Interleukin-6 Gene Promoter Polymorphisms and Cardiovascular Risk Factors. A family study

Objective: To determine whether the advanced paternal age associated factor for bipolar disorder in patients attended at the Regional Teaching Hospital of Cajamarca. Material and Methods: An observational, retrospective, case-control study was conducted. The study population consisted of 136 adult patients with; Which were divided into 2 groups: with or without bipolar disorder; The odds ratio and chi-square test were calculated. Results: There were no significant differences regarding the variables age, gender or origin among patients with or without bipolar disorder. The frequency of advanced paternal age in patients with bipolar disorder was 20%. The frequency of advanced paternal age in patients without bipolar disorder was 9%. Advanced paternal age is a associated factor for bipolar disorder with an odds ratio of 2.67 which was significant (p <0.05). Conclusions: The advanced paternal age associated factor for bipolar disorder in patients attended at the Regional Teaching Hospital of Cajamarca.Objetivo: Determinar si la edad paterna avanzada es factor asociado para trastorno bipolar en pacientes atendidos en el Hospital Regional Docente de Cajamarca. Material y Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio de tipo observacional, retrospectivo de casos y controles. La población de estudio estuvo constituida por 136 pacientes adultos con; las cuales fueron divididas en 2 grupos: con trastorno bipolar o sin él; se calculó el odds ratio y la prueba chi cuadrado. Resultados: No se apreciaron diferencias significativas respecto a las variables edad, genero ni procedencia entre los pacientes con trastorno bipolar o sin él. La frecuencia de edad paterna avanzada en los pacientes con trastorno bipolar fue de 20%. La frecuencia de edad paterna avanzada en los pacientes sin trastorno bipolar fue de 9%. La edad paterna avanzada es factor asociado para trastorno bipolar con un odds ratio de 2.67 el cual fue significativo (p<0.05). Conclusiones: La edad paterna avanzad es factor asociado para trastorno bipolar en pacientes atendidos en el Hospital Regional Docente de Cajamarca

Interleukin-6 Gene Promoter Polymorphisms and Cardiovascular Risk Factors. A family study

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a cytokine involved in inflammatory process, as well as in glucose and lipid metabolism. Several studies of the biological relevance of IL-6 gene polymorphisms have indicated a relationship with cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to assess whether the –174 G/C and –572 G/C of IL-6 gene polymorphisms are associated with cardiovascular risk factors in Mexican families. Ninety members of 30 Mexican families, in which an index case (proband) had obesity, were included in the study. We evaluated the body composition by bioelectrical impedance. Peripheral blood samples were collected to determine biochemical and hematological parameters. High sensitivity C- reactive protein levels were measurement for nephelometric analysis. Screening for both polymorphisms studied was performed by PCR-RFLP. In the parents, both polymorphisms were in Hardy-Weinberg's equilibrium. The genotypes –174 GC/CC were associated with T2D (OR = 1.23, IC95% 1.01–1.5) and highest levels of hsCRP (p = 0.02), whereas genotype –572 GG was associated with T2D (OR = 1.24, IC95% 1.04–1.47) with an inflammatory state determined by the increase in the leukocyte count (OR = 1.24, IC95% 1.02–1.51). The genotypes –174 GC/CC and –572 GG may confer susceptibility for the development of subclinical inflammation and type 2 diabetes in Mexican families

Association of the HindIII and S447X Polymorphisms in LPL Gene with Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes in Mexican Families

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is a key enzyme in lipid metabolismand is associatedwith obesity, dyslipidemias, hypertension (HTN) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). LPL gene polymorphisms can be related with the development of cardiovascular risk factors. The present study was conducted to analyze the relationship of the HindIII and S447X polymorphisms in LPL gene with cardiovascular risk factors in Mexican families. The study population comprised ninety members of 30 Mexican families, in which an index case had obesity, were included in the study. We evaluated the body composition by bioelectrical impedance. Peripheral blood samples were collected to determine biochemical parameters. Screening for both polymorphisms was made by PCR-RFLPs. In the parents, both polymorphisms were in Hardy-Weinberg’s equilibrium. We found that the genotype T/T of HindIII was associated with diastolic blood pressure ≧ 85 mmHg (OR = 1.1; p = 0.011), whereas the genotype C/C of S447X was associated with systolic blood pressure ≧ 130 mmHg (OR = 1.2; p < 0.001), diastolic blood pressure ≧ 85 mmHg (OR = 1.3; p < 0.001), T2DM (OR = 1.3; p < 0.001) and with increase of total cholesterol (β = 23.6 mg/mL; p = 0.03). These data suggest that the HindIII and S447X LPL gene polymorphisms can confer susceptibility for the development of hypertension and T2DM in Mexican families

Adiposidade corporal, mas não resistência insulínica, associa-se ao polimorfismo -675 4G/5G no gene PAI-1 em uma amostra de crianças mexicanas

OBJETIVO: Elaboramos este estudo para avaliar se o polimorfismo -675 4G/5G no gene inibidor 1 do ativador do plasminogênio se associa à obesidade e à resistência insulínica em crianças mexicanas. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo transversal em 174 crianças, 89 delas com peso normal e 85 obesas, variando sua idade de 6 a 13 anos. Todas as crianças eram do estado de Guerrero e foram recrutadas de três escolas primárias na cidade de Chilpancingo, México. Os níveis de insulina foram determinados por prova imunoenzimática. Foi usado o modelo de avaliação da homeostase para determinar resistência insulínica. O polimorfismo -675 4G/5G no gene PAI-1 foi analisado pelo método reação de polimerase em cadeia-polimorfismo no comprimento dos fragmentos de restrição. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de resistência insulínica no grupo obeso foi mais alta (49,41%) do que no grupo com peso normal (16,85%). O polimorfismo 4G/5G do PAI-1 foi encontrado em equilíbrio de Hardy Weinberg. O genótipo 4G/5G contribuiu para um aumento significativo da relação cintura-quadril (β = 0,02, p = 0,006), da circunferência da cintura (β = 4,42, p = 0,009) e da espessura da prega subescapular (β = 1,79, p = 0,04), mas não se relacionou com a resistência insulínica. CONCLUSÃO: O genótipo -675 4G/5G do gene PAI-1 se associou a aumento da adiposidade corporal em crianças mexicanas