbation. The unit generally coarsens- and thickens-upward, and is interpreted as migration of a tidally-influenced transgressive barrier sequence. A subsurface facies model for the MSS is developed by interpreting geophysical logs and cores from DGS-2627l, and this model is semi-quantitatively tested by first interpreting well BP-4 using geophysical logs alone, then confirming the results using core
A New Approach to Measuring AI Bias in Human Resources Functions: Model Risk Management
This scholarship is the first to offer a commonsense, durable, implementable, and traceable solution to the problem of artificial intelligence bias in the human resources industry by proposing the application of the Model Risk Management structure that has proven successful in the financial services industry since the Great Recession of 2008. Such industry regulation will likely reduce the incidents of EEOC charges of violations of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and produce a more stable and safe regulatory environment for firms. Most importantly, the promise of an American workplace with less disparate treatment and disparate impact among employees on protected grounds will be achieved
Assessing the Sustainability of Facilities Management in the Food Sector in Kurdistan Region of Iraq
Sustainability is becoming an indispensable and concerning issue for firms in today's business environment. Especially in the food and restaurant sectors. Sustainability focuses on satisfying the needs of the current period without conceding the capability of future consumers to meet their desires. Yet, an inclusive adoption of Sustainability is lagging in the restaurant and eatery industry in emerging market such as Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Therefore, this study focuses on the current practices of sustainable facilities in restaurants and lodging businesses in Kurdistan Region, Iraq. The researchers conducted unstructured interview for the data collection from (10) restaurateurs managing and working in 5 luxurious restaurants and 5 fast-food ones. The restaurants selected were categorized as luxurious restaurants and fast food restaurants, the topics of the interviews were related to energy, waste and water. The data were analyzed by using frequency. The main approach in data gathering was qualitative. The interview queries were taken from related articles and divided into 3 sections: awareness plan, strategic planning, and restaurants' criteria of SAM. A content analysis method was used to identify the trend from previously published literature. The result showed that luxurious restaurants do apply sustainability in their operations, while fast-food restaurants lag behind. Finally, recommendations of this study can be of help to all restaurants in Kurdistan area by introducing a proper practice of sustainability to improve and develop their businesses to meet customers' needs and gain competitive advantages ahead of their competitors
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